Mec658 Chapter 1

MEC658
Radial Turbomachinery
Section 1
Course Outline
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MS TEAM
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
The course covers principles of the radial turbomachinery from
aero-thermodynamics point of view. The structure of this course
reflects the requirement of the radial turbomachinery design. In
the beginning of the syllabus, the basic concept of radial
turbomachinery and the correlation of the thermodynamics and
fluid mechanics are given. The radial-equilibrium concept is
introduced to the students so they can correlate the energy
conversion. Then, the syllabus proceeds with the generalized
concept of the compressor and turbine design. The students will
analyze the turbine characteristics base from the non-dimensional
parameters. Entropy loss generation will be given to predict the
turbine performance. Finally, some of the special problems with
regards to the radial turbomachinery applications will be
discussed.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1 Explain the technical concept of turbomachinery principles.
[PO1,LO1]{C2}
CO2 Apply the fundamentals of turmodynamics and fluids
mechanics in the radial turbomachinery [PO2, LO3,
SS1]{C3}
CO3 Analyze the characterization of radial turbomachinery
[PO2, LO3, SS1]{C4}
CO4 Conceptually design a radial turbomachinery that meets the
specified requirements. [PO3, LO2]{C5}
CO5 Evaluate the performance of the radial turbomachinery.
[PO4, LO3}{C6}
CO6 Present design project in a professional manner. [PO9,
LO4, SS2]{A2}
CO7 Work in a group as a team member. [PO10, LO5,
SS3]{A3}
Course Contents
1. Introduction of Radial Turbomachinery
2. Review of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics
3. Radial-Equilibrium Theory (Principles of
Turbomachinery in Air-Breathing Engines)
4. Preliminary design and analysis of Centrifugal
Compressors
5. Preliminary design and analysis of radial turbines
6. Generalized one-dimensional performance prediction
7. Geometric description of turbomachine blades and
passages
8. Special problems associated with turbomachine design
and operation
Teaching Methodology
Lecture
Lectures will be given 2 hours per week.
Practical
Practical sessions will be held 2 hours per
week for students to work on their
conceptual design projects.
Assessment
Assessment
Course Work : 100 %
Design Projects (P) : 40 %
Concept Paper (S) : 10 %
Test #1 (T1) : 25 %
Test #2 (T2) : 25 %
Final Examination : 0%
Total : 100
Textbook & References
Recommended Textbook
A WHITFIELD and N.C BAINES, “Design of Radial
Turbomachines”, Longman Scientific and Technical, January 1,
1990
References
1. S.L DIXON and C.A Hall, “Fuid Mechanics and
Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery”, Elsevier, 2010
2. R.I LEWIS, “Turbomachinery Performance Analysis”,
Elsevier, 1996
3. H.P. Bloch and C. Soares, “Turboexpanders and Process
Applications”, Elsevier, 2001
Section 2
Chapter 1: Introduction of Radial Turbomachinery
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Chapter Outline
1. Introduction
2. History and applications
3. Centrifugal Compressors
4. Radial Turbine
5. Non-dimensional parameters
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Chapter Outcome
CO1 Explain the technical

concept of turbomachinery
principles. [PO1,LO1]{C2}
CO2 Apply the fundamentals of
turmodynamics and fluids
mechanics in the radial
turbomachinery [PO2, LO3,
SS1]{C3}
Requirements
•Power input/output
•Flow Capacity
Theoretical
Manufacturing Modeling
•Process
Identification •Fundamental 1D
•Supplier & business •Conflict of design
Introduction partner •Design & off-design

performance
for
Turbomachine Design
Design Computational
Components
Analysis
Design
•3D CFD
•Supporting
•Flow analysis
components
•Design Map
•Bill of Materials
•Optimization
Testing &
Verification
•Prototype
fabrication
•Lab testing
History and applications
• First centrifugal pump designed by
Denis Pain in 1705.
• Since industrial revolution.
• Example of Radial Turbomachine:
1. Turbocharger and
supercharger
2. Gas turbine
• Main components of the centrifugal compressor in figure.
Centrifugal 1. Inducer duct
2. Impeller
Compressor 3. Diffuser
4. Scroll
• The compressor performance map.
• Surge Region
• Choke Region
Surge Region
Choke Region
Components of Centrifugal Compressor Compressor Performance Map

Impeller • Rotational components of
the compressor.
• Flow inlet in axial direction
and exit in radial directions.
• Contains of blades.
OUTLET
• The blade number depends
on the design requirements.
• Increase the energy content
(pressure) and act as
diffuser (reduce velocity).
INLET • Large energy loss due to
entropy generation in the
impeller passage.
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• Discharge/ outlet flow into compressor scroll.
• Reduce the kinetic energy and increase the static pressure.
• A vaneless passage and an airfoil/wedged vaned section to
Diffuser guide the flow.
Compressor Scroll/volute
• Encapsulate the
impeller.
• Stationary components
and guide the flow to
discharge.
• Will determine the flow
capacity of the
compressor.
•
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Radial Turbine
• Expand the hot gas that enters from radial
direction in the volute and exit flow in axial
direction into useful work.
• The inlet flow guide the flow for minimizing
energy losses.
• Major components:
• Volute
• Rotor
• Shaft
• Bearing system

• Volute comprises of inlet section and stator section.
• The flow approach the turbine in axisymmetric annular direction.
Volute • The cross-section area at the inlet is maximum and gradually decrease towards the
end section (spiral shape) to provide swirl effect or tangential velocity.
• The size if the cross section determines the flow inlet angle.
Stator
• Turbine stator is a section between the spiral
inlet section and the rotor.
• The stator guides the flow into the rotor, and
it can be designed with a guided vane or
vaneless.
• The vane guide the flow into the rotor at
optimum angle and increase peak efficiency.
• Vaneless/nozzles is designed due to
manufacturing cost of guided vanes and has
a better off-design efficiencies.
• A controllable guide vane is used to increase
off design efficiency.
Rotor
• Rotor is a rotating component on a shaft
and bearing housing.
• The rotor rotates as the effect of the
swirling gas flow, and it transfer the gas
energy into useful work.
• A poor design of stator and rotor will
generate large losses.
• A better rotor design will maximize the
energy extraction (minimize losses) and
increase the turbine capacity.
Non-Dimensional
Parameters
• To present the details performance
characteristics of turbomachines.
• Independent and dependents variables of Compressor Maps
turbomachines:
ሶ 𝜼𝒕−𝒔 , 𝑷01 , 𝑷4 , 𝑻01 , 𝑵, 𝒅3 , 𝑹, 𝒌, 𝝁 = 0
𝒇 𝒎,
• Non-dimensional parameters:
𝑹𝑻01
𝑷01 𝑻01 𝒎ሶ 𝑵𝒅3 𝒎ሶ
𝒌
𝒇 , , , , ,𝒌 =0
𝑷4 𝑻4 𝑷01 𝒅23 𝑹𝑻01 𝝁𝒅3
• Matching of compressor and turbine

Turbine Maps
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MEC658

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CO1 Explain the technical

Introduction partner •Design & off-design

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Components of Centrifugal Compressor Compressor Performance Map

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• Matching of compressor and turbine

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