Tourism As A System

Tourism as a system
The standpoint of the planners an developers of tourism, many parts and actors are so numerous
and complicated that they seem to defy any order. Owner developers of traveler lodging for example
create a vision of the ultimate finished project and it’s management. Although this approach has been
used in hotel education and practice, it is part but not whole of tourism. Internal operational management
may include a good product, high level of service, and excellent managerial practices, and yet not fulfill
it’s role in tourism. Tourism cannot be planned without understanding the interrelationships among the
several parts of the supply side, especially as they relate to market demand.
Demand Supply Match

In order to satisfy the market demand, a nation, region, or community must be able to provide
a variety of development and services the supply side. It is at the destination and site levels that demand
supply linkage is especially important. At the site level designers/developers must be cognizant of
market segment requirements and yet adapt development in balance with local resources. It is clear that
preferred demand supply match must be evaluated case by case.
As any manufactures knows, the best product to manufacture is one that is appealing or
preferred of the demand side of tourism reveals four major factors. Forecasting of travel demand is
desired by the planner but is one of the most difficult things to accomplish.
Market Segmentation
Market segmentation has eben defined by Kotler as the subdividing of a market into
homogeneous susbsets of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected as a market
target. Fot tourist market segmentation, many researchers have in the past put forward models
of classification. By James Burke and Barry Resnick said to put forward and divides tourism
markets into four segments – demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioristic. A
generalized market segmentation especially important to physical tourism planning is by
activities dependent upon development using natural or cultural resources.
Components Of Supply
Equally important in the functioning tourism system is the driving force of the supply side all
the objects and services that are provided to meet demand. For purposes of planning, the supply side
could be described as including five major components as attractions, promotion, transportation,
information, and services.
Attractions
Scope
Attractions are those developed locations that are planned and managed for visitor interest,
activity, and enjoyment. Although of current attractions could be classified in several ways. Offerde
here are three classification such by ownership, resource foundation, and touring or long stay.
Planning Considerations
Attraction are places in which the entire array of physical features and services are provided for
an assumed capacity of visitors. Again, market and supply are the two sides of tourism that require close
examination for attraction planning. In today tourism, the minor and isolated attraction requires so much
time and effort by the visitor to reach that It is seldom worth it. Linkage between attraction and services
is important. Attraction although fulfilling a major portion of the travel experience, need support by
travel services.
Services
Scope
This category is most frequently called the “ hospitality service industry. “ For examples like
hotels, restaurant, and retail shops offer specific products and services.
Service Sponsorship
Commercial tourist services and facilities operate with the same purpose as all other business
to make a profit. To earn enough to cover the genuine costs which only the so called profit that can
cover is economic and social responsibility indeed it is the specific social and economic responsibility
of the business. For the planning of tourist services and facilities it may be helpful to recognize
differences among four types of ownership management.
• The independent ownership and management.

• The franchise.
• Quasi governmental commercial operations.
• Non profit organizations.
Transportation
Scope
In contrast to a person work transportation, which usually employs only one mode, it is not
unusual for a modern tourist to utilize several modes on one trip. Passenger transportation is a vital
component of the tourist system. It provides the critical linkage between market source and destination.
Therefore, in the planning for tourism development, it is essential to consider all travel modes for people
movement throughout the circuit in order to reduce its frition as much as possible.
The transportation sector must include tourism in its plans. Tourist demand is seldom directed
toward a single transportation mode as created by business and government. Transportation is more
than engineering. Greater sensitivity to the human dimensions of travelers is required for transportation
planning.
Information
Scope
Important component of the tourism system is traveler information. Advertising is intended to
attract whereas information with promotion. Example like the Canadian museum of civilization,
entertains the visitor with a variety of exhibits, live presentations, and cineplus.
Information system are not promotion. Generally, roadside billboards are of greater scenic
destructive value than either informative or promotion value for travelers. A national guidance system
is ideal. Example such as Australia and great Britain have planned and established networks of
information centers of great value to the traveler.
Promotion
Of great in promoting tourism is the recent explosion in the use of the internet and e business.
Tourism promotion is a major policy and program activity of many nations, provinces, states,
governmental developments, and business. Even though promotion is an important tool for increasing
economic impact.
External Factors
Planning cannot be concerned solely with the core of the tourism system because all sectors
may be as subject to outside influences as those under their own control. Several factors can have great
influence on how tourism is developed ( Functioning Tourism System ) :
• Natural Resources
• Cultural Resources
• Organization Leadership
• Finance
• Labor
• Entrepreneurship
• Community
• Competition
• Governmental Policies
Conclusions
Every stakeholder of tourism will gain not lose by making plans in the context of tourism as a
system. Certainly the business sector of tourism will benefit greatly when it takes advantage of the
complementary action. And finally the tourist and the travel experience the true product and purpose of
all tourism development will gain because the system is working in greater harmony.

Tourism As A System

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Tourism as a system

Demand Supply Match

• The independent ownership and management.

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