A/An overview of on social philosophies

Philosophy Reality Knowledge Value Teacher's role Emphasis on Emphasis

Learning on Curriculum
Idealism Spiritual, Rethinking.. Absolute & eternal To bring latent Recalling knowledge - knowledge based
or mental, latent ideas knowledge & ideas to ideas abstract - Subject based
unchanging consciousness to be a the highest form -Classics or liberal
moral & spiritual leader -- and hierarchy
Directive role -Philosophy,
theology and
mathematics are
most important
Realism Based on natural Consisting of Absolute and To cultivate rational - Exercising the Knowledge
laws sensation and based on natures laws thought to be a moral & logical and subject based arts and
and composed of abstraction spiritual leader To be a thinking are highest sciences, hierarchy
matters source of authority Subjects, humanistic
Directive role and scientific subjects.
Pragmatism Interaction of Based on Situational and To cultivate critical - Methods for dealing No permanent
individual with experience use subject to change thinking and scientific changing environment or subjects
environment of scientific verification processes scientific explanations Appropriate
always changing method Non directive role mat transmit culture
facilitating conditions not and prepare
to transmit information individual for change,
because knowledge is problem solving topic
moral of natural
Existentialism Subjective Knowledge for Freely chosen, based To cultivate personal - Knowledge and Choices in
(reality is personal choice individuals
in choice and individual self of the human
principles matter
subject
personal) & human will definition acts of choice making. emotional a esthetic
Divergent thinkers rather philosophical subjects
than objective or Self expressive
Convergent thinker To activities
make a whole man Experimentation
hot media
B/An Overview of Educational philosophy
Educational Philosophi Aim of Knowledge Role of Curriculum focus Related curriculum
philosophy cal Base education education Trends
Perennials Realism To educate the Focus on past and .* Teacher helps students Classical subjects Literary Great books
rational person, permanent studies think on rationally: based analysis constant
to cultivate, the mastery of facts and on Socratic method oral curriculum
intellect timeless knowledge exposition, explicit
teaching of traditional
values
Essentialism Idealism, To promote the Essential skills and Teachers :s authority in Essential skills (three Rs) Back to basics cultural
realism intellectual academic subjects his or her subject field and essential subjects literacy excellence in
growth and the mastery of concepts explicit teaching of (English, science, History, education
individual to and principles traditional values math's and foreign
educate the of subject matter language)
competent
person
Progressivism Pragmatism To promote Knowledge leader to Teacher is guide for based on students interests Relevant curriculum
democratic, growth and problem solving and involve the application humanistic education
social living development a living scientific inquiry human problem and inter- radical school reform
learning process, focus disciplinary subject matter
on active relevant activities and projects
Reconstructivism Pragmatism To improve and learning
Skills and subjects Teacher serves an any Emphasis on social International
reconstruct needed to identify and agent of change and sciences and social education-conceptualism
society; ameliorate problems of reform acts as a project research method equality of educations
education for society director and research examination of social opportunity.
change and Learning in active and leader helps students economic and political
social reform concerned with become aware of problems focus on present
contemporary and problems informing and future trends as well as
future society humankind on national and
international issues