ARDUINO BOARD

ARCHITECTURE
Arduino Family
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 INTRODUCTION 3

• Arduino is a Open Source Platform

• Reads Analog / Digital signal input from different sensors and
turn it into an output such as activating a motor, turning LED
on / off, connect to cloud and many other actions.
• Consists of circuit board (microcontroller)
• Have Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
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Arduino Board Components

1) Power USB - Arduino UNO can be powered from a USB cable

coming from your computer
2) Barrel jack - DC Input 7 to 12 V
3) GND - 2 ground Pins
4) 5V - Regulated power supply used to power microcontroller
and other components on the board
5) 3.3V - 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50mA
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6) Digital Pins - [0 to 13] - use both digital input and digital output.
7) PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) - digital pins with tilde
(3,5,6,9,10,11) provides 8 bit PWM Output
8) AREF - Analog Reference - To provide reference voltage for input
voltage(0 to 5 V)
9) Reset Button - temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and
restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino.
10) Power LED Indicator - LED should light up whenever you plug
your Arduino into a power source
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11) - TX/RX LED Indicator - TX - Transit / RX - Receive - Arduino is

receiving or transmitting data
12)Microcontroller - Main IC - Brain of an Arduino
13) Voltage Regulator - controls the amount of voltage that is let
into the Arduino board
14) Analog IN - [A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,A5] - can read signal from an
analog sensor and convert into digital. Used to provide analog
input in the range of 0-5V
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Arduino Installation

Step 1: Must you have ready with Arduino Board with USB Cable
Step 2: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
and download Arduino 1.8.12 Version
OS Supports - Windows/Linux/Mac
Bit - 32/64
Step 3: Power up your Board - Connect the Arduino board to your computer
using the USB cable. The green power LED (labeled PWR) should glow
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Arduino Installation

Step 4: Launch Arduino IDE

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Arduino Installation

Step 5: Open your First Project - Click Create a new project - To create a new
project, select File → New
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Arduino Installation

Step 6: Select your Arduino Board - Go to Tools → Board and select your board.
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Arduino Installation

Step 7: Select your serial port - Go to Tools → Serial Port menu.

This is likely to be
COM3 or higher
(COM1 and COM2 are
usually reserved for
hardware serial ports)
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Arduino Installation

Step 8: Upload the program to your board

A − Used to check if there is any compilation error.
B − Used to upload a program to the Arduino board.
C − Shortcut used to create a new sketch.
D − Used to directly open one of the example sketch.
E − Used to save your sketch.

F − Serial monitor used to receive serial data from the board and send the serial data to the board.
Commonly Used Protocols
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Serial Communication Protocol

• UART - Universal Asynchronous Reception and Transmission
• simple communication protocol that allows the Arduino to
communicate with serial devices.
• The UART system communicates with digital pin 0 (RX), digital pin 1
(TX), and with another computer via the USB port.
• Arduino directly connects to computer with USB to Serial convertor.
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Serial Communication Protocol

• I2C - Inter Integrated Circuit
• Specially designed for Microcontroller
• Potentially connect up to 128 devices to your main board
• Possible to connect multiple masters and slaves.
• Maintaining a clear communication pathway.
• All data is transmitted on a single wire, keeping your pin count low
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Serial Communication Protocol

• SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface.
• Specially designed for microcontrollers to talk to each other.
• Allows a single master device with a maximum of four slave devices.
• Data/Clock lines are shared between devices, each device requires a
unique address wire.
• Commonly found in places where speed is important such as with
SD cards and display modules, or when information updates and
changes quickly, like with temperature sensors
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Commonly Used Sensors
1) DHT11 - temperature and humidity reading at the same time
2) ESP8266 WiFi Serial Connector - device used for connecting serial WiFi
with the other sensors and the Arduino module, build a wireless web server-
client platform.
3) Photo-resistor Light Dependent Resistor - The LDR is a light sensitive device
used to indicate the existence of light in a specific area. It is basically used to
measure light intensity.
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Commonly Used Sensors
4) Sound Sensor Module [Analog] - used to detect any sound that exceeds the
set threshold.
5) MQ2 Gas sensors - used for gas identification and reading for Smoke,
Methane, Propane, LPG, and Butane gas.
6) Speed Measuring Coupler - detect motor speed, position count, pulse
count.
7) Ultrasonic Transducer - determine the distance of any obstruction or an
object
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Commonly Used Sensors
8) Buzzer Module - an audio-based signaling device which is used for produce
the buzzing sound when alarmed.
9) Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor (PIR) - measures the infrared radiation
whenever a motion takes place.
10)LM35 Temperature Sensor - Detects the temperature.
11) Soil Moisture Sensor - get the moisture readings of a soil sample.
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Commonly Used Sensors
12) Accelerometer - get the acceleration and speed data,cheap, effective and
great for motion oriented projects.
13) Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor - sense vibrations and send the data.
14) Thermal Sensor Module - sense the ambient temperatures.
15) Color Sensor - detects static color
16) Pulsesensor - sense Pulse Heart Rate
17) Optical fingerprint sensor - detect, record or verify finger-prints.
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Useful Links for Arduino Projects
1) https://circuitdigest.com/arduino-projects
2)https://www.electronicshub.org/simple-arduino-projects/
3) https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-great-arduino-projects-for-
beginners/
4)https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/
projects/tags/beginner
5)https://www.electronicsweekly.com/blogs/gadget-master/arduino/
Thank You

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