EGN4333 LAB 1

Basic Awareness on Environmental Sustainability

& Pollution Control
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Submitted to

Date:
11 February 2021
 Table of Contents
1.0 Objective............................................................................................................................................3
2.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Environmental Pollution................................................................................................................3
2.1.1 Air pollution...........................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 Soil Pollution.........................................................................................................................5
2.1.3 Water pollution......................................................................................................................5
2.2 Sustainability..................................................................................................................................6
2.3 Renewable energy..........................................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Solar Energy...........................................................................................................................7
2.3.2 Wind Energy..........................................................................................................................7
2.3.3 Hydro energy.........................................................................................................................7
2.3.4 Biomass..................................................................................................................................7
2.3.5 Geothermal.............................................................................................................................7
2.3.6 Tidal and Wave energy..........................................................................................................8
3.0 Observations......................................................................................................................................8
4.0 Diagrams and Charts..........................................................................................................................8
5.0 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................9
6.0 References........................................................................................................................................10
7.0 Appendix..........................................................................................................................................10

List of figures
Figure 1 Environmental Pollution...................................................................................................3
Figure 2 Sources of Air pollution....................................................................................................4
Figure 3 Soil pollution.....................................................................................................................5
Figure 4 Sources of water pollution.................................................................................................6
Figure 5 Waste hierarchy Chart.......................................................................................................8
Figure 6 Relation between the Sustainability..................................................................................9
Figure 7 Waste management...........................................................................................................9
1.0 Objective
In this lab we will learn basic knowledge about the environmental sustainability and
different type of pollutions in the lab. Moreover, different mitigation techniques were also
discussed by the instructor.

2.0 Introduction
World has different problems in this century, however environmental pollution is one of
the major issue confronting humans. Energy obtained from the fossil fuels release byproduct into
environment, which causes environmental pollution. The effect of byproduct are low on short
term but when the effect is observed on large scale and long term, they very hazardous for living
things on earth.

2.1 Environmental Pollution

The negative impact of different source on environment is known as environmental
pollution. The sources which make the earth environment unhealthy and dirty are termed as
pollutant. While natural causing to environmental pollution are those causes which are to nature
activities like continental drift, volcano’s and soil erosion etc. etc. Environmental pollution has
many negative impact on earth and human health and causing a lot of health issues. Major
concerns for environmental pollution is global warming and climate change. Which are
discussed in detail in below sections. [1]

Figure 1 Environmental Pollution

 Global warming may be slow, but it can be producing extreme events and disaster which
could end the human race on earth. Global warming is increasing the temperature of earth due to
greenhouse gases, potential greenhouse gases are water vapor, Carbon dioxide, Nitro oxide,
methane and Chloroflouro carbons. Some of the scientist predicts that more hot years are coming
on earth emissions continues to increase like that. Greenland most of the area is covered with
giant glaciers, which are started melting in 2016. However, these glaciers paly important role in
maintaining the temperature of the earth. In 2016, twelve meters of ice elevation lost in
Greenland due to climate change. These melting glaciers fall into ocean and give rise to sea
level.
Different type of Pollution are discussed below

2.1.1 Air pollution

When the quantity of certain harmful substances exceeds in the Environment/atmosphere
of the Earth are known as Air pollution. Air pollution can be produced or generated through
various sources like Sulfur dioxide, CO, CO 2, Ammonia, CFCs, NOx, particulates and smaller
molecules. These substance in environment are hazardous to human health and cause serious
diseases and allergies like skin cancer etc. however they can also cause death to humans. Beside
some direct threat to human health they can also affect the health of humans indirectly through
deposition on plant. Air pollution is generated in air through anthropogenic activities.
 Figure 2 Sources of Air pollution
The concentration of air pollution is increasing day by day. The Air pollutant is the
substance in the air which make air not suitable for human health and ecosystem, these air
pollutant can exist in all three forms (liquid, solid and gas). Different health issues arises due to
air pollution such as breathing problem, asthma, skin diseases and lung diseases.

2.1.2 Soil Pollution

The type of pollution in which the different containment effect the upper crust of earth is
known as soil pollution. It is another type of environmental pollution which is badly affecting the
ecological system of earth including living organisms. The byproducts from different industry or
domestic waste are dumped in land which effect the properties of earth crust. Agriculture sector
is facing a lot of issues due to soil pollution. Proper measure should be taken to reduce the
land/soil pollution.
 Figure 3 Soil pollution

2.1.3 Water pollution

Contamination of water from different type of pollutants or byproducts are known is
water pollution which is another dangerous form of environmental pollution effecting the
Aquatic life and living organism. Different type of disease are caused by water pollution.
Millions of children’s die due to disease caused by polluted water. Water pollution is increasing
as number of industrial plant are deploying with high rate which release by product in water
causing death of many indigenous species.

Figure 4 Sources of water pollution

2.2 Sustainability
Sustainability can eb define as something which can regenerated after short span of time
and available forever or very long time. Humans always look for sustainable resources for useful
work. Thirty years ago some scientist classified sustainability over four basic principle, which
can also seen as caring structure for our planet. Principle are: reducing our dependence over
fossil fuels and heavy metals, reduce synthetic chemical which effects nature, reduce destruction
of nature and ensure people are not stopping meet the basic rights of life on the planet.
Everything on earth is connected. [2]

2.3 Renewable energy

The type energy which is generated from natural resources which repolished themselves
when runout are known as renewable energy. Renewable energy resources are clean and green
source which can be alternative to fossil fuels and help to reduce the environmental pollution.
Renewable energy technologies are increasing with significant ratio to reduce the environmental
pollution. Renewable energy resources are also sustainable source of energy which repolish
themselves after short period of time. Some of the Renewable energy resources are discussed
below. [3]

2.3.1 Solar Energy

The type of energy which is obtained from sun is known as solar energy. Solar energy is in the
form of light and heat energy from the sun, different technologies are used for the utilization of
light and heat energy from the sun. A major portion of electricity is currently generated from
heat energy while the utilization of light energy is also increasing day by day.

2.3.2 Wind Energy

. Power production from wind energy is very common nowadays every single day a new
project is installed to produce power from wind energy. Wind energy can be produced using
wind energy turbines. Wind turbine rotates when the wind blows, and it forces generator to rotate
which further produce the electricity. Wind energy has a large potential over the globe to
produce power without any carbon emissions, which is the greatest benefit of wind energy.
There is a rise in wind energy installed capacity, which is approximately 51 GW globally per
annum.

2.3.3 Hydro energy

Hydroelectric power plant is the most reliable, cheap and efficient source of power
extraction from renewable energy resources. It’s no doubt a perfect source for clean energy as
well as a renewable energy source because a hydroelectric power plant does not require any fuel
and water is available in abundant quantity and can be used to harvest energy. Hydroelectric
power is produced by almost 150 countries and in 2015 power generated by hydro power plants
is 16.6% of total world energy need.

2.3.4 Biomass
The type of renewable energy which is obtain from plant residue and animal manure.
Biomass is one of the fastly growing renewable energy which help to produce low carbon
energy as well as help to manage waste from agriculture and animals.

2.3.5 Geothermal
The type energy which is obtained from natural heat of earth crust is known as
Geothermal. Despite limited resource location geothermal energy it is good source. Geothermal
is in developing phase different type of technologies are generated to extract useful energy from
earth crust.

2.3.6 Tidal and Wave energy

The type of energy with is obtained from the tide and waves in deep water is known as
tidal and wave energy. Energy obtained from tide and waves are still in developing and up till
now only 8% of the energy can be extracted from tides and waves.

3.0 Observations
In this lab no practical work was performed, instructor brief about the basic knowledge of.
Environmental pollution is causing environmental sustainability and different type of pollutions
negative impact on earth atmosphere which result in global warming and climate change and it
should be reduce with different measure such as producing power from renewable energy ,
electrical vehicle and plantation.

4.0 Diagrams and Charts

Figure 5 Waste hierarchy Chart

Figure 6 Relation between the Sustainability

 Figure 7 Waste management

5.0 Conclusion
In this report basic knowledge about environmental sustainability and different type of
pollutions was learnt. Environmental pollution is causing many issue like global warming and
climate change. Environmental pollution caused by human activities and natural activities.
Different type of environmental pollution are Air pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution.
Air pollution is type of pollution which pollutes the environment suing by product released in
environment. Soil pollution by dumping plastic and waste in land and water pollution is caused
by releasing byproducts from different sector of life in water. These pollution is causing a lot of
issue which should be reduced. Major two sector of life producing environmental pollution are
energy and industry sector. Renewable energy resource can be alternative source to produce
energy than fossil fuel and help to reduce the environmental pollution. Some of the renewable
energy resources are solar, wind, biomass, hydro, geothermal and tidal/wave energy. These
environmental pollution can be reduce through small steps like energy conservation, energy
efficient devices, less use of transportation and promote plantation.

6.0 References
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqHp03RRTDs&feature=youtu.be
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5NiTN0chj0&feature=youtu.be
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kUE0BZtTRc&feature=youtu.be

7.0 Appendix