SQL CHEAT SHEETSQL CHEAT SHEET BASE QUERY SELECT * FROM table_name; This query returns every column and every row of the table called table_name. ‘SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 10; It returns every column and the first 10 rows from table_name. SELECTING SPECIFIC COLUMNS SELECT columni, column2, column3 FROM table_name; This query returns every row of column1, column? and column3 from table_name. DATA TYPES IN SQL In SQL we have more than 40 different data types. But these seven are the most important ones: . Integer. A whole number without a fractional part. E.g. 1, 156, 2012412 . Decimal. A number with a fractional part. E.g. 3.14, 3.141592654, 961.1241250 . Boolean. A binary value. It can be either TRUE or FALSE. Date. Speaks for itself. You can also choose the format. E.g. 2017-12-31 1e. You can decide the format of this, as well. E.g. 23:59:59 Timestamp. The date and the time together. E.g. 2017-12-31 23:59:59 Text. This is the most general data type. But it can be alphabetical letters only, or a mix of letters and numbers and any other characters. E.g. hello, R2D2, Tomi, 124.56.128.41 NOWPWNPE CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 1‘SQL CHEAT SHEET FILTERING (the WHERE CLAUSE) SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 = ‘expression’; “Horizontal filtering." This query returns every column from table_name - but only those rows where the value in column] is ‘expression’. Obviously this can be something other than text: a number (integer or decimal), date or any other data format, too. ADVANCED FILTERING Comparison operators help you compare two values. (Usually a value that you define in your query and valves that exist in your SQL table.) Mostly, they are mathematical symbols, with a few exceptions: Toasts = Equal to <-> Not equal to Ie Not equal to < Less than <= Less than or equal to - Greater than >= Greater than or equal to LIKE "%expression%" Contains ‘expression’ IN Cexp1;, ‘exp2,'exp3')__ Contains any of 'exp1' 'exp2' or ‘exp3" CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 2SQL CHEAT SHEET A few examples: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 != ‘expression’; This query returns every column from table_name, but only those rows where the value in column is NOT ‘expression’. SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column2 >= It returns every column from table_name, but only those rows where the value in column2 is greater or equal to 10. SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column3 LIKE '%xzy%'; It returns every column from table_name, but only those rows where the value in column3 contains the 'xyz' string. JULTIPLE CONDITIONS You can use more than one condition to filter. For that, we have two logical operators: OR, AND. SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 != ‘expression’ AND column3 LIKE "xzy%'s This query returns every column from table_name, but only those rows where the value in column1 is NOT ‘expre: string. sion’ AND the value in column3 contains the 'xyz" SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column1 != ‘expression’ OR column3 LIKE "pxzy%'s This query returns every column from table_name, but only those rows where the value in column’ is NOT ‘expression’ OR the value in column3 contains the 'xyz" string. CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 3SQL CHEAT SHEET PROPER FORMATTING You can use line breaks and indentations for nicer formatting. It won't have any effect on your output. Be careful and put a semicolon at the end of the query though! SELECT* FROM table_name WHERE column1 != ‘expression’ AND column3 LIKE '%xzy%' LIMIT 10; SORTING ES SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column1; This query returns every row and column from table_name, ordered by column1, in ascending order (by default). SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 DESC; This query returns every row and column from table_name, ordered by column], in ending order. UNIQUE VALUES SELECT DISTINCT(column1) FROM table_name; Itreturns every unique value from column from table_name. CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 4SQL CHEAT SHEET CORRECT KEYWORD ORDER SQL is extremely sensitive to keyword order. So make sure you keep it right 1. SELECT 2. FROM 3. WHERE 4. ORDER BY 5. LIMIT SQL FUNCTIONS FOR AGGREGATION In SQL, there are five important aggregate functions for data analysts/scientists « COUNT() » SUM) + AVGO + MINO » MAXQ. A few examples: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name WHERE column It mber of in the SQL table in which the value in column. something SELECT AVG(column1) FROM table_name WHERE column2 > 1000; It ean) of th 1, only Jing rows i which the mi ter than 1000 CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 5SQL CHEAT SHEET SQL GROUP BY The GROUP BY clause is usually used with an aggregate function (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX). It groups the rows by a given column value (specified after GROUP BY) then calculates the aggregate for each group and returns that to the screen, SELECT columni, COUNT(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1; This query count column1 values. s the number of values in colur SELECT column1, SUM(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; This query sums the number of valves in column? - for each > of < umn values SELECT columni, MIN(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; This query finds the minimum valve in column2 - for each group of uni SELECT columni, MAX(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column; This query finds the maximum valve in c 1 group of u! CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 6SQL CHEAT SHEET SQL ALIASES You can rename columns, tables, subqueries, anything SELECT columni, COUNT(column2) AS number_of_values FROM table_name GROUP BY column: This query counts the number of values in column? - for each group of unique t INT(colurr 1 to column1 values. Then it renames number_of_values. SQL JOIN You can JOIN two (or more) SQL tables based on column values. SELECT* FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON tablei.column1 = table2.column: This joins table and t nlues - for every row where t f col equals the Detailed explanation here: https:/data36.com/sal-join-data-analysis-tutorial-ep5/ CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 7SGL CHEAT SHEET SQL HAVING The execution order of the different SGL keywords doesn't allow you to filter with the WHERE clause on the result of an aggregate function (COUNT, SUM, etc.). This is because WHERE is executed before the aggregate functions. But that's what HAVING is for: SELECT columni, COUNT(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1 HAVING COUNT(column2) > 100; This query counts the number of values in column2 urns only those ts where the counted valu! than 100. Detailed explanation and examples here: https://data34 com/sql-data-analysis- a ri CORRECT KEYWORD ORDER AGAIN SQL is extremely sensitive to keyword order. So make sure you keep it right: 1. SELECT 2. FROM 3. JOIN (ON) 4. WHERE 5. GROUP BY 6. HAVING 7. ORDER BY 8. LIMIT CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 8SQL CHEAT SHEET SUBQUERIES You can run SQL queries within SQL queries. (Called subqueries.) Even queries within queries within queries. The point is to use the result of one query as an input value of another query. Example: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT column1, COUNT(column2) AS inner_number_of_values FROM table_name GROUP BY columni) AS inner_query WHERE inner_number_of_values > 100; The inner query counts the number of values in column? - for each group of unique column va es. Then the outer query uses the inner query's results and counts the number of values where inner_number_of_values are greater than 100. (The result is one number) Detailed explanation here: https://data36 com/sql-data-analysis-advanced= tutorial-ep6/ CREATED BY TOMI MESTER | DATA36.COM 9