Po1982403927 839
Po1982403927 839
Po1982403927 839
BIOCHEMISTRY
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Lipid Profile
Cholesterol - Total 147 mg/dL Desirable <200, Enzymatic
Borderline High 200-239,
High >=240
Triglycerides 61 mg/dL Normal: <150, GPO
Borderline: 150 - 199,
High:200-499,
Very High>=500
Cholesterol - HDL 39 mg/dL Undesirable/high risk Elimination/catalase
<=40mg/dL
Desirable/low
risk>=60mg/dl
Cholesterol - LDL 96 mg/dL Desirable: <100 Calculated
Above desirable: 100 -
129
Borderline high : 130 -
159
High : 160 - 189
Very high : >=190
Cholesterol- VLDL 12 mg/dl <30 Calculated
Cholesterol : HDL Cholesterol 3.8 Ratio Desirable : 3.0-4.0 Calculated
High risk : >4
LDL : HDL Cholesterol 2.48 Ratio Desirable : 2.0-2.5 Calculated
High risk : >3.0
Non HDL Cholesterol 108 mg/dl Desirable:< 130, Calculated
Above Desirable:130 -
159,
Borderline High:160 -
189,
High:190 - 219,
Very High: >= 220
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PO No :PO1982403927-839
BIOCHEMISTRY
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Lipid profile measurements in the same patient can show physiological & analytical variations. It is recommended that 3 serial
samples 1 week apart may be tested.
•Indians are at a high risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); at a much earlier age and more severe
with high mortality. Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile) is the major risk factor and found in almost 80% Indians.
•Total cholesterol is the total amount of cholesterol in blood comprising of HDL, LDL-C, and VLDL.
•LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) or “bad”cholesterol contributes most significantly to atherosclerosis leading to heart disease or
stroke and is the primary target for reducing risk for cardiovascular disease.
•High-density lipoprotein (HDL) or “good” cholesterol can lower risk of heart disease and stroke.
•Triglyceride (TG) level also plays a major role in CVD. Indians are more prone to Atherogenic dyslipidemia, a condition
associated with high TG, low HDL-C and high LDL-C; this is associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
Hence high triglyceride levels also need to be treated.
•Non-HDL-Cholesterol (Non-HDLC) measures all plaque forming lipoproteins (e.g. remnants, LDL-C, VLDL, Lp(a), Apo-B).
Monitoring of Non-HDLC is important in patients with high TG (e.g. diabetics, obese persons) and those already on statin
therapy.
•Lipid Association of India (LAI-2020) recommends:-
Screening of all Indians above the age of 20 years for CVD risk factors, esp. lipid profile.
Identification of Risk factors: Age (male ≥45 years, female ≥55 years); Family h/o heart disease at younger age (<55 yrs
in males, <65 yrs in female), Smoking/tobacco use, High blood pressure, Low HDL (males <40 mg/dl and females
<50mg/dl).
Fasting lipid profile is not mandatory for screening. Both fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles are equally important for
managing Indian patients.
Non-HDLC should be calculated in every subject. LAI recommends LDL-C as the primary target and Non-HDLC as the co-
primary target for initiating drug therapy.
Lifestyle modifications are of first and foremost importance for management and prevention of dyslipidemia. Among low
risk groups, treatment is started only after 3 months of lifestyle changes.
Testing for Apolipoprotein B, hsCRP, Lp(a ) should be considered for patients in moderate risk group.
Newer treatment goals based on Risk Groups and values of LDL-C and Non-HDLC
•As per NCEP Expert Panel (2011) guidelines, universal screening for dyslipidemia is recommended for children between 9
- 11 yrs (repeat at 17-21 yrs). Screening is not recommended before the age of 2yrs. Above the age of 2 yrs, selective screening
is done in children with family history of premature CVD or risk factors like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
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PO No :PO1982403927-839
BIOCHEMISTRY
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Note: Reference Interval as per National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Report.
Page 3 of 4
PO No :PO1982403927-839
Immunology
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Prolactin, a polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary, initiates and maintains lactation in postpartum period.
Clinical utility: Primarily in work-up of suspected pituitary tumor,Menstrual Irregularities,Infertility,Impotence and Galactorrhea.
Increased in: Sleep (levels rise rapidly during sleep and peak in early hours), nursing, breast stimulation, exercise,
hypoglycaemia, emotional stress, exercise, ambulation, protein ingestion, hypothyroidism, pituitary tumors (prolactinomas and
others), hypothalamic/pituitary stalk lesions,renal failure. HIV infection (21%), CHF, SLE, advanced multiple myeloma, Rathke cleft
cyst. Drugs intake of dopamine antagonists- phenothiazines, haloperidol , risperidone , reserpine, methyldopa , estrogens,
opiates,cimetidine.
Decreased in: Pituitary deficiency: Pituitary necrosis / infarction, Drugs: Bromocriptine, Levodopa, Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Note
* Macromolecular prolactin (macroprolactin), a complex of prolactin with IgG antibodies may lead to apparently high values in
some patients
with maintained fertility.
* PRL levels usually remain stable over time.
* Hypothalamic secretion of dopamine inhibits secretion of prolactin.
* Prolactin is secreted episodically, so multiple sampling technique i.e. pooling equal volume of sera from specimen's
drawn at 20-30 min interval is advantageous.
*In case of High Prolactin, repeat testing with pooled sample in fasting state is advised
* Please note test values may vary depending on the assay method used.
Page 4 of 4
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