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4.Sv Object Oriented Programming

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15 views

4.Sv Object Oriented Programming

Uploaded by

dangthach2002vg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

OVERVIEW
◼ Object oriented design is a common programming
paradigm
 Data and the means to manipulate is described together in a formal
structure called a class

◼ An instance of a class is referred to as an object. Objects


are dynamically created and destroyed
 Memory allocation and de-allocation is handled automatically

◼ Code minimization and reuse is facilitated through


inheritance and polymorphism
CLASS
introduction
◼ A class is a data type
 Contains data referred to as class properties
 Contains subroutines (task/function) referred to as class methods
 Both properties and methods are members of class
CLASS
object creation

◼ An object is an instance of a class. To create a class


object:
1. Declare a handle (class variable)
◼When a handle is declared it is initialized to null

2. Create the object by invoking the new() method


◼When you call new() you are allocating a new block of memory to
store variable for that object. Initialized the variables to their
default value (0 for 2 state, x for 4 state)
CLASS
object destruction

◼ Objects destruction (de-allocation) done automatically when an


object is no longer being referenced

◼ Need to manually clear all handle by setting them to null


CLASS
accessing object member

◼ Refer to members using the . notation


CLASS
constructor
◼ Every class has a build-in method new() called the
constructor
No return type in declaration
May have arguments, which allows for run-time customization
Used for initialization of the instance
CLASS
static properties

◼ Unless declared static, each class object has its own copy of the
class properties
◼ Static properties shared between all instances of class
◼ Static properties can be used with out creating object
CLASS
const properties
◼ Global constant have an initial value as a part of their declaration. They
can not be assigned a value anywhere other than in the declaration

◼ Instance constant are assigned value in their constructors


CLASS
this

◼ The this keyword is used to unambiguously refer to (non-


static) members of the current instance
CLASS
data hiding: introduction

◼ By default, all members are visible in the scope in which


the object is visible or we can say it be accessed outside
the class directly using the dot operator

◼ This is not always desirable. To prevent accidental and


incorrect manipulation of class properties and invocation
of methods, they can be declared as local or protected

◼ Hiding the properties from being accessed outside the


class is called encapsulate
CLASS
data hiding: local member
◼ Properties and methods can be protected via “local”
CLASS
data hiding: local member
▪ Local members are only available to methods inside the class
CLASS
data hiding: local member
◼ Local members not visible in the derived class
CLASS
data hiding: protected member
◼ A protected member has all of the characteristics of a local
member, except that it can be inherited; it is visible to derived class
RANDOMIZATION
overview

◼ In SV, randomization is achieved via class


◼randomize() function built into class

◼ Two types of random properties are supported


rand: same value may come before all the possible value
have been returned
randc: same value does not get returned until all possible
value have been returned

◼ When the class function randomize() is called


◼Randomizes each rand and randc property value to full range
of its data type
RANDOMIZATION
controlling random variables

◼ The range of value of random variables are restricted


using constraint expression that are declared using
constraint block

◼ Constraint block are class members, like task, function


or variables. Multi constraint blocks may be defined

◼ Restrictions on constraint expressions:


Constraints can be any SV expression with variables of
integral type (bit, byte, int, …)
Constraints support only 2 state value
RANDOMIZATION
constraint: overview
RANDOMIZATION
constraint: relational operator

◼ There can be a maximum of only one relational


operation (<, <=, ==, >, >=) in an expression
RANDOMIZATION
constraint: set membership
◼ Select from a list or set with keyword inside

◼ Excluded from a specified set with !


RANDOMIZATION
constraint: implication
◼ Implication operator: ->
▪ if (…) … [else ..]
RANDOMIZATION
constraint: equivalence
◼ Equivalence operator: <->
 True bidirectional constraint
 A <-> B means if A is true B must be true and if B is true A must be
true
RANDOMIZATION
inline constraint
◼ Syntax:
obj.randomize() with { <new constraints> }
RANDOMIZATION
controlling randomization at runtime
◼ Turn randomization for properties on or off with
task/function int object_name.properity.rand_mode(0|1);
◼ 1 – enable randomization (default)
◼ 0 – disable randomization
RANDOMIZATION
controlling constraint at runtime
◼ Turns constraint block on or off with
task/function int object_name.constraint_block_name.constraint_mode(0|1);
◼ 1 – enable constraint (default)
◼ 0 – disable constraint
OOP INHERITANCE
INHERITANCE
overview
◼ Object-oriented programming
 New classes derived from original (base) class. This class is called a
derived class
 Inherits all contains of base class
INHERITANCE
overriding
◼ Derived classes may “override” the definition of a member
inherited from the base class
 “hides” the overridden property or method
 To override a method the child method’s signature must match the
parent’s exactly
INHERITANCE
super
◼ The super keyword is used to refer to members of the base class
 Required to access members of the parent class when the members
are overridden in the child class
 Only legal from within the derived class
INHERITANCE
$cast
◼ Derived classes compatible with base class

◼ $cast() can also be used as a function that check if the type of the arguments
match. It returns a true if they match and a false if they do not
OOP POLYMORPHISM
POLYMORPHISM
introduction(1)
◼ Consider a base class that is multiply derived into subclasses, each
of which overrides a common base method

◼ Polymorphism allows the use of variable in the base class to hold


subclasses object and to reference the methods of those subclasses
directly from the base class variable

◼ To achieve polymorphism the virtual identifier must be used when


defining the methods within that class
POLYMORPHISM
example(1)
POLYMORPHISM
example(2)
POLYMORPHISM
introduction(2)

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