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    Nabila Qna XM

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    skmahfuzahmed.bd3
    The document discusses nucleophilic addition reactions and nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and outlines their distinct reaction mechanisms and the functional groups involved. Acetic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol because the acetate ion formed from acetic acid can be stabilized by resonance, while the ethoxide ion from ethanol cannot be stabilized.

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    Nabila Qna XM

    Uploaded by

    skmahfuzahmed.bd3
    18 views2 pages
    The document discusses nucleophilic addition reactions and nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and outlines their distinct reaction mechanisms and the functional groups involved. Acetic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol because the acetate ion formed from acetic acid can be stabilized by resonance, while the ethoxide ion from ethanol cannot be stabilized.

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    nabila qna xm

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    The document discusses nucleophilic addition reactions and nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and outlines their distinct reaction mechanisms and the functional groups involved. Acetic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol because the acetate ion formed from acetic acid can be stabilized by resonance, while the ethoxide ion from ethanol cannot be stabilized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views2 pages

    Nabila Qna XM

    Uploaded by

    skmahfuzahmed.bd3
    The document discusses nucleophilic addition reactions and nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. It provides examples of each type of reaction and outlines their distinct reaction mechanisms and the functional groups involved. Acetic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol because the acetate ion formed from acetic acid can be stabilized by resonance, while the ethoxide ion from ethanol cannot be stabilized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    3.

    a) Synthesize the following alcohols from Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds, giving all
    reagents used in the reaction steps.

    i) 2-Methyl-2-propanol

    ii) 4-Methyl-1-pentanol

    Answer:

    i)

    ii)

    b) Compare and contrast between nucleophilic addition reaction and nucleophilic acyl substitution
    reaction, emphasizing on reaction mechanisms and giving examples.

    Answer

    Nucleophilic addition reaction and nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction are two types of organic
    reactions that involve the participation of a nucleophile. Although both reactions involve the attack of a
    nucleophile on an electrophilic center, they differ in terms of their reaction mechanisms and the
    functional groups involved.

    Nucleophilic Addition Reaction:

    Nucleophilic addition reactions occur when a nucleophile attacks an electrophilic center, resulting in the
    addition of the nucleophile to the substrate molecule. These reactions are commonly observed in
    compounds with double or triple bonds, such as alkenes or alkynes. The reaction mechanism typically
    involves the following steps:

    a. The nucleophile approaches the electrophilic center (e.g., a carbon-carbon double bond) and donates
    its electron pair.

    b. The electrophilic center forms a new bond with the nucleophile, breaking the existing π bond.

    c. The reaction generates a new compound with a saturated functional group.

    Example: The addition of hydrogen bromide (HBr) to ethene (C2H4) is a nucleophilic addition reaction.
    In this case, the nucleophile is the bromide ion (Br-) and it attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the
    double bond in ethene. The result is the formation of bromoethane (C2H5Br).

    Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction:

    Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions occur when a nucleophile replaces a leaving group in an acyl
    group (R-C=O). These reactions are commonly observed in compounds containing acyl derivatives, such
    as carboxylic acids, acid halides, acid anhydrides, and esters. The reaction mechanism typically involves
    the following steps:

    a. The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl group, leading to the formation of a
    tetrahedral intermediate.

    b. The leaving group (usually a halide or an alcohol) departs, resulting in the formation of a new bond
    between the nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon.

    c. The reaction generates a new compound with a substituted acyl group.

    Example: The reaction between acetic acid (CH3COOH) and ammonia (NH3) is a nucleophilic acyl
    substitution reaction. In this case, the nucleophile is the ammonia molecule, and it replaces the leaving
    group (OH) in the acetic acid molecule. The result is the formation of acetamide (CH3CONH2).

    In summary, nucleophilic addition reactions involve the addition of a nucleophile to a substrate, typically
    a compound with double or triple bonds. On the other hand, nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions
    involve the substitution of a leaving group in an acyl derivative. The reaction mechanisms and the
    functional groups involved in these reactions are distinct, leading to different products.

    e) Why is acetic acid stronger acid than ethanol? Justify.

    answer

    Acetic acid is a stronger acid than ethanol because the acetate ion formed by ionization is stabilized by
    resonance while the ethoxide ion has no resonance.

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