HISTORY (851)

CLASS XII
There will be two papers in the subject: Muslim League’s Direct Action and its
Paper I: Theory 3 hours ------ 80 marks impact.
Paper II: Project Work --------20 marks 1947: Attlee’s Declaration of 20th February
1947; Mountbatten Plan – main features:
PAPER I (THEORY) – 80 Marks reasons for acceptance of the Plan by
major political parties.
SECTION A Modifications in the Indian Independence
Act.
INDIAN HISTORY
2. Establishment of Indian democracy (1947 –
1. Towards Independence and Partition: the
1966)
Last Phase (1935-1947)
(i) The main objectives and growth of the The following should be discussed:
Kisan Sabha movement. (i) The role of Sardar Patel in the
(ii) Growth of communalism (Hindu & reorganization and integration of princely
Muslim) (1930s-1940s).
(iii) Government of India Act, 1935. states.
(ii) Problems of integrating Junagarh,
The main features of Government of India
Act, 1935 should be explained. A critical Hyderabad and Kashmir.
account of the election of 1937. A summary (iii) First general election (1952): problems of
of the main developments under Congress preparation and their solutions, process,
and non-Congress ministries should be result and impact of the elections.
included.
(iv) The linguistic reorganization of states:
(iv) National Movement during the Second
Features of the States Reorganisation Act,
World War:
1956 with particular reference to Andhra,
Reasons behind the August Offer and the
Cripps Mission. The proposals and the Bombay and Punjab.
reasons for their rejection leading directly 3. Development of Indian Democracy (1964 –
to the Quit India Resolution. A compact 1977)
account of the movement, its suppression
and a brief analysis of its significance. The following to be discussed:
(v) Subhash Chandra Bose and the INA. (i) Lal Bahadur Shastri – his contributions as
Prime Minister
Bose’s organisation of the INA, a brief
account of its operations, eventual defeat (ii) Importance of the election of 1967
and significance. (iii) Main Opposition political parties and their
(vi) Transfer of power (1945-1947): ideologies – Socialist Party (SP);
Reasons for change in the attitude of the Communist Party of India (CPI);
British government after World War II. Communist Party of India (Marxist
Cabinet Mission: its aims and major (CPI(M)); Bharatiya Jan Sangh;
provisions. Shiromani Akali Dal.
Controversy between Congress and League (iv) Naxal Movement: factors of its rise; main
over the question of: (a) grouping of leaders (Charu Majumdar and Kanu
provinces under the terms of the Plan Sanyal); areas where they operated (West
(b) being part of the Constituent Assembly Bengal and Andhra Pradesh) and the
(c) being part of the Interim Government. struggle carried out by peasants and
Election to the Constituent Assembly and students.; government measures against it;
the results.

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 reasons for its decline in the 1970’s and its (ii) Pakistan (1947-49, 1965, 1971)
impact. Indo-Pak wars: causes, course and
(v) JP Movement (1974-75): Origin: Jai consequences of each to be done
Prakash Narayan’s disputes with Mrs. separately.
Gandhi; main features of its course.
(iii) Sino-Indian War
Assessment of its significance.
(vi) Emergency (1975-76): reasons for Disputes with the Peoples’ Republic of
imposition; main features of the China over (a) Tibet issue: Chinese
suspension of democratic rights. takeover and asylum of the Dalai Lama in
Assessment of its impact (positive and India; (b) Border issues.
negative aspects). Sino-Indian War (1962): immediate causes
and consequences.
4. Changing face of the Indian Democracy
(1977 – 1986) 6. Movements for Women’s Rights
(i) The Janata Government (1977 – 1979). Towards Equality Report (1974) - aims,
significance and recommendations.
Elections of 1977: establishment of the
Janata Government; its policies and their Developments in the anti-dowry movement and
implementation; reasons for its downfall. struggle against domestic violence in the 1970s
and 1980s.
(ii) Centre-State relations
Measures undertaken by the government in
(a) Punjab: Demands of the Akali Dal;
response.
Anandpur Sahib Resolution; 1977
elections; formation of Akali SECTION B
government; rise of Bhindranwale – WORLD HISTORY
his demands and methods.
Centre’s response: Operation Bluestar 7. World War II
– its results and impact. Punjab (i) Factors leading to the War: aggressive
Accord, 1985. foreign policies of Germany, Italy and
(b) Assam: Reasons for Assamese
Japan.
discontent; course of Assam’s
agitation; the Centre’s response: Should be discussed to show how these
Assam Accord, 1985. aggressive policies made war more likely
(c) Nagaland: The Nagas’ separatist and worldwide in scope.
demands; birth of Nagaland state; (ii) Anglo-French appeasement policies.
course of the agitation; Shillong
Accord, 1975. Appeasement: why Britain and France
(d) Mizoram: chose to follow this policy and how it was
Mizoram Movement (1959-1986): carried out.
course and resolution. (iii) Course of the invasion by the Axis powers
5. India’s Foreign Policy in Europe and Asia (1939-1941).
(iv) Reasons for the defeat of the Axis Powers.
(i) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Reasons for following a non-aligned policy 8. De-colonisation – in Asia (China) and Africa
in the context of the Cold War. (Ghana & Kenya)
(i) China:
Aims – Panchsheel.
A short background of the problems facing
Establishment of NAM at the Bandung and
the Communists in 1949: in agriculture,
Belgrade conferences. the gradual process from land distribution
to collective farms should be outlined; in

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 industry, the Five Year Plan and Soviet (iii) Second Wave Feminist Movement in USA
help. (early 1960s – early 1980’s): reasons for
The Great Leap Forward should be its origin (the impact of the Presidential
covered in more detail, particularly the Commission, Betty Friedan’s book and the
development of commune and assessment Civil Rights Movement; Equal Pay Act of
of the GLF. 1963 – its implications for American
women, successive measures taken by
(ii) Ghana: democracy and dictatorship (1957-
66). Johnson (Civil Rights Act of 1964), role of
National Organisation for Women (NOW)
Brief background to independence, and its campaign for the Equal Rights
Nkrumah’s role, reasons for his overthrow. Amendment (ERA).
(iii) Kenya: conflict and independence (1947 –
11. Middle East: Israeli-Palestine conflict
1964).
(1916-1993)
Conflict with whites over independence and
(i) Post War conflict in Palestine after World
role of Kenyatta.
War I, till the formation of the state of
9. Cold War 1945-91– origin, course, end and Israel.
impact Aims of Arab nationalism and Zionism.
Impact of World War I: the conflicting
(i) Origins of the Cold War: End of wartime
promises made by the British to the
unity; Yalta and Potsdam Conferences;
Arabs and the Jews: Husain-MacMahon
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan;
correspondence, the Sykes-Picot
Molotov Plan, COMECON and
Agreement and the Balfour Declaration.
Cominform. The rift widens - Soviet
expansion in Eastern Europe (1945-1948) (ii) The Arab-Israeli Wars from 1948 to Camp
including the communist coup in David Accord (1979).
Czechoslovakia. The following conflicts should be studied –
(ii) Breakup of the USSR & changes in Eastern First Arab- Israeli Conflict (1948-1949),
Europe – USSR, Germany and Poland. the Suez Crisis (1956), the Six Day War
(1967), the Yom Kippur War (1973), Sadat
Reasons for collapse of USSR and the Camp David Accord (1979).
Political changes; Coup of 1991; Demand For each of these events, the causes and
for independence by the Soviet republics results should be studied in detail.
leading to the breakup of USSR.
The origin and formation of the PLO.
Fall of communism in East Europe in the
(iii) Oslo Peace Accords (1993).
following countries: Poland and Germany.
Intifada and the change in attitude of
10. Protest Movements Israel and the PLO leading to the Oslo
Civil Rights Movement, anti-Apartheid Peace Accords: assessment of the main
Movement; Feminist Movement. features: why it failed to bring peace.
(i) Racial problems and civil rights in USA in
the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s: Racial PAPER II (PROJECT WORK)
discrimination, change in the government’s - 20 MARKS
attitude, campaign for equal rights Candidates will be required to undertake one
(Dr. Martin Luther King’s role). project on any one of the following history topics
(ii) Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa from the 20th-21st (till 2012) centuries
(1948-1994): main features of Apartheid, (India/World).
opposition to Apartheid (Dr Nelson 1. Politics – leadership, domestic policy, foreign
Mandela’s role), transition to black policy.
majority rule and the end of Apartheid.

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2. Military – any war: causes, course and List of suggested Projects:
consequences. Strategies & tactics. 1. Leaders – e.g., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Noor
Technology. Outcome: peace settlements. Inayat Khan, Surya Sen, Vinoba Bhave, Sun
3. Economy – economic policy: terms and Yat Sen, Golda Meir, Sirimavo Bandaranaike,
impact. Currency, communication, trade. Margaret Thatcher, etc.
Agriculture and industry. 2. Radical organisations – ideologies, acts and
4. Society & culture – Traditions, food, clothing, impact. E.g., KKK, Al Qaeda, Boko Haram, Al-
festivals, role and status of women, education, Shabaab, Sendero Luminoso, Khmer Rouge,
art, architecture, sculpture, music, dance, Japanese Red Army, etc.
literature.
3. Protests Movements – political ideologies, civil
5. Religion – philosophy, ideas, beliefs, practices, rights, workers, caste, environment. E.g., Arab
impact. Spring, Chipko Movement, Black Lives Matter,
The project may be in any one of the following Dalit Panther Movement, etc.
categories:
4. UN – Peacekeeping actions and Weaknesses.
1. A case study.
5. Regional Organizations and their contributions
2. A field visit/ investigation.
– E.g., SAARC, ASEAN, EU, AU, etc.
3. A local history.
6. Growth of feminist movements in India /the
4. Interview/oral evidence.
West.
5. Book review/ film review/ posters/ newspapers/
advertisements/ cartoons and art. 7. Music /art as a medium of protest.
8. Books that have had a profound effect on
The project may or may not be based on the
society.
syllabus; students must be encouraged to produce
original, creative and insightful perspectives on an 9. Wars – e.g., contribution of Indian soldiers to
allied aspect of the topic. the World Wars; role of colonial armies in the
World Wars; guerrilla wars (e.g. Vietnam War),
The written outcome of the project, in the form
etc.
of 800–1500-word essay, should be structured as
given below:
• Introduction - Background and context to be The Project will be assessed by the teacher and a
discussed very briefly. Visiting Examiner appointed locally and
approved by the Council.
• Main body - Explanation, Interpretation,
Analysis and Critical Evaluation of a range of
evidence: the research material gathered by the
student.

• Conclusion - Brief summing up of the topic.

• Bibliography – a list of all material referred to
in the essay, including print, electronic, oral &
audio-visual material, referenced correctly, in a
standard format.
• Appendix – optional, only if it is crucial for the
better understanding of the project essay.

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Assessment of Project Work will be done as GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS:
follows:
1. It must be emphasized that the process of doing
1. Internal Evaluation by Teacher 10 Marks the project is as important as the finished
2. Evaluation by Visiting Examiner 10 Marks product.
TOTAL 20 Marks 2. Once the project/projects are chosen, there
should be a process of brainstorming to
Internal Evaluation by the Teacher: encourage students to make out a draft/structure
for the project before embarking on research.
Assessment Criteria Marks 3. During the brainstorming/discussion, the
objective teacher should discuss the assessment criteria
1. Process Candidate should 3 with the students.
be able to: 4. The teacher should discuss the draft with the
Identify the topic. student with regard to the central question and
Plan and detail a the type of sources to be used.
research project.
5. The students should be guided on doing the
2. Understanding, Candidate should 4 research and looking at different types of
application of be able to: evidence.
knowledge and Explain issues and
Analysis themes clearly and 6. Books and suitable reference materials could be
in context. suggested and even put up on the library notice
Interpret, analyse board for guidance of the students.
and evaluate 7. Internet sites could be suggested, but care must
critically the topic. be taken in selecting, using and citing these
3. Presentation Overall format 3 sites.
and referencing, 8. Students must be cautioned against plagiarism
title page and and be penalized for the same.
bibliography. 9. Marks must be awarded for content and
TOTAL 10 originality and not for decorative elements and
Evaluation by the Visiting Examiner: embellishments.
10. Projects must be the original work of the
Assessment Criteria Marks student.
objective
1. Choice of Overall format, 4
Technique/ referencing, title
Detailed procedure page and
& Presentation bibliography.
2. Analysis and Candidates should 3
evaluation be able to:
Interpret, analyze
and evaluate
critically a range of
evidence.
3. Viva Range of questions 3
based on the project
only.
TOTAL 10

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