Practical 1: Creating a Virtual Machine with Hyper-V

In this section, we will learn how to create a virtual machine. To begin with, we have to open the
Hyper-V manager and then follow the steps given below.
Step 1: Go to “Server Manager” -- Click on “Hyper-V Manager”.

Step 2: Click “New” on the left Panel or on the “Actions” button.

Step 3: Double-click on “Virtual Machine…”

Step 4: A new table will open -- Type Name of your new machine -- click “Next”.

Specify the generation of OS (32bit or 64 bit)

Step 5: A new table will be opened where you have to allocate the memory. Keep in mind you
cannot choose more memory than you have physically.

Step 6: In the “Connection” drop down box, choose your physical network adaptor click on
“Next”.

Step 7: Now it is time to create a Virtual Hard disk, if you already have one, choose the second
option.
Step 8: Select the Image of ISO that has to be installed -- click on “Finish”.

Step 9: After clicking on finish, you would get the following message as shown in the screenshot
below.
Step 10: To connect to the Virtual machine, Right Click on the created machine click on
“Connect…”

Step 11: After that, installation of your ISO will continue.

 Practical 2: Installing Hyper-V in windows 10 workstation

To install it in Windows 7, 8, 10 versions, you have to check if your computer supports virtualization.
Following are the basic requirements:
• Windows 10 Pro or Enterprise 64-bit Operating System.
• A 64-bit processor with Second Level Address Translation (SLAT).
• 4GB system RAM at minimum.
• BIOS-level Hardware Virtualization support.
In my case, we have a laptop HP Probook 450 G3, which supports it. Before continuing with the
installation, follow the steps given below.

Step 1: Ensure that hardware virtualization support is turned on in the BIOS settings as shown
below:

Step 2: Type in the search bar “turn windows features on or off” and click on that feature as shown
below.

Step 3: Select and enable Hyper-V.

 Practical 3: Creating a VM with VMware Workstation

To create a virtual machine, we have to follow the steps given below.

Step 1: Click on “Player” -- File -- New Virtual Machine.

Step 2: A table will pop-up requesting you to find a “Boot disk”, “Boot Image” or to install OS at a
later stage.

We will choose the second option and click on “Browse”. Then we have to click on the ISO image,
which we want to install. Once all this is done, click on “Next”.

Step 3: As I am installing windows server 2012, it will pop-up a table requesting to enter the serial
key click directly on “Next”, if you want to activate the non- commercial version for Windows.
Step 4: After the above step is complete, a dialogue box opens. Click “Yes”.

Step 5: Click “Next”.

Step 6: In the “Maximum size disk” box, enter the value of your virtual Hard disk, which in our case
is 60GB. Then click on “Next”.
Step 7: Click on “Finish”.
 Practical 4: Setting up Networking with VMware Workstation
To set up the networking modes of a virtual machine in a VMware Workstation, we have to click on
the “Edit virtual machine settings”.

A table will be opened with the settings of networking and on the left hand side panel of this table
click on “Network Adaptor”.

On the left of this table, you can see the networking modes as shown in the following screenshots.
 Practical 5: FTP server configuration

1. Check ip address of your machine on which ftp server is to be deployed.

2.

2. Verify the package vsftpd for FTP. If installed create few files in pub. it is shown below.

3. Main configuration file of ftp is vsftpd.conf which is in /etc/vsftpd directory.

Since it is a preconfigured file, create a backup of it.

4. Now open one empty file with editor, name it as vsftpd.conf and add parameters to it.
Save the file and quit. Esc:wq
5. Restart the service. Stop firewall

FTP Client configuration:

1. Check ip address of your client machine.
2. On client we require ftp package. Check for it.

3. Login with anonymous user. Now you can login with ftp 192.168.1.1
We can use Username: ftp and password ftp.
/var/ftp is a root directory of ftp.
/var/ftp == / in ftp
By default ftp takes login in its root directory.
First change the directory to pub using cd command.
Here you can use ls command to view the content of the directory.
In ftp, files get downloaded from /var/ftp/pub and files get uploaded into /var/ftp/pub.
4. Use get command to download files from server.

5. Use put command to upload files on the server.

6. To close a connection on ftp use ‘bye’ command. You will get reply from server as ‘goodbye’.
 Practical 6: NFS server and client configuration

1. On server, verify the package of NFS whether installed as shown below:

2. Verify IP address of the linux machine to be setup as NFS Server:

3. On a server, make a directory to be exported, create few files into it and give it full permission, as
follows:
4. On a server, open the configuration file of NFS, i.e, vi /etc/exports and write the following lines
under it:

/data directory is read only by default and and /alpha is read write with root squash. Hence root
user of client will be considered as anonymous user on nfs server and will be identified as
nfsnobody user.
Save & quit: esc:wq

5. Restart rpcbind and nfs service. Stop firewall.

6. On a client , check ip address.
7. On a client, showmount command shows you all shared directories in given IP
address.(Server)

8. On client, create two local directories and mount the server exported directory on it, as shown:

Here nfs is a file system type. Exported directories from server 10.0.0.100 are to be mounted on
local directories.
9. On listing, it show up the content of server export directory.

We have mounted read only directory /data on localdir1. Hence client is not able to create a file in
it.

/alpha is read write directory which is mounted on localdir2, hence client is able to create files. We
have created new.txt file from root user on client. You can check this on server.
Because of root squash, client root user is anonymous user ‘nfsnobody’ for nfs server.
10. Now try this with no root squash. On server, add one one parameter in /etc/exports file.

On client, create one empty file demo.txt in localdir2.

Because of no root squash, client root user is identified as root user on nfs server.