PHYS 3023-01 October 26, 2023

First Midterm Examination

Name:

Attempt all Questions:

1. An infinitely long cylinder of radius 𝑅 = 0.5 m carries a charge cloud of volumetric

density 𝜌! = −6 × 10"# C/m$ . A point charge 𝑄 = 4 × 10−3 C is situated inside
the cylinder at (0, −0.2m, 0). Assume that the electrostatic potential equals zero at
(0,10,0 m).
(a) For this configuration, find expressions for the total electrostatic field intensity
𝐄 inside and outside the cylinder.
(b) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the total electric field intensity at
(0,10m, 0).
(c) Find the potential difference 𝑉'( between points 𝑃' (0,4m, 0) and
𝑃( (0,10m, 0).

The permittivity of vacuum 𝜖! = 8.8542 × 10"#$ C $ /N ∙ m$

𝑄
𝑦
𝜌0
𝑥

(a) Using a cylindrical Gaussian surface, we can find the field inside and outside
the cylinder, for which
ℓ $)
> ∙ 𝜌𝑑𝜙 𝑑𝑧 𝛒
∯𝒮 𝐄%& ∙ 𝑑𝐚 = ∫! ∫! 𝐸%& 𝛒 > = 2𝜋𝜌ℓ 𝐸%&
 • For 𝜌 < 𝑅:
# ℓ $) -
2𝜋𝜌ℓ 𝐸%& = + ∫! ∫! ∫! 𝜌, (𝜌𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝜙 𝑑𝑧) 1
!
)ℓ-"
2𝜋𝜌ℓ 𝐸%& = +!
𝜌$

-
𝐸%& = $+" 𝜌 2
!

The total field intensity vector is given by the sum of 𝐄𝐢𝐧 and the field
intensity vector due to the point charge
𝐄0 = 𝐄%& + 𝐄1

- 2
𝐄0 = $+" 𝜌𝛒
>+
3)+ #
>
𝓻 1
! !𝓇
!.!!!6 !.!!3
𝐄0 = − (𝑥𝐱I + 𝑦𝐲I) + (𝑥𝐱I + (𝑦 + 0.2)𝐲I + 𝑧𝐳I)
$+! 3)+! (8 # 9(:9!.$)# 9< # )$/#
2
• For 𝜌 > 𝑅:
# ℓ $) @
2𝜋𝜌ℓ 𝐸=>? = + ∫! ∫! ∫! 𝜌, (𝜌𝑑𝜌 𝑑𝜙 𝑑𝑧) 1
!
)ℓ-"
2𝜋𝜌ℓ 𝐸=>? = +!
𝑅$

-
𝐸=>? = $+ "- 𝑅$ 2
!
The total field intensity vector is given by
𝐄0 = 𝐸=>? + 𝐄1

- 2
𝐄0 = $+ "- 𝑅$ 𝛒
>+
3)+ #
>
𝓻 1
! !𝓇
!.!!!6@ # !.!!3
𝐄0 = − $+ # #
(𝑥𝐱I + 𝑦𝐲I) + (𝑥𝐱I + (𝑦 + 0.2)𝐲I + 𝑧𝐳I)
! (8 9: ) 3)+! (8 # 9(:9!.$)# 9< # )$/#

2
(b) At (0,10m, 0) outside the cylinder
!.!!!6(!.$A) !.!!3
𝐄0 = − (10𝐲I) + (10.2𝐲I)
$!!+! 3)+! (#!3.!3)$⁄#
B.A×#!'( D.!6×#!'(
𝐄0 = − +!
𝐲I + +!
𝐲I
3.33×#!'(
𝐄0 = − +!
𝐲I = −5.015 × 10"A 𝐲I 2

(c) The electric field outside the cylinder along the y-axis is given by
)
𝑉'( = ∫) ! 𝐄T ∙ d𝐥 2
"
!.!!!6@ # !.!!3
𝐄0 = − 𝐲I + 3)+ #
𝐲I 1
$+! : ! (:9!.$)
 ', 0.00015 0.004
𝑉'( = ∫# 5− 𝐲6 + 𝐲6 7 ∙ d𝑦 𝐲6 1
2𝜖0 𝑦 4𝜋𝜖0 (𝑦+0.2)2
0.00015 0.004 ', 0.00015 10 0.004 1 1
𝑉'( = 5− 2𝜖0
ln 𝑦 −
4𝜋𝜖0 (𝑦+0.2)
7 =− 2𝜖0
ln 5 7 −
4 4𝜋𝜖0
510.2 − 4.27
#

6.872×10−5 4.458×10−5 2.414×10−5

𝑉'( = − 𝜖0
+
𝜖0
=−
𝜖0
V
𝑉'( = −2.738 × 106 V 2
2. A spherical charge cloud of radius 𝑅 = 0.5m centered at (0,0,1m) has uniform
volumetric density 𝜌, = +0.04 𝜇C/mD . A negative point charge 𝑄 = −0.02 𝜇C is
situated at (0,0, −1m).
(a) Find an expression for the electric field intensity 𝐄 inside and outside the sphere.
(b) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic intensity vector 𝐄 at
𝑃' (0,0,4m) and 𝑃( (0,0.2m, 1).
(c) Calculate the electrostatic potential at the center of the sphere.
The permittivity of vacuum 𝜖! = 8.8542 × 10"#$ C $ /N ∙ m$ .
.

(0,0,1m)
𝑅

𝜌!

(0,0, −1m)
𝑥 𝑄
𝐏𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞

(a) Inside the sphere

-" 𝓻SS 2
𝐄%& = D+!
> SS +
𝓻 3)+ #
>′
𝓻 2
! 𝓇S

The field outside the sphere

- @$ 2
> SS +
𝐄=>? = D+ "𝓻SS# 𝓻 # >′
𝓻 2
! 3)+! 𝓇 -

where
𝓻′ = 𝑥𝐱I + 𝑦𝐲I + (𝑧 + 1)𝐳I 1
and
𝓻′′ = 𝑥𝐱I + 𝑦𝐲I + (𝑧 − 1)𝐳I 1
 (b) The point 𝑃' (0,0,4m)is outside the sphere, hence,
3×#!'. ×!.#$A $×#!'.
𝐄(0,0,4m) = D+! (3"#)$
(3𝐳I) −
3)+! (39#)$
(5𝐳I) 2
A×#!'/ A×#!'/
𝐄(0,0,4m) = T $B+!
− $A)+!
U 𝐳I

𝐄(0,0,4m) = 13.725𝐳I V/m 1

The point 𝑃((0,0.2𝑚, 1) is inside the sphere, hence,

3×#!'. $×#!'.
𝐄(0,0.2m, 1) = D+!
(0.2𝐲I) −
3)+! (!.$# 9$# )$⁄#
(0.2𝐲I + 2𝐳I)) 2
T×#!'/ #!'/
𝐄(0,0.2m, 1) = D+!
𝐲I − T.#$!D )+ (𝐲I + 10𝐳I))
!

$.6B×#!'/ !.!DU$×#!'/ !.DU$×#!'/

𝐄(0,0.2m, 1) = +!
𝐲I − +!
𝐲I − +!
𝐳I

𝐄(0,0.2m, 1) = 296.75𝐲I − 44.27𝐳I 1

(c) The potential at the center of the sphere can be evaluated using

'.. '
𝑉 = − ∫/ 𝐄out ∙ d𝐥′ -− ∫'.. 𝐄in ∙ d𝐥′ 2

with d𝐥0 = 𝑑𝑧𝐳6 along the z-axis

'..
4 × 10−8 × 0.125 2 × 10−8
𝑉'( = − ? @ 𝐳6 − 𝐳6A ∙ 𝑑𝑧𝐳6
/ 3𝜖0 ( 𝑧 − 1)2 4𝜋𝜖0 (𝑧 + 1)2
'
4 × 10−8 (𝑧 − 1) 2 × 10−8
−? @ 𝐳6 − 𝐳6A ∙ 𝑑𝑧𝐳6
'.. 3𝜖0 4𝜋𝜖0 (𝑧 + 1)2
2
1.5 1
5×10−9 5×10−9 4×10−8 5×10−9
𝑉'( = 53𝜖 − 7 −5 B0.5𝑧2 − 𝑧C + 𝜋𝜖 7
0 (𝑧−1) 𝜋𝜖0 (𝑧+1) ∞ 3𝜖0 0 (𝑧+1) 1.5

2
−9 −9 −8 −8 −9 −9
5×10 5×10 4×10 4×10 5×10 5×10
𝑉'( = 3𝜖 − − (0.5 − 1) + (0.5(2.25) − 1.5) − +
0 (0.5) 2.5𝜋𝜖0 3𝜖0 3𝜖0 2𝜋𝜖0 2.5𝜋𝜖0
−8 −8 −8 −9
10 2×10 1.5×10 5×10
𝑉'( = + − −
3𝜖0 3𝜖0 3𝜖0 2𝜋𝜖0

1.5×10−8 5×10−9
𝑉'( = − = 1604.2 V 2
𝜖0 2𝜋𝜖0
 3. A charge cloud of volumetric density 𝜌, (𝑟) = 0.0005 𝑟 C/mD A exists inside a
spherical shell of inner and outer radii radius 𝑎 = 1 m and 𝑏 = 2 m. Use Gauss’s law
to find the Electric field intensity vector inside the shell at 𝑟 = 1.2 m, and outside it at
𝑟 = 4 m. What is the total electrostatic energy of this distribution of charges?

𝜌!

(a) For 𝑎 > 𝑟

𝐄( 𝑟 ) = 0 1

For 𝑏 > 𝑟 > 𝑎

3 1#
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 ∫4 𝑟 ( 𝑑𝑟 2
2$
3 0.0005
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 ∫4 𝑟 $ 𝑑𝑟
2$

.×',%&
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 (𝑟 # − 𝑎# )
#2$

.×',%&
𝐄( 𝑟 ) = (𝑟 # − 𝑎# )𝐫6 2
#2$ 3 !

∴ 𝐄(1.2m) = 1.05 × 106 𝐫6 2

For 𝑟 > 𝑏
7 1#
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 ∫4 𝑟 ( 𝑑𝑟 2
2$
7 0.0005
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 ∫4 𝑟 $ 𝑑𝑟
2$
 .×',%&
𝐸 (4𝜋𝑟 ( ) = 4𝜋 (𝑏 # − 𝑎# )
#2$

.×',%&
𝐄( 𝑟 ) = (𝑏 # − 𝑎# )𝐫6 2
#2$ 3 !

∴ 𝐄(4m) = 1.32 × 106 𝐫6 2

+!
(b) 𝑊 = ∭`aa bc`de $
𝐸 𝟐 (𝐫) 𝑑𝒯 2

$ $
+! f 5×10−4 +! h 5×10−4 4
𝑊= ∫
$ g
` 4𝜖 𝑟2 a𝑟4 − 𝑎4 bc 4𝜋𝑟 𝑑𝑟 +$
∫
$ f
` 4𝜖 𝑟2 T𝑏 − 𝑎4 Uc 4𝜋𝑟 $ 𝑑𝑟 2
0 0

Fff
10−6 ) f 𝑎8 10−6 ) 4 $ h 1
𝑊= ∫ T 𝑟6
D$𝜖0 g
− 2𝑎4 𝑟 $ + 𝑟2 U 𝑑𝑟 + D$𝜖0
T𝑏 − 𝑎4 U ∫f 𝑟2
𝑑𝑟

7 3
10−6 ) 𝑏 𝑎7 2𝑎4 𝑏 2𝑎7 𝑎8 10−6 ) 7 𝑎8
𝑊= D$𝜖0
dB − B
− D
+ D
− 𝑏
+ 𝑎7 e + D$𝜖0
T𝑏 − 2𝑎4 𝑏3 + 𝑏 U

10−6 ) T𝑏7 32𝑎7 8𝑎4 𝑏3

𝑊= D$𝜖0
dB + $#
− D
e

10−6 ) 7 3
𝑊= T3𝜖0
T3𝑏 + 4𝑎7 − 7𝑎4 𝑏 U 2

10−6 )
𝑊= T3𝜖0
a3 × 27 + 4 − 7 × 23 b

10−6 )
𝑊= T3𝜖0
(332) = 1.4 × 106 J 1

Another method uses the expression:

-
𝑊 = ∭0ie bieaa $" 𝑉(𝐫) 𝑑𝒯

For 𝑏 > 𝑟 > 𝑎

𝐫
𝑉(𝑟) = − ∫h 𝐄(𝐫′) ∙ 𝑑𝐥′

f 5×10−4 4 k 5×10−4 4
𝑉(𝑟) = − ∫h 2 T𝑏 − 𝑎4 U 𝑑𝑟′ − ∫f 2 T𝑟′ − 𝑎4 U 𝑑𝑟′
4𝜖0 𝑟′ 4𝜖0 𝑟′
 5×10−4 4
−4
4 U − 5×10 d𝑟
3 𝑏3 𝑎4 𝑎4
𝑉(𝑟) = 4𝜖0 𝑏
T𝑏 − 𝑎 4𝜖0 D
− D
+ k
− fe
−4 3 3 4
5×10 𝑟 3𝑏 𝑎
𝑉(𝑟) = − 4𝜖 d D − D + k e
0

-"
𝑊 = ∭0ie bieaa $
𝑉(𝑟) 𝑑𝒯
# f l5×10−4 m 𝑟3 3𝑏
3
𝑎4
𝑊 = − $ ∫g a5 × 10−4 b𝑟 4𝜖0
dD − D
+ k e 4𝜋𝑟 $ 𝑑𝑟

3
10−6 ) f 𝑟6 3𝑏 k $
𝑊=− T𝜖0
∫g d D − D
+ 𝑎4 𝑟 $ e 𝑑𝑟

10−6 ) 𝑏7 𝑏7
3 3
𝑎7 g2 𝑏 g2 𝑏 g3
𝑊=− T𝜖0
d $#
− $#
− D
+ D
+ D
− D
e

10−6 ) 6𝑏7 8𝑎7 $𝑎4 𝑏

3
𝑊=− T𝜖0
d− $#
− $#
+ D
e

7 3
10−6 ) 6𝑏 8𝑎7 $𝑎4 𝑏
𝑊= T𝜖0
d $# + $#
− D
e

10−6 ) 7 3
𝑊= T3𝜖0
T3𝑏 + 4𝑎7 − 7𝑎4 𝑏 U

10−6 )
𝑊= T3𝜖0
a3 × 27 + 4 − 7 × 23 b

10−6 )
𝑊= T3𝜖0
(332) = 1.4 × 106 J