ISA cap 4

1) In standalone file applications:

1. Each data is described, autonomously, in each file in which it appears

2. a date is described in a single file
3. The description of each data file is mandatory in all programs that read or modify
it
4. The description of each data file is not mandatory for all programs that read or modify it
5. There must be at least one explicitly defined relationship between files

2) The disadvantages of organizing data according to the model of independent files are:
1. Very low data redundancy
2. Data redundancy and inconsistency
3. Data centralization
4. Data isolation
5. simplicity of updates

3) The disadvantages of organizing data according to the model of independent files are:
1. Fast replies to ad hoc queries
2. high cost

3. inadequate modeling of the real world

4. flexibility to subsequent changes

4) Which of the following statements are true?

1. The phrase database appeared in 1964

2. Data dictionary ensures independence of programs from data

 3. The data dictionary ensures the dependence of programs on computing systems

5) A database shall represent:

1. a structured set of files

2. a set of independent files
3. a collection of interdependent data
4. o Autonomous date collection

6) Formally, a database is:

1. a collection of interdependent data, together with descriptions of the data and

their relationships

2. An automated, shared, formalized and centrally controlled data collection

3. A data collection that can only be used by a single user

7) With reference to a database, which of the following statements are not true?

1. The schema of a BD is a set of tools for describing data, their relationships, their
semantics and the restrictions to which they are subject
2. schema represents the set of information stored at a given moment in the DB
3. The schema of a BD evolves over the course of its use
4. The schematic of a BD remains constant throughout its use

8) Data organization in DB can be analyzed on the following levels:

1. physical

2. intern

3. global
 4. external
5. semantic

9) With reference to the organization of data in the DB, which of the following
statements are true?

1. The way in which data is "written" on the storage medium represents the physical
level of data organization
2. The way in which the observed real world is modeled corresponds to the physical level of
organization of the data
3. The way in which the observed real world is modeled corresponds to the
conceptual level of data organization

4. external level of data organization aims at simplifying user-BD interaction and

increasing security in BD

10) Data organized in DB has the following characteristics:

1. Shareability

2. Persistence

3. security

4. validity

11) Data organized in DB has the following characteristics:

1. Addictive
2. Redundancy
3. Consistency

4. security
12) The data organization model provides:
1. description of data and relationships between them
2. representation of the real world and its associated events
3. Description of computing system components
4. ...

13) Data can be organized by models:

1. hierarchical
2. linear
3. Reţea

4. relaţional

5. Object

14) In the hierarchical model of data organization:

1. The structure of the data is in the form of a tree

2. A son is dependent on the father's knot

3. A son cannot exist independently of the father's knot

15) Which of the following statements are true?

1. The hierarchical model derives from the relational model
2. The network model is a development of the hierarchical model

3. the relational-object model is the latest model and is supported by major

manufacturers of dedicated BD software

16) The relational model of data organization has the following pillars:
 1. Structural component

2. Manipulatory Component

3. integrity component

17) The relational model can be defined by:

1. Data structures
2. operations applied to data structures
3. integrity rules to ensure data consistency
4. ...

18) Modeling reality in tables takes into account that:

1. A table has a name

2. A line represents an attribute
3. A column represents an attribute

4. A line represents a tuple

19) The relational model has the following advantages:

1. Optimize data access

2. offers non-procedural languages

3. proposes user-friendly data structures

20) According to the relational model, each table:

1. has a unique name

2. consists of a fixed number of lines
3. is stored on an external medium (usually magnetic disk)
 4. At the intersection of a line and a column, an atomic value is entered
21) In the relational model, which of the following statements are true?

1. A tuple is a sequence of values of various types

2. The tuples of a relationship do not have to have the same format
3. The tuples of a relationship have the same structure

4. The order of tuples is of no importance from the point of view of the informational
content of the table

22) In a table:
1. Each tuple has a name
2. Each attribute has a range of values

3. Each attribute has a name

4. Each line has a range of values that it can

23) In a relational database, restrictions:

1. points to the existence of established and somewhat binding constraints
2. ensures the increase of the degree of correctness and reliability of the data in the BD
3. are declared by the user and must be complied with by the DBMS

24) In a relational database, the following restrictions can be defined:

1. domain

2. atomicity
3. complexity
4. uniqueness

5. user

6. user
25) In a table, which of the following statements are true?

1. An attribute is defined by name and domain

2. Any attribute value must fall within a defined range of values

3. attributes that provide identification or characterization of an entity can have a NULL value
4. unimportant attributes can be declared NOT NULL

26) In a relationship:

1. No two lines can be identical

2. there may be up to three identical lines
3. There is an attribute or group of attributes which, by the values it contains,
differentiates a tuple from all other tuples

27) In a relational database, keys can be:

1. Primary

2. candidate

3. alternative
4. Main
5. Auxiliary

28) After Codd, there are the following restrictions for the primary key:

1. Uniqueness
2. Complex composition
3. minimal composition

4. Non-null values

5. Entity restriction
29) In a relational database, which of the following statements are true?

1. links between tables are based on the foreign key mechanism

2. links between tables are established by candidate keys
3. The table in which the link attribute is the primary key is called the parent table
4. The table in which the link attribute is a foreign key is called a parent table

30) Since its inception, computer science has faced the following problems:

1. performing complex calculations

2. storing and managing an increasing amount of information

3. Making increasingly simple calculations
4. diminishing the amount of information stored

31) In a database, the data dictionary:

1. is a global database description file

2. ensures the independence of programs from data

3. It is created by the user together with the database, through additional commands
4. can be removed from database

32) Data redundancy is manifested by:

1. The same date appears in multiple files

2. The data is described in a single file
3. It is forbidden to describe a date more than once, in different files,

33) The high cost of standalone file-based applications derives from:

1. high degree of data redundancy

2. great efforts to interconnect different types of data files

 3. Low data redundancy

4. efforts to ensure optimal functioning of the system (minimum level of integrity

and security of information)

34) In databases, working with data files (data extraction and modification) is done
exclusively through:

1. data dictionary, which contains information on the structure of data and

restrictions fulfilled by them
2. data dictionary, which contains information on the physical structure of the computing
system
3. data dictionary, which contains information about users of the network on which the
database runs

35) With reference to databases, which of the following statements are true?

1. Physical autonomy is the possibility of modifying the architecture of the base

internally, without changing the conceptual scheme and rewriting programs
2. Logical autonomy is the possibility of modifying the architecture of the base internally,
without changing the conceptual scheme and rewriting programs
3. Logical autonomy involves modifying the conceptual scheme of the base, without
rewriting exploitation programs

4. Physical autonomy ensures the porting of the database from one computing system
to another, without changing the conceptual scheme and programs
5. Physical autonomy ensures the porting of the database from one computing system to
another, by modifying the conceptual scheme and programs

36) With reference to databases, which of the statements below are true?

1. The core of a database is the Data Dictionary

2. The analysis, design and implementation of the database structure is performed

 using a data model

3. The analysis, design and implementation of the database schema is performed

using a data model

37) With reference to the relational model of data organization, which of the following
statements are true?
1. More than one type of constraint cannot be declared in a tableAll attributes in the structure
of a table must be subject to validation rules
2. All attributes in the structure of a table must be subject to validation rules
3. An attribute cannot accept default values
4. ...

38) According to the relational model of data organization, with reference to the NULL
value, which of the following statements are true?

1. some attributes are prohibited from NULL values

2. the attribute(s) declared/declared primary key can/can take the NULL value
3. attributes involved in calculating important information are prohibited from
null values

4. attributes of no particular importance can take the NULL value

39) The relational model has the following advantages:

1. provides procedural languages to users
2. improves data integrity and confidentiality
3. Consider a limited number of applications to ensure data security
4. proposes complex structures, more difficult to use

40) In the relational model of data organization, which of the following statements are
true?
 1. When the primary key of a table is composed, no attribute in the key can be
removed without destroying the uniqueness of the tuple
2. The values of the primary key attribute(s) are not always specified
3. When the primary key of a table is composed, an attribute in the composition of the
primary key may have null values
41) For a table integrated into a relational database, which of the following statements are
true?
1. Multiple primary keys can be declared
2. There can be only one foreign key
3. A child table must have only the foreign key, not the primary key
4. ...

42) According to the relational model, in a table:

1. The primary key unequivocally identifies each tuple

2. The foreign key unambiguously identifies each record
3. The order represents the number of attributes that make up the structure of the
table

4. Cardinality is the number of records uploaded to the table

43) In the relational model of data organization, which of the following statements are
true?

1. Any attribute of a table must be atomic

2. All domains of a database must contain basic data

3. The declaration of restrictions aims to increase the degree of correctness and

reliability of the data in the database

4. Restrictions are declared by the user

5. Compliance with restrictions is the responsibility of the user
44) With reference to the relational model, which of the following statements are true?

1. Foreign keys are attributes or combinations of attributes that connect lines in

different relationships

2. Referential restriction occurs when one relationship references another

relationship

3. most DBMS have mechanisms for automatic declaration and management of

referential restrictions

45) Which of the following statements are restrictions on the relational model of data
organization?

1. regula la nivel de atribut

2. Tabula-level rule
3. Database-level rule
4. Line-level rule

5. record-level rule

46) In the case of relational databases, which of the following statements are true?

1. The content of a relationship is represented by the set of tuples that make it up at

any given moment
2. The domain restriction refers to all authorized values for a tuple
3. In a relationship there can be several identical lines
4. The scope constraint refers to all authorized values for an attribute

47) In relational databases, an attribute-level restriction:

1. prevents the entry into the database of values that do not meet the established
 intervals or accepted formats

2. is an expression that contains the attribute, constants, and system functions

3. is an expression that by evaluation provides a value of type TRUE or FALSE

4. is an expression evaluated when changing the structure of the table

48) In tables integrated into relational databases:

1. A record-level restriction must contain at least two attributes

2. There may be more restrictions at the registration level
3. The expression defining a record-level restriction is evaluated when inserting or
changing any line
4. The expression defining a record-level restriction evaluates when you insert or change any
attribute
49) In the relational model of data organization, referential restriction:

1. shall be established between two tables by means of a common attribute

2. Prohibits the appearance of foreign key values that are not found in the parent table
3. occurs when one relationship references another relationship

50) Which of the following elements are included in the schema of a database?

1. Table names
2. Name, type and length of tuples
3. Uniqueness restrictions
4. Constraints take computing system level
51) Which of the following elements are included in the schema of a database?

1. Attribute name, type, and length

2. Tabulation-level constraints
3. Referential restrictions

4. Behavior restrictions