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    Title: 1 Definition of Algebraic Stack and Fibre Products

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    Title: 1 Definition of Algebraic Stack and Fibre Products

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    Title: 1 Definition of Algebraic Stack and Fibre Products

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Title

    Jia Jia

    April 8, 2022

    Let S denote a fixed base scheme and we work over the category of S-schemes with the
    étale topology.

    1 Definition of algebraic stack and fibre products


    Definition 1.1. A morphism of stacks f : X → Y is representable if for every scheme U
    and morphism y : U → Y is the fibre product

    X ×Y ,y U

    is an algebraic space.

    Remark 1.2. Let S be a scheme contained in Schfppf . A category fibred in groupoids p : X →


    (Sch/S)fppf is called representable by an algebraic space over S if there exists an algebraic
    space F over S and an equivalence j : X → SF of categories over (Sch/S)fppf .

    Lemma 1.3. If a morphism of stacks f : X → Y is representable, then for every algebraic


    space V and morphism y : V → Y the fibre product V ×Y X is an algebraic space.

    Proof. Indeed, the fibre product V ×Y X is equivalent to a sheaf since the condition that
    the objects of this stack have no nontrivial automorphisms can be verified after making an
    étale base change U → V with U a scheme. The result therefore follows from exercise 5.G
    applied to V ×Y X → V .

    Definition 1.4. A stack X /S is an algebraic stack if the following hold:

    (i) The diagonal


    ∆ : X → X ×S X

    is representable.

    1
    1 DEFINITION OF ALGEBRAIC STACK AND FIBRE PRODUCTS 2

    (ii) There exists a smooth surjective morphism π : X → X with X a scheme.

    A morphism of algebraic stacks f : X → Y is a morphism of stacks.

    Remark 1.5. Being an algebraic stack is property of fibred categories over the category of
    S-schemes. Morphisms of algebraic stacks are defined to be morphisms of fibred categories.
    In particular, for two algebraic stacks X and Y over S we have a category of morphism
    HOMS (X , Y ).
    Remark 1.6. Note that condition (i) implies that every morphism t : T → X , with T a
    scheme, is representable. Indeed, if u : U → X is another morphism from a scheme, then
    the fibre product
    U ×u,X ,t T

    is isomorphic to the fibre product of the diagram

    U ×S T
    u×t
    
    X
    ∆ / X ×S X

    and therefore the fibre product is an algebraic space by (i). It therefore make sense to talk
    about a smooth surjective morphism X → X as in (ii).

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