Chp. 3. Managing The Urban Environment (E.v.S)

PRIME ACADEMY (ICSE)
Grade X - EVS
Chapter 3: Managing the Urban Environment
Short Answer Questions
1. Define a secondary city. Give any one example.

Ans: Secondary cities are cities that play a key role in supporting the development of
the country's economy.
Many secondary cities are playing increasingly stronger rules in the global economy
than expected of your size. According to economic planners, 100 million people are
moving to cities in the next 10 years and these 100 million are absorbed into secondary
cities instead of cities like Delhi or Mumbai.
Examples of secondary cities are Hyderabad Lucknow Ahmedabad Bengaluru etc
2. Give any two advantages of planning of land use.

Ans: The benefits of land use planning are:
● Environmental protection, avoidance of urban sprawl, departure from impacts of
transportation, promotion of compatible uses, and public health and safety
considerations.
3. Name two environmental impacts of construction activities.

Ans: According to some studies, construction is responsible for up to 50% of climate
change. It also impacts landfills and air, water, and noise pollution.
4. Mention any two ways of migration from rural to urban areas.

Ans: Due to the adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas,
people migrate to urban areas.
In urban areas they find increased employment opportunities and better living
conditions.
5. Due to population pressure there is tremendous pressure on urban civil amenities.

Name any three of them.
Ans: Stresses on Different Civic Amenities to Improve Standard of Living are
1. Stress on water supply
As fresh water available on the surface of the earth is not sufficient to meet the growing
need of the increased population, the ground water is being explored.
2. Stress on electricity supply
Electricity is produced from water, coal, nuclear materials, wind etc. With increase in
population, the above natural resources are deple: ting which put a lot of stress on
electricity production and hence on electricity supply.
3. Stress on transport services
Urban transport contribute to air pollution and the large concentration of cars and
industries in cities cause great amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
6. Mention any two ways by which Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) can help
conserve the environment.
Ans: Creating awareness among the public on current environmental
issues and solutions.
2. Facilitating the participation of various categories of
stakeholders in the discussion on environmental issues.
3. Protecting the natural resources and entrusting the equitable use
of resources.
4. Being involved in the protection of human rights to have a clean
environment.
5. Analysis and monitory of environmental quality.
6. Organizing seminars, lectures and group discussion for
promotion of environmental awareness.
7. Helping the villages administrative officials projects on
environmental protection.
Answer Questions
1. What is Urbanisation? Write about the effects of Urbanisation.

Ans: Urbanisation is a process wherein general people migrate from rural to urban area
in search of brighter social as well as economic feasibility such as better education,
good health care, proper sanitation, comfortable housing, immense business
opportunities and versatile transportation.
Effects of Urbanisation:
Effects of Urbanisation
● Housing problems:. Due to the continuous pressure of the population living in
urban areas, there is a continued scarcity of houses. This is mainly due to
insufficient expansion space for housing and public utilities, poverty,
unemployment and also costly building materials that can be afforded only by few
rich individuals.
● Unemployment: The problem of joblessness is the highest in urban areas
especially among the educated people.
● Development of slums: The cost of living in urban areas is certainly very high. Big
cities are not able to handle the influx of residents combined with random and
unexpected growth resulting in slum areas. Mostly these areas represent a
spread of unlawful resident settlements with a variety of associated problems.
● Sanitation problems: Due to rapid increase in population of most of the urban
areas have inadequate sewage facilities. As a result, sanitation in these parts
becomes poor and sewages is drained into neighbouring streams, rivers, lakes,
or seas. As a result communicable diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, plague
and diarrhoea spread very fast leading to suffering and even deaths.
● Traffic-congestion: In urban areas, people drive to work and this creates a severe
traffic problem especially during the rush hours. As the cities grow in dimension,
people move to market to access their needs which ultimately cause traffic
congestion.
2. Describe any four ways by which private enterprises can contribute to city
improvement.
Ans: private Enterprises help in city improvement in the following ways:
● Private sector create job opportunities for the people
● bring economics prosperity to the city as the level people
● Some private Enterprises work for the city in partnership with the government
including waste management water management Healthcare transport and
security services
● Private sector as part of their social responsibility a lot funds for carrying out
awareness campaigns on issues like environment issues literacy program social
evils like child labour helping the Pose families and destitute etc
3. What is Counter Urbanisation? State any four ways of achieving counter

urbanisation.
Ans: counter urbanisation: it is a demographic process of movement of people from
urban areas to nearby countryside or neural areas is also term does the organisation
Ways to achieve counter urbanisation:
● Flow of Agricultural and another commodities from rural based producers to
Urban markets
● Flow of information between rural and urban areas including information market
mechanism price fluctuations consumer preferences etc
● Flow of Technology and information on new agriculture techniques to enhance
agriculture productivity
● National schemes for the rural development and microfinance
● Farmers produce more crop which leaves to self sufficiency and economic
games from selling in urban markets
● Adapting agriculture based on urban demands also helps in counter urbanisation
4. How do construction activities affect the environment?

Ans: environment impacts of construction activities are:
● Loss of forest wood building construction accounts for 25% of forest would used
in the world each year consumption of Forest Timber is much faster than it can
we replaced by planting new trees or natural growth
● Loss of agricultural land agriculture land is often lost through urbanization and
extraction of raw materials such as stone gravel and sand which are required for
construction activities
● Loss of fossil fuel there are limited fossil fuels present on the earth over its
consumption is much more
● Pollution consumption of fossil fuels contributes to increase their pollution and
emission of greenhouse gases construction activities also contribute to the
release of ozone depleting substances that damage the ozone layer
5. The development of India is in the development of its villages. Describe any five ways
of development in rural areas.
Ans: Development of infrastructure
● There is a lack of infrastructure in rural areas.
● Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport
facilities, etc., needs to be addressed.
Reduction of poverty
● The reduction of poverty is important because rural areas have the maximum
poverty.
● Around 30% of the population is below the poverty line; this figure reduced to
21.92% in 2012.
Development of health facilities
● Rural areas lack proper health facilities.
● Better health facilities are necessary for physical growth of individuals.
Development of human resources
● There is a need to improve the quality of human resources in rural areas.
● It can be done by improving the literacy rate (especially female literacy), skill
development, industrial training, etc.
6. Why do slums arise? Suggest any three ways by which a slum area can be improved.
Ans: overcrowding is common in woman areas and the urban poor cannot of food a
decent housing this results in the development of slums.
Ways in which slum area can be improved are: (Learn Any five)
a. Improved access to clean water: Provide access to clean water and safe
sanitation systems to reduce the spread of water-borne diseases.
b. Improved housing: Work to build better quality homes that are insulated and
provide basic amenities to slum dwellers.
c. Improved access to healthcare and education: Increase access to healthcare,
education and other support services in order to improve the quality of life for
slum residents.
d. Reduce overcrowding: Work to reduce overcrowding in slums by providing
opportunities for slum dwellers to move to other areas of a city.
e. Upgrade infrastructure: Upgrade infrastructure in slums, such as roads, sewage
systems and waste management, in order to improve living conditions and quality
of life.
f. Increase job opportunities: Provide more access to job training and employment
opportunities for slum dwellers in order to reduce poverty.
7. What is community participation? What is its role in Public Awareness Programmes?

Support your answer with examples.
Ans: community participation means involvement of people with similar goals and
memes in decisions affecting their lives it brings many lasting benefits to people as:
● it promote sense of ownership in control among people.
● It leads to improved out comes in relation with Healthcare, employment,
education, income, life satisfaction etc
● It improves the economy and living standards of people as everyone shares the
benefits.
● It lessens the cost of labour as people themselves participate in the activation to
be conducted.
● it creates better network among people and in courageous social participation.
● It encourages sharing of Ideas knowledge and innovations.

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PRIME ACADEMY (ICSE)

Short Answer Questions

1. Define a secondary city. Give any one example.

2. Give any two advantages of planning of land use.

3. Name two environmental impacts of construction activities.

4. Mention any two ways of migration from rural to urban areas.

5. Due to population pressure there is tremendous pressure on urban civil amenities.

1. What is Urbanisation? Write about the effects of Urbanisation.

3. What is Counter Urbanisation? State any four ways of achieving counter

4. How do construction activities affect the environment?

7. What is community participation? What is its role in Public Awareness Programmes?

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