INTERNSHIP REPORT

on
“Web Development”

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY,

PUNE IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE

OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (COMPUTER

ENGINEERING) SUBMITTED BY

Kalpesh Gopinath Bansode

T.E.Comp
Roll no : 09

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Pune District Education Association’s

College of Engineering , Manjari (Bk),Pune

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2022-23

 Department of Computer
Engineering, PDEA’s College of
Engineering , Manjari(BK”),
Pune-412-307

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Kalpesh Gopinath Bansode from Third Year

Computer Engineering has successfully completed his internship work on ’’Web

development” from Provoke Developers at PDEA’s College of Engineering,

Manjari (BK”),Pune 412307 the partial fulfillment of the Bachelor’s Degree in

Computer Engineering.

Date :- / / 2023

Dr.M.P.Borwake Dr.M.P.Borawake Dr.R.V.Patil

(Internal Guide) ( Internship ( HOD & Principle )
Coordinator)
 DECLARATION

I, hereby declare that the work incorporated in this report entitled “Web
development” from Kalpesh Gopinath Bansode in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Computer Engineering (6th Semester) is
the outcome of the original study undertaken by me/us and it has not been
submitted earlier to any other University or Institution for the award of any Degree
or Diploma.

Date: /05/2023

Place: Pune

(Kalpesh Gopinath Bansode)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to our Internship
Guide Dr.M.P.Borawake for his encouragement, guidance, and insight throughout the
internship work. He truly exemplifies the merit of technical excellence and academic wisdom.
His extensive knowledge, serious research attitude and encouragement were extremely valuable
to us. I also appreciate not only for his professional, timely and valuable advices, but also for his
continuous scheduled follow up and valuable comments during our internship work. I am also
very grateful to Dr.M.P. Borawake (HOD, Computer Engineering Department) for devoting
time from his busy schedule to provide valuable comments and suggestions on this work.
Special thanks go to Dr. R. V. Patil (Principal) for his encouragement to complete curriculum in
time.

Name: Kalpesh Gopinath Bansode

Roll No : 09
Class : T.E Computer
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is a detailed overview of my internship journey at Provoke Developers.

During my Internship I have learned a lot about Java development. I have known about the
workflow of I.T. companies along with the functions in I.T sector. I have learned to work in a
corporate space which not only enriched me professionally but also helped me grow personally
as well. My contribution was appreciated by my supervisor and other members of the
department. The career path I would be selecting for myself is quite influenced from my
internship as I have had a great opportunity to practically see how I.T sector. However, this
report has been written in a short time. I have tried my level best to make it meaningful by
reflecting my works at the Provoke Dev. Also, I have summarized my overall experience, with
my learning and challenges faced as an intern.
INTERNSHIP OFFER LETTER
INTERNSHIP COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS TITLE PAGE NO

CHAPTER 1 Introduction of the topic 1-6
CHAPTER 2 Profile of the industry and company 7-9
CHAPTER 3 Review of Literature 10-11

CHAPTER 4 Research Methodology 12-11

4.1 Objectives of study 12-16

4.2 Scope of study 17-20

4.3 Research design and methodology 21-29

4.4 Statistical tool 30-32

CHAPTER 5 Finding and Limitation 33-36

CHAPTER 6 Conclusion and suggestions 37

CHAPTER 7 Bibilography and Referrence 38

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

What is Web Development using nextjs?

Next.js is a popular framework for server-side rendering and static site generation in React.
React, on the other hand, is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. Both Next.js
and React.js are commonly used for web development and have become increasingly
popular in recent years.

Here are some of the key differences between Next.js and React.js:

1. Server-side rendering: Next.js provides server-side rendering (SSR) out of the box,
which means that pages can be rendered on the server and delivered to the client as HTML,
improving performance and search engine optimization. React, on the other hand, requires
additional configuration and libraries to achieve SSR.

2. Routing: Next.js includes a built-in routing system that simplifies the process of creating
routes for your application. In React, routing is typically handled using third-party libraries
such as React Router.

3. Data fetching: Next.js includes several features for data fetching, such as automatic
static optimization and incremental static regeneration. React, however, does not provide
these features out of the box, and they must be implemented using third-party libraries or
custom code.

4. Deployment: Next.js makes it easy to deploy your application to platforms such as

Vercel, which provides a seamless deployment experience with built-in support for
serverless functions. React, on the other hand, does not have built-in deployment
capabilities, and deployment must be configured manually.

In summary, Next.js provides a more complete framework for building web applications,
including built-in support for server-side rendering, routing, and data fetching. React, on

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 the other hand, is a library that provides the core functionality for building user interfaces
and requires additional configuration and libraries to achieve the same level of
functionality as Next.js.

● Next.js is a popular framework for building server-side rendered and static web
applications using React. Here are some of the applications of Next.js:
●
● 1. E-commerce websites: Next.js is ideal for building e-commerce websites that require
fast loading times, SEO optimization, and dynamic data fetching. Its server-side
rendering capabilities enable fast page loads and efficient content delivery, which can
enhance the user experience and improve search engine visibility.
● 2. Content-driven websites: Next.js is also well-suited for building content-driven
websites, such as blogs, news websites, and publishing platforms. Its static site
generation capabilities enable pre-rendering of pages, which results in faster load times
and improved SEO.

● 3. Progressive web applications: Next.js can be used to build progressive web

applications (PWAs) that offer a native app-like experience. PWAs built with Next.js are
optimized for mobile devices, offer offline functionality, and can be installed on the
home screen of a device.

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● 4. Serverless applications: Next.js can also be used to build serverless applications that
run on cloud platforms such as AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Functions. Its built-in
support for serverless functions enables developers to easily create and deploy serverless
APIs and backend services.

● 5. Enterprise applications: Next.js is suitable for building large-scale enterprise

applications that require scalability, security, and performance. Its advanced features,
such as incremental static regeneration, can improve performance and scalability while
ensuring data consistency and security.

● In summary, Next.js can be used to build a wide range of web applications, from simple
blogs and e-commerce websites to complex enterprise applications and progressive web
applications. Its powerful features, such as server-side rendering and static site
generation, make it a popular choice for developers looking to build fast, efficient, and
scalable web applications.

Certainly! Here are some deep insights you can include in your internship report focused
on web development using Next.js as the frontend language and Firebase as the backend:

1. Introduction to Next.js:
- Explain the benefits of using Next.js for web development, such as server-side
rendering, automatic code splitting, and simplified routing.
- Discuss how Next.js enhances the performance and user experience of web
applications by providing optimized rendering and caching mechanisms.

2. Overview of Firebase:
- Introduce Firebase as a comprehensive platform for developing web and mobile
applications.
- Highlight Firebase's key features, including real-time database, authentication, cloud
functions, and hosting.
- Discuss the advantages of using Firebase, such as its scalability, real-time updates,
and easy integration with other Google Cloud services.

3. Architecture and Technology Stack:

- Describe the architecture of your web application, focusing on the separation of the
frontend and backend.
- Explain how Next.js handles server-side rendering and client-side rendering, and how
it interacts with the Firebase backend.
- Provide details on the technologies and tools used, such as React.js for the frontend,
Next.js framework, and Firebase services (Firestore for database, Authentication for user
management, etc.).

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4. Implementation Details:
- Discuss the specific features and functionalities you developed during your internship.
- Explain the process of integrating Next.js with Firebase, including the setup,
configuration, and authentication implementation.
- Describe how you utilized Next.js components, routing, and data fetching
mechanisms to create dynamic and responsive user interfaces.

5. Performance Optimization:
- Explain how you optimized the performance of your web application using Next.js
and Firebase.
- Discuss techniques like code splitting, lazy loading, and caching implemented in
Next.js to reduce initial load time and improve page rendering speed.
- Highlight Firebase's real-time database capabilities and how they contributed to a
seamless user experience.

6. Testing and Deployment:

- Discuss the testing methodologies used to ensure the reliability and functionality of
the web application.
- Explain how you deployed the application on Firebase hosting, including the
configuration process and any considerations for production deployment.
- Describe how you monitored and analyzed the application's performance using
Firebase analytics and other relevant tools.

7. Challenges and Learnings:

- Share any challenges you encountered during the development process and how you
overcame them.
- Discuss the lessons learned, including best practices for frontend and backend
integration, code organization, and performance optimization.
- Reflect on the overall experience and how it contributed to your growth as a web
developer.

8. Conclusion:
- Summarize the key achievements, contributions, and outcomes of your internship
project.
- Emphasize the value and impact of using Next.js and Firebase in developing modern,
scalable, and performant web applications.
- Express your gratitude to the organization and individuals who supported you
throughout the internship.

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Here's some additional information to enhance your understanding:

1. Server-side Rendering (SSR) and Static Site Generation (SSG):

- Next.js provides built-in support for both SSR and SSG, allowing you to choose the
appropriate rendering strategy for different pages.
- SSR enables server-side rendering of dynamic content, which improves SEO,
provides faster initial page loads, and ensures content is rendered correctly on the server
before reaching the client.
- SSG generates static HTML files during the build process, resulting in improved
performance, reduced server load, and the ability to deploy the static files to a content
delivery network (CDN) for faster global distribution.

2. Incremental Static Regeneration (ISR):

- Next.js introduced the concept of Incremental Static Regeneration, which combines
the benefits of SSR and SSG.
- ISR allows you to pre-render individual pages statically at build time while specifying
a revalidation time interval.
- This enables you to serve static content initially and then update it incrementally
based on defined intervals or triggered events, ensuring your pages stay up-to-date while
maintaining excellent performance.

3. Automatic Code Splitting:

- Next.js automatically splits your JavaScript code into smaller chunks, allowing for
efficient loading and rendering of only the necessary code for each page.
- Code splitting reduces the initial bundle size, resulting in faster page loads and
improved user experience, particularly for larger applications.

4. API Routes:
- Next.js provides an easy way to create serverless API endpoints through its API
Routes feature.
- API Routes allow you to define server-side functions and RESTful endpoints within
your Next.js project.
- This enables you to handle data fetching, database operations, and other server-side
functionality directly within your Next.js application, simplifying the backend
development process.

5. Performance Optimization:
- Next.js offers various performance optimization techniques, such as automatic image
optimization, lazy loading, and client-side rendering (CSR) fallback for non-critical
content.

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 - By optimizing images, Next.js reduces their file size and ensures they are served in
the most efficient format based on the requesting device.
- Lazy loading allows you to defer the loading of non-essential content until it's needed,
improving the initial page load time.
- CSR fallback ensures that when SSR or SSG fail or encounter errors, the client-side
rendering takes over, ensuring a smooth user experience.

6. Deployment and Scalability:

- Next.js applications can be easily deployed on various platforms, including cloud
providers, containerized environments, and serverless platforms.
- Next.js projects can be deployed as static sites to CDNs for global distribution,
resulting in faster loading times for users across different geographic locations.
- With Next.js, you can horizontally scale your application by utilizing serverless
functions or containerized deployments to handle increased traffic and ensure high
availability.

7. Community and Ecosystem:

- Next.js has a vibrant and active community, which means access to a wide range of
tutorials, documentation, and open-source projects.
- Next.js benefits from the extensive React ecosystem, allowing you to leverage a vast
number of existing libraries, tools, and frameworks to enhance your development process.

By considering these aspects, you can ensure the successful implementation and
deployment of Next.js in production-based projects, resulting in scalable, performant,
and reliable web applications.

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 CHAPTER 2

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

Name of Company : Provoke Developers PVT.LTD.

Address : Jharkhand

Product / Service Offered : Website design and development services.

Type of Company : Start UP

Owner of Company : Raviraj kumar.

Contact /website : provoketech.com

website : https://letsgrowmore.in/

Linkedin : https://www.linkedin.com/company/

provokedevelopers

Mail : Provokedev@gmail.com

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 Profile of the Industry:

The web development industry has experienced rapid growth and innovation in recent

years, becoming an integral part of modern businesses across various sectors. With the

increasing demand for online presence, user-friendly interfaces, and seamless functionality, web

development has become a crucial component of digital strategies for organizations worldwide.

The industry thrives on the continuous advancement of technologies, frameworks, and platforms

that empower developers to create dynamic and interactive web applications.

In this competitive landscape, startups in the web development sector play a significant

role by offering unique solutions, fresh perspectives, and agile development processes. Startups

often bring innovation, adaptability, and a focus on emerging trends, enabling them to cater to

the evolving needs of clients in a dynamic and fast-paced environment.

Profile of the Company:

Prevoke Developers is an innovative startup operating in the web development industry.

Established with a vision to provide cutting-edge web solutions, the company has successfully

completed several web projects and is currently focused on the "NeatSkills" project. The

company takes pride in its expertise in web development technologies and its commitment to

delivering high-quality, customized solutions to its clients.

As a startup, Prevoke Developers brings a dynamic and entrepreneurial spirit to the web

development landscape. The team is composed of skilled developers, designers, and project

managers who collaborate closely to ensure the successful execution of web projects. The

company emphasizes a customer-centric approach, understanding clients' unique requirements

and translating them into innovative and functional web applications.

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 The company's core values revolve around creativity, professionalism, and continuous

learning. Their team stays up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices in web

development, enabling them to offer cutting-edge solutions to their clients. They prioritize

effective communication, transparency, and collaboration to foster strong partnerships with

clients, ensuring that projects are delivered on time and within budget.

Currently, Prevoke Developers is dedicated to the development of the "NeatSkills"

project. The project aims to provide an online platform that connects individuals seeking to

enhance their skills with qualified instructors. The company's expertise in web development,

combined with their understanding of user experience and functionality, positions them well to

create a robust and user-friendly platform that meets the needs of both learners and instructors.

Through their commitment to innovation, client satisfaction, and project excellence,

Prevoke Developers is establishing itself as a trusted and reliable player in the web development

industry. Their work on the "NeatSkills" project exemplifies their ability to create solutions that

have a positive impact on individuals and businesses, showcasing their potential for continued

growth and success.

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 CHAPTER 3

LITERATURE REVIEW
Review By Topic Description
Tim Neutkens et al. (2019) Server side rendering with This article provides a
nextjs comprehensive overview of
server-side rendering (SSR)
with Next.js, highlighting its
advantages over client-side
rendering (CSR) and
demonstrating how to
implement SSR in a Next.js
application. The authors also
discuss the role of React
components in SSR and
provide code examples to
illustrate the concepts.

Carlos Arroyo (2021) Building a Dynamic and This article explores how to
Scalable E-commerce Platform build a dynamic and scalable
with Next.js e-commerce platform using
Next.js, including topics such
as data modeling, serverless
functions, and payment
processing. The author
provides code examples and
best practices for building a
high-performance e-
commerce platform.

Erisan Olasheni (2021) Using Next.js with Firebase This article discusses how to
integrate Next.js with
Firebase, a cloud-based
platform for web and mobile
app development. The author
explains how to use Firebase
Authentication, Realtime
10
 Database, and Cloud
Functions with Next.js and
provides code examples to
illustrate the integration.

Sarah Drasner (2020) Building a Serverless CMS with This article demonstrates how
to build a serverless content
Next.js and Netlify management system (CMS)
using Next.js and Netlify, a
cloud-based platform for web
hosting and serverless
functions. The author
provides a step-by-step guide
for building the CMS and
discusses the benefits of
using a serverless
architecture.

Sandeep Panda (2020) Using Next.js for Building This article discusses how to
Progressive Web Applications build progressive web
applications (PWAs) using
Next.js, including topics such
as service workers, offline
support, and caching. The
author provides code
examples and best practices
for building PWAs with
Next.js.

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 CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 - Objectives of Study:

1. Define the research question and objectives: The first step in any research project is to clearly
define the research question and objectives. In this case, the research question might be "How
can Next.js and Firebase be used to build a high-performance web application?" The objectives
might include identifying the best practices for integrating Next.js and Firebase, evaluating the
performance of the application, and comparing the results with other web development
frameworks and backends.

2. Conduct a literature review: Conduct a literature review to identify the best practices,
challenges, and opportunities for using Next.js and Firebase for web development. The literature
review should include both academic and industry sources and cover topics such as server-side
rendering, client-side rendering, Firebase authentication, and Firebase Cloud Functions.

3. Develop a conceptual framework: Based on the literature review, develop a conceptual

framework for the research project. This should include a detailed overview of the architecture,
components, and functionalities of the web application, as well as the research methods and
techniques that will be used to evaluate the performance and usability of the application.

4. Develop the research design: Develop a research design that includes the research methods
and techniques that will be used to collect and analyze data. This might include user surveys,
usability testing, performance testing, and A/B testing. Determine the sample size and sampling
methods, and develop a data collection plan.

5. Develop the Next.js and Firebase application: Develop the web application using Next.js and
Firebase. Follow the best practices and guidelines identified in the literature review and

12
conceptual framework. Use a version control system to manage the codebase and collaborate
with other team members.

6. Conduct the research: Conduct the research according to the research design. Collect and
analyze data using the selected methods and techniques. Document the results and findings.

7. Interpret the results: Interpret the results and findings of the research. Evaluate the
performance and usability of the web application and compare the results with other web
development frameworks and backends. Identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats of using Next.js and Firebase for web development.

8. Conclude and report: Conclude the research project by summarizing the findings, conclusions,
and recommendations. Write a report that includes an introduction, literature review, research
design, results and findings, discussion, and conclusion. Include any limitations of the study and
future research directions.

In summary, the research methodology for a Next.js project with Firebase as the backend should
include defining the research question and objectives, conducting a literature review, developing
a conceptual framework and research design, developing the web application, conducting the
research, interpreting the results, and concluding and reporting the research project.

1. To understand the workflow and processes of a web development company: The objective is
to gain insights into the overall workflow of a web development company, including project
management methodologies, collaboration tools, and client communication processes. This
involves understanding how tasks are assigned, tracked, and managed throughout the
development lifecycle.

2. To apply and enhance technical skills in web development: The objective is to apply and
enhance your technical skills in web development during the internship. This includes gaining
hands-on experience with programming languages, frameworks, libraries, and tools commonly
used in web development projects.

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3. To explore various web development technologies and their practical applications: The
objective is to explore and understand different web development technologies, such as frontend
frameworks, backend languages, databases, and hosting platforms. This involves working on
projects that utilize these technologies and understanding their strengths, limitations, and best
practices for implementation.

4. To gain experience in designing and implementing responsive and user-friendly web

interfaces: The objective is to gain experience in designing and implementing responsive and
user-friendly web interfaces. This includes understanding user experience (UX) principles,
implementing responsive design techniques, and ensuring accessibility and usability of web
applications.

5. To collaborate with a development team and understand the importance of teamwork: The
objective is to work collaboratively with a development team and understand the importance of
teamwork in web development projects. This involves participating in team meetings,
contributing to discussions, and actively collaborating with team members to achieve project
goals.

6. To gain experience in project documentation and reporting: The objective is to develop skills
in project documentation and reporting. This includes maintaining project documentation,
documenting code, writing technical reports, and communicating project progress and outcomes
effectively.

7. To learn about quality assurance and testing processes in web development: The objective is
to gain insights into quality assurance and testing processes in web development. This includes
learning different testing methodologies, writing test cases, conducting manual and automated
testing, and understanding the importance of bug tracking and issue resolution.

8. To analyze the challenges faced during web development projects and propose solutions: The
objective is to analyze the challenges encountered during web development projects and propose

14
effective solutions. This involves identifying common challenges in areas such as performance
optimization, security, scalability, and compatibility and suggesting strategies to overcome them.

9. To reflect on the overall internship experience and personal growth: The objective is to reflect
on the overall internship experience and assess personal growth in terms of technical skills,
teamwork, problem-solving abilities, and professional development. This includes evaluating
strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement as a web developer.

10. To gain exposure to client interactions and project management: The objective is to gain
exposure to client interactions and understand the project management aspects of web
development. This includes participating in client meetings, gathering requirements, providing
progress updates, and understanding how projects are planned, executed, and delivered to clients.

11. To explore the use of version control systems and collaborative development tools: The
objective is to explore and utilize version control systems (e.g., Git) and collaborative
development tools (e.g., GitHub, Bitbucket) commonly used in web development projects. This
involves understanding the benefits of version control, branching and merging strategies, and
collaborating effectively with other developers using these tools.

12. To learn about website optimization techniques for performance and SEO: The objective is
to learn and implement website optimization techniques to enhance performance and improve
search engine visibility. This includes optimizing page load times, implementing caching
mechanisms, compressing files, leveraging browser caching, and applying SEO best practices to
improve website rankings in search engine results.

13. To gain knowledge of web security practices and implement secure coding techniques: The
objective is to gain knowledge of web security practices and implement secure coding
techniques to protect web applications from common vulnerabilities. This includes
understanding authentication and authorization mechanisms, input validation, protection against
cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL injection attacks, and following secure coding guidelines.

15
14. To gain insights into website analytics and tracking user behavior: The objective is to gain
insights into website analytics tools (e.g., Google Analytics) and tracking user behavior on web
applications. This involves understanding how to set up analytics tracking, analyzing user
engagement metrics, and using data-driven insights to improve the user experience and drive
business goals.

15. To explore the integration of third-party APIs and services: The objective is to explore the
integration of third-party APIs and services into web applications. This includes understanding
API documentation, implementing API requests, handling responses, and leveraging external
services to enhance functionality and provide additional features to web applications.

16. To understand the importance of responsive design and mobile optimization: The objective is
to understand the importance of responsive design and mobile optimization in web development.
This includes designing and implementing responsive layouts, optimizing images and media for
mobile devices, and ensuring a seamless user experience across different screen sizes and
devices.

17. To gain knowledge of accessibility standards and inclusive web design: The objective is to
gain knowledge of accessibility standards (e.g., WCAG) and understand the importance of
inclusive web design. This involves implementing accessibility features, considering diverse
user needs, and ensuring that web applications are accessible to individuals with disabilities.

18. To evaluate the impact and success of web development projects: The objective is to
evaluate the impact and success of web development projects undertaken during the internship.
This includes analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs), user feedback, and client satisfaction
to measure the effectiveness and value of the developed web applications.

By incorporating these objectives into your internship report, you can showcase a
comprehensive understanding of various aspects of web development, demonstrate practical
skills, and highlight the value you brought to the company during your internship.

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4.2 – Scope of Study:

The scope of study in Next.js can vary depending on the specific project requirements and goals.
However, some common areas of study when working with Next.js include:

1. Server-side rendering (SSR): Next.js is a framework that provides SSR capabilities out of the
box. Understanding how to use SSR to improve performance, SEO, and user experience can be a
key area of study.

2. Routing: Next.js provides a built-in routing system that simplifies the process of defining and
navigating between pages. Studying how to work with Next.js routing can help developers create
more complex applications with multiple pages.

3. Data fetching: Next.js includes features for data fetching, including pre-rendering, incremental
static generation, and server-side rendering. Studying how to use these features can help
developers optimize the performance and user experience of their applications.

4. Styling: Next.js provides a variety of options for styling, including CSS modules, styled
components, and global styles. Studying how to use these options can help developers create
more visually appealing and responsive applications.

5. Deployment: Next.js can be deployed on a variety of platforms, including Vercel, Heroku, and
AWS. Understanding how to deploy and configure Next.js applications can be an important area
of study for ensuring a smooth deployment process.

Overall, the scope of study in Next.js can encompass a wide range of topics, from basic
application setup to advanced features such as server-side rendering, data fetching, and
deployment. By studying these topics, developers can create high-quality, scalable, and
performant applications with Next.js.

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Scope of Study for Internship Report on Next.js:

1. Introduction to Next.js:

- Provide an overview of Next.js, its features, and its role in modern web development.

- Explain the advantages of using Next.js, such as server-side rendering (SSR), static site
generation (SSG), and automatic code splitting.

- Discuss the relevance of Next.js in the industry and its growing popularity.

2. Understanding the Next.js Ecosystem:

- Explore the key components of the Next.js ecosystem, including routing, data fetching, and
API routes.

- Discuss the integration of popular frameworks and libraries with Next.js, such as React,
TypeScript, and CSS-in-JS solutions.

- Investigate the available tools and packages for Next.js development, including development
servers, build optimization, and deployment options.

3. Next.js Project Development:

- Describe the process of setting up a Next.js project, including the installation and
configuration of necessary dependencies.

- Explain the folder structure and organization conventions used in Next.js projects.

- Discuss the development workflow, including creating pages, handling routing, managing
state, and implementing reusable components.

4. Next.js and Firebase Integration:

- Explore the integration of Firebase as the backend for a Next.js project.

- Discuss the benefits and use cases of using Firebase as a backend service for data storage,
authentication, and real-time updates.

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 - Explain the process of connecting Next.js to Firebase, handling authentication, and
interacting with the Firebase API using the Firebase SDKs.

5. Performance Optimization in Next.js:

- Investigate techniques for optimizing the performance of Next.js applications.

- Discuss strategies for optimizing rendering speed, reducing bundle size, and implementing
efficient caching mechanisms.

- Explore the use of server-side rendering (SSR), incremental static regeneration (ISR), and
other performance optimization features provided by Next.js.

6. Testing and Debugging Next.js Applications:

- Discuss different testing approaches for Next.js applications, including unit testing,
integration testing, and end-to-end testing.

- Explore the tools and frameworks available for testing Next.js applications.

- Explain techniques for debugging and troubleshooting common issues in Next.js projects.

7. Deployment and Scaling Next.js Applications:

- Discuss different deployment options for Next.js applications, including deploying to cloud
platforms, serverless architectures, and content delivery networks (CDNs).

- Explain techniques for optimizing Next.js applications for production environments, such as
serverless functions, code splitting, and CDN caching.

- Explore scalability considerations and strategies for handling increased traffic and ensuring
high availability of Next.js applications.

8. Case Study: NeatSkills Project:

- Provide a detailed case study of the NeatSkills project you worked on during your internship.

- Explain the objectives, requirements, and challenges of the project.

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 - Discuss the implementation details, including the use of Next.js, Firebase integration,
performance optimization techniques, and any unique features or solutions developed.

9. Conclusion and Future Recommendations:

- Summarize the key findings and insights gained from the internship experience with Next.js.

- Discuss the strengths and limitations of Next.js for web development based on the project
and your overall experience.

- Provide recommendations for future improvements or enhancements in Next.js development

practices.

By defining a clear scope of study, you can focus your internship report on specific areas of
Next.js, delve deeper into the concepts and techniques you have learned, and provide valuable
insights and recommendations based on your hands-on experience during the internship.

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4.3- Research design and methodology:

Research design and methodology refer to the approach and methods used in conducting
research. A well-designed research study should be able to answer the research question or
hypothesis effectively and accurately. Here are some key aspects of research design and
methodology:

1. Research question or hypothesis: This is the core of the research study, and it should be
clearly defined and specific.

2. Research design: The research design outlines the overall plan of the study, including the
approach, data collection method, and analysis technique. The research design can be qualitative,
quantitative, or mixed-methods.

3. Sampling: Sampling refers to the process of selecting participants or data for the study. The
sampling method used will depend on the research question, the population being studied, and
the available resources.

4. Data collection: This involves collecting data that will be used to answer the research question.
Data collection methods can include surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and
experiments.

5. Data analysis: This involves analyzing the data collected to draw conclusions and answer the
research question. The analysis method used will depend on the research design and the type of
data collected.

6. Validity and reliability: Validity refers to the accuracy of the research study, while reliability
refers to the consistency of the results. Ensuring both validity and reliability is important to
ensure the study is robust and the results can be trusted.

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7. Ethics: Research studies should be conducted ethically, with consideration given to informed
consent, confidentiality, and minimizing harm to participants.

Overall, a well-designed research study should have a clear research question or hypothesis, a
well-defined research design, appropriate sampling and data collection methods, rigorous data
analysis techniques, and considerations for validity, reliability, and ethics. By following these
principles, researchers can conduct high-quality studies that produce reliable and actionable
results.

1. Research Objectives:

- Clearly define the research objectives of your internship report, such as exploring the benefits
of using Next.js, evaluating its performance in a specific project, or analyzing the challenges and
solutions encountered during the internship.

2. Research Questions:

- Formulate specific research questions that align with your research objectives. For example:

- How does Next.js improve the development process and user experience in web
applications?

- What are the key performance metrics and optimization techniques used in Next.js projects?

- What challenges were faced during the Next.js internship project and how were they
resolved?

3. Data Collection:

- Identify the sources of data that will support your research. These may include:

- Internship project documentation, including requirements, designs, and code samples.

- Project management tools and communication records, such as task assignments, progress
updates, and client feedback.

- Performance metrics and analytics data from the deployed Next.js application.

- Interviews or surveys with team members or clients to gather qualitative insights.

22
4. Data Analysis:

- Define the methods and tools you will use to analyze the collected data. This may involve:

- Code analysis to evaluate the implementation of Next.js features and best practices.

- Performance benchmarking and comparison with industry standards or previous projects.

- Qualitative analysis of interview/survey responses to identify common themes or patterns.

- Visualization techniques to present and interpret data effectively.

5. Research Limitations:

- Identify any limitations or constraints that may impact the research, such as limited access to
data, time constraints, or availability of specific resources.

- Discuss how these limitations may affect the scope or depth of your analysis and provide
suggestions for mitigating these limitations.

6. Ethical Considerations:

- Address any ethical considerations related to data collection, analysis, and reporting. Ensure
compliance with ethical guidelines, such as data privacy and confidentiality, and obtain
necessary permissions for the use of project-related information.

7. Research Approach:

- Describe the overall approach you will take to conduct the research. This may involve a
combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, depending on the research questions and
available data.

- Consider whether a comparative analysis, case study approach, or literature review will be
employed to support your research objectives.

8. Reporting and Presentation:

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 - Outline how you will present your findings and insights in the internship report. This may
include a structured report format, visual aids (charts, graphs), and clear explanations of key
findings.

- Consider the target audience of your report and tailor the presentation style and language
accordingly.

9. Iterative Process:

- Acknowledge that the research design and methodology may evolve as you progress through
the analysis and reporting stages. Allow flexibility to adapt the methodology if new insights or
data emerge during the research process.

Architecture for my internship:

+---------------------+

| Title Page |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Table of Contents |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Executive Summary |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Introduction |

+---------------------+

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 +---------------------+

| Background & Context|

+---------------------+

+----------------------------+

| Internship Activities & |

| Methodology |

+----------------------------+

+----------------------------+

| Results & Findings |

+----------------------------+

+----------------------------+

| Analysis & Discussion |

+----------------------------+

+---------------------+

| Conclusions |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Recommendations |

+---------------------+

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 +---------------------+

| Lessons Learned |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Acknowledgments |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| References |

+---------------------+

+---------------------+

| Appendices |

+---------------------+

Certainly! Here's a description of each section for an internship report focused on Next.js:

1. Title Page:

- The title page should include the report title, your name, the organization's name, your
position/title during the internship, and the date of submission.

2. Table of Contents:

- The table of contents lists the main sections and subsections of your report along with the
corresponding page numbers.

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3. Executive Summary:

- The executive summary provides a brief overview of your internship experience with Next.js.

- Summarize the main objectives of your internship, such as learning Next.js concepts and
developing web applications.

- Highlight the key findings and accomplishments, including any notable projects or tasks you
worked on.

- Mention any challenges faced and the skills or knowledge gained during the internship.

- Conclude with a summary of the impact of the internship on your professional growth.

4. Introduction:

- Introduce Next.js as a framework for building server-side rendered React applications.

- Briefly explain why you chose to do an internship focused on Next.js.

- State the objectives of your internship, such as gaining hands-on experience with Next.js,
understanding its key features, and improving your web development skills.

5. Background and Context:

- Provide a brief overview of Next.js, its history, and its significance in web development.

- Discuss the relevance and adoption of Next.js in the industry.

- Explain the context in which your internship took place, including the organization's use of
Next.js and its projects.

6. Internship Activities and Methodology:

- Describe the specific Next.js tasks, projects, or responsibilities you were assigned during the
internship.

- Explain the methodologies and tools you used while working on Next.js projects, such as
project setup, component development, routing, and server-side rendering.

- Discuss any development workflows, version control systems, or collaboration tools utilized
during your internship.

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7. Results and Findings:

- Present the outcomes of your Next.js projects or tasks.

- Describe the web applications or features you developed using Next.js.

- Discuss any challenges faced during the development process and how you addressed them.

- Showcase examples of your work, including screenshots or links to the deployed applications.

8. Analysis and Discussion:

- Analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of using Next.js for web development based on your
experience.

- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Next.js compared to other frameworks or

approaches.

- Reflect on the performance, scalability, and maintainability aspects of the Next.js projects
you worked on.

- Compare your findings with industry best practices or case studies related to Next.js.

9. Conclusions:

- Summarize the main insights and conclusions drawn from your Next.js internship.

- Assess the extent to which the internship objectives were achieved.

- Reflect on how the internship contributed to your understanding and proficiency in Next.js.

- Mention any future prospects or areas for further exploration in the Next.js ecosystem.

10. Recommendations:

- Provide recommendations for further improvement or optimization in the use of Next.js

within the organization.

- Suggest specific areas or features where Next.js can be leveraged for better results.

- Propose strategies or resources to enhance the organization's Next.js development practices.

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11. Lessons Learned:

- Reflect on the key lessons you learned during your Next.js internship.

- Discuss the specific skills, knowledge, or experiences gained in Next.js development.

- Highlight how these learnings contribute to your professional growth and future career
aspirations.

12. Acknowledgments:

- Express gratitude to the individuals, mentors, or colleagues who supported you during your
Next.js internship.

- Mention any specific persons or teams who provided guidance, feedback, or

29
4.4- Statistical tool:

Next.js is a framework for building web applications using React, and as such, it is not
inherently a statistical tool. However, there are statistical tools that can be used in conjunction
with Next.js to analyze data and gain insights from user behavior.

One example of a statistical tool that can be used with Next.js is Google Analytics. Google
Analytics provides a wealth of data on user behavior, including pageviews, bounce rate, session
duration, and more. By integrating Google Analytics into a Next.js application, developers can
gain insights into user behavior and make data-driven decisions to improve the user experience.

Another example of a statistical tool that can be used with Next.js is Mixpanel. Mixpanel is a
user analytics tool that provides detailed data on user behavior, including event tracking, funnel
analysis, and cohort analysis. By integrating Mixpanel into a Next.js application, developers can
gain insights into how users interact with the application and identify areas for improvement.

Other statistical tools that can be used with Next.js include A/B testing platforms such as
Optimizely or Google Optimize, which allow developers to test different variations of a web
page to determine which performs better. Additionally, tools such as Hotjar or Crazy Egg can be
used for user behavior analysis, including heat mapping and session recording.

Here's a statistical tool that can be beneficial for your report:

1. Data Visualization with Charts and Graphs:

- Utilize data visualization tools such as Matplotlib (for Python), Chart.js (for JavaScript), or
D3.js (for advanced visualizations) to create charts and graphs.

- Use bar charts, line charts, pie charts, or scatter plots to represent data related to performance
metrics, user engagement, or comparison of different features in Next.js.

- Visualize data trends, patterns, and relationships to facilitate easier interpretation and
understanding of the findings.

30
2. Descriptive Statistics:

- Calculate descriptive statistics to summarize and analyze numerical data related to Next.js
project performance or user behavior.

- Use measures such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and range to describe and
analyze data distribution, central tendency, and variability.

3. Hypothesis Testing:

- If applicable, conduct hypothesis testing to evaluate the significance of certain factors or

changes in your Next.js project.

- Perform t-tests, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), or chi-square tests to compare means,

variances, or proportions and determine if there are statistically significant differences or
relationships.

4. Regression Analysis:

- If you have access to relevant data, consider performing regression analysis to explore the
relationships between variables in your Next.js project.

- Use linear regression, logistic regression, or other regression techniques to analyze the impact
of independent variables on dependent variables, such as performance metrics or user
engagement.

5. A/B Testing:

- If you conducted A/B testing during your Next.js internship project, use statistical tools to
analyze the results.

- Conduct statistical significance tests (e.g., chi-square test, t-test) to determine if there are
statistically significant differences in user behavior, conversion rates, or other metrics between
different versions or features of your Next.js application.

6. Statistical Software Packages:

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 - Utilize statistical software packages such as R, Python (with libraries like NumPy, pandas,
and SciPy), or Excel (with built-in statistical functions) to perform data analysis and calculations.

- These tools provide a wide range of statistical functions, data manipulation capabilities, and
visualization options to support your analysis.

Remember to select the appropriate statistical tool based on the nature of your data and research
questions. It's important to provide clear explanations and interpretations of the statistical
analyses conducted in your internship report, ensuring that the results are relevant and contribute
to your overall findings and conclusions.

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 CHAPTER 5

Tools and Technology

Here are some of the tools and technologies commonly used in Next.js and Firebase
development:

Next.js:

1. React.js: Next.js is built on top of React.js, which is a popular JavaScript library for building
user interfaces.

2. Node.js: Next.js is built on top of Node.js, which is a server-side JavaScript runtime

environment.

3. Webpack: Next.js uses Webpack, a module bundler, to compile and package the application
code.

4. Babel: Next.js uses Babel, a JavaScript compiler, to transpile the application code from
modern JavaScript syntax to browser-compatible JavaScript syntax.

5. Sass/SCSS: Next.js supports Sass/SCSS, a popular CSS preprocessor, for styling the
application.

Firebase:

1. Firebase Realtime Database: Firebase Realtime Database is a cloud-hosted NoSQL database

that allows developers to store and sync data in real-time.

2. Firebase Authentication: Firebase Authentication is a user authentication and identity

management service that allows developers to authenticate users with email/password, social
media accounts, or custom authentication methods.

33
3. Firebase Cloud Functions: Firebase Cloud Functions is a serverless computing service that
allows developers to run backend code in response to events triggered by Firebase services or
HTTP requests.

4. Firebase Hosting: Firebase Hosting is a web hosting service that allows developers to deploy
and serve their web applications on Firebase's global CDN.

5. Firebase Storage: Firebase Storage is a cloud storage service that allows developers to store
and serve user-generated content, such as images, videos, and files.

In summary, Next.js and Firebase use a variety of tools and technologies, including React.js,
Node.js, Webpack, Babel, Sass/SCSS, Firebase Realtime Database, Firebase Authentication,
Firebase Cloud Functions, Firebase Hosting, and Firebase Storage. These tools and technologies
provide developers with a powerful set of tools for building high-performance, scalable web
applications.
Here are some of the commonly used tools and technologies in React.js and CSS development:

React.js:

1. React Native: React Native is a framework for building native mobile applications using
React.js.

2. Redux: Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript applications, often used in
combination with React.js.

3. React Router: React Router is a library for routing in React.js applications.

4. Jest: Jest is a JavaScript testing framework used for testing React.js applications.

5. Axios: Axios is a JavaScript library used for making HTTP requests from React.js
applications.

CSS:

1. Sass/SCSS: Sass/SCSS is a popular CSS preprocessor that allows developers to write nested
and modular CSS code.
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2. CSS frameworks: CSS frameworks such as Bootstrap, Foundation, and Materialize provide
pre-built CSS components and styles that can be used in React.js applications.

3. PostCSS: PostCSS is a CSS post-processor that can be used to automate CSS tasks such as
autoprefixing and minification.

4. CSS modules: CSS modules are a way to modularize CSS code in React.js applications,
preventing naming collisions and making CSS more maintainable.

5. CSS-in-JS libraries: CSS-in-JS libraries such as Styled Components, Emotion, and JSS allow
developers to write CSS code as JavaScript objects, making it easier to style React.js
components.

In summary, React.js and CSS development use a variety of tools and technologies, including
React Native, Redux, React Router, Jest, Axios, Sass/SCSS, CSS frameworks, PostCSS, CSS
modules, and CSS-in-JS libraries. These tools and technologies provide developers with a
powerful set of tools for building high-quality, maintainable, and responsive web and mobile
applications.

Finding and Limitations:

When starting a Next.js project, it's important to identify potential limitations and constraints
that could impact the development process and project outcomes. Here are some of the common
limitations and constraints to consider:

1. Learning curve: If the development team is not familiar with Next.js or React.js, there may be
a steep learning curve that could impact the project timeline and budget.

2. Browser compatibility: Next.js is built on top of React.js, which is a JavaScript library, so

there may be compatibility issues with older browsers or devices. This can impact the user
experience and accessibility of the application.

35
3. Server-side rendering limitations: Next.js is a server-side rendering framework, so it may not
be the best choice for certain types of applications, such as real-time applications or highly
interactive applications.

4. Performance optimization: While Next.js is optimized for performance, there may be

additional steps required to ensure the application performs well, especially with larger or more
complex applications.

5. Dependency management: Next.js relies on a number of dependencies, such as React.js,

Webpack, and Babel, which can introduce additional complexity and potential conflicts that
need to be managed.

In addition to identifying limitations, it's also important to consider the project's requirements
and constraints, such as budget, timeline, and resources. For example, the project may have
specific requirements for hosting, deployment, or integration with other systems.

Overall, while there are potential limitations and constraints with any technology or framework,
Next.js is a powerful and flexible framework that can be used to build high-quality, scalable, and
performant web applications. By identifying potential limitations and constraints early in the
project, developers can plan accordingly and mitigate potential risks to ensure a successful
project outcome.

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS

In conclusion, I can say that this internship was a great experience. Thanks to this internship, I
acquired deeper knowledge concerning my technical skills, but I also personally benefited.
Indeed, I grew more independent in work and also in everyday life. I realized that I could do
more things than I thought, like learning new things by myself.

There are huge opportunities available for the students who want to work in this field. Many
private and public organizations hire WEB developer for their online work and development.
With the rapid advent of online industry, the demand of web development professionals is
increasing, and this has created a huge job opportunity for the aspirants in the upcoming days.

Also, an experienced person in this field can also work as a freelancer; there are many online
companies which provide online projects to the individuals.

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 BIBILOGRAPHY / REFERENCES

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8111848/

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8069742/

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6779326/

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8711197/

● https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5184977/

● https://provoke.tech/

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