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PRACTICAL RESEARCH I
Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 – MELC 5
Data Collection through Observation
and Inference

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Practical Research I
Activity Sheet No. 5
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Development Team of Practical Research I Activity Sheet

Writer: Gloria L. Salmo

Illustrators:
Editors:
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Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
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Margie Piamonte
Kent Charles G. Arnibal
Division of Sipalay City Management Team:
Renato T. Ballesteros
Regie B. Sama
Ronie T. Tababa
Annamor M. Eleccion
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Key M. Espada
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga
Mr. Donald T. Genine
Nestor Paul M.Pingil
Introductory Message

Welcome to learning area and grade level!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative

efforts of the Schools Division of Sipalay City and DepEd Regional
Office VI - Western Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning
Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to guide the
learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional

materials aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at
their own pace and time using the contextualized resources in the
community. This will also assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong
learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Practical Research I Activity Sheet will help you

facilitate the leaching-learning activities specified in each Most
Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-
face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available
to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent

learning.

For the learner:

The Practical Research I Activity Sheet is developed to help

you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning
material provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for
independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the
assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule.
 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS)

Name of Learner:_ __________________________ Grade and Section: ______

Date:

PRACTICAL RESEARCH I ACTIVITY SHEET

DATA COLLECTION THROUGH OBSERVATION AND INFERENCE

I. Learning Competency with Code

Collects data through observation and inference. (CS_RS11- IVd-f-1)

II. Background Information for Learners

OBSERVATION

Observation is a technique of gathering data whereby you

personally watch, interact, or communicate with the subjects of your
research. It lets you record what people exactly do and say in their
everyday life on Earth. It is also used in the social sciences as method for
collecting data about people, processes and culture. Through this data
gathering technique, proofs to support your claims or conclusions about
your topic are obtained in a natural setting. Witnessing the subjects
manages themselves in a certain situation and interpreting or expressing
your thoughts and feelings about your observation, you tend to deal with
the observation results in a subjective manner. Some say this element of
subjectivity makes observation inferior to other techniques. (Meng
2012)

Types

1. Participant Observation

The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the activities

of the individual or group being observed. Your actual involvement
enables you to obtain firsthand knowledge about the subjects’ behavior
and the way they interact with one another. To record your findings
through this type of observation, use the diary method or the logbook.
The first part of the diary is called descriptive observation. This initial
part of the record describes the people, places, events, conversation,
and other things involved in the activity or object focused on by the
research. The second part of the diary is called the narrative account
that gives your interpretations or reflections about everything you
observed.

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2. Non-participation or Structural Observation

This type of observation completely detaches you from the

target of your observation. You just watch and listen to them do their
own thing, without you participating in any of their activities. Recording
of non-participation observations happens through the use of a
checklist. Others call this checklist as an observation schedule.

These two observation types, participation and non-participation,

can occur in either of the covert or overt observation models. The first
lets you observe the subjects secretly; that is, you need to stay in a
place where the subjects don’t get sight of or feel your presence, much
less, have the chance to converse with you. The second permits you
to divulge things about your research to the participants. (Birks 2014)

Methods of Observation

1. Direct Observation

This observation method makes you see or listen to everything

that happens in the area of observation. For instance, things
happening in a classroom, court trial, street trafficking, and the like,
come directly to your senses. Remember, however, that to avoid
waste of energy, time and effort in observing, you have to stick to the
questions that your research aims at answering. What you ought to
focus your attention to during the observation is specified by your
research problem in general as well as your specific research
questions.

2. Indirect Observation

This method is also called behavior archaeology because, here,

you observe traces of past events to get information or a measure of
behavior, trait, or quality of your subject. Central to this method of
observation are things you listen to through tape recordings and those
you see in pictures, letter, notices, minutes of meetings, business
correspondence, garbage cans, and so on. Indirect observation takes
place in the following ways. (Peggs 2013; Maxwell 20120)

Methods of Indirect Observation

1. Continuous Monitoring

Here, you observe to evaluate the way people deal with one
another. As such, this is the main data gathering technique used in
behavioral psychology, where people’s worries, anxieties, habits, and
problems in shopping malls, play areas, family homes, or classrooms
serve as the focus of duties in this field of discipline.

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 2. Spot Sampling

This focuses on researching the extent of children’s nervous

habits as they would go through their regular personality development.
For a continuous or uninterrupted focus on the subjects, you record
your observations through spot sampling in an oral manner, not in a
written way.
Named also as scan sampling or time sampling, spot sampling
comes in two types: time allocation (TA) and experience sampling. In
TA sampling, what goes into the record are the best activities of people
you observed in undetermined places and time. Experience sampling,
on the other hand, lets you record people’s responses anytime of the
day or week to question their present activities, companions, feelings,
and so on. Data gathering in this case is facilitated by modern
electronic and technological gadgets like cellphone, emails, and other
online communication methods or techniques (Peggs 2013; Ritchie
2014)

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational sties

Baraceros, Esther (2016). Practical Research I, pp. 104-106
https://www.slideshare.net
https://www.coursehero.net

IV. Activity Proper

ACTIVITY 1: WHO AM I?
Direction: Supply the appropriate word to complete the sentence.
1. ___________ named also as scan sampling or time sampling.
2. ___________ is the main data gathering technique used in behavioral
psychology.
3. ___________ is also called behavior archaeology.
4. ___________ makes you see or listen to everything that happens in
the area of observation.
5. ____________ The observer, who is the researcher, takes part in the
activities of the individual or group being observed

ACTIVI TY 2: MATCH CHALLENGE

Direction: Match items in column A with items in column B. Letters
only.
A B

1. A technique of gathering data A. descriptive observation

whereby you personally watch,
interact, or communicate with
the subjects of your research.

2. The first part of the diary. B. Participant Observer

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 3. completely detaches you from C. Observation
the target of your observation
.
4. observation schedule. D. Structural Observation

5. takes part in the activities of the E. Checklist

individual or group being observed.

ACTIVITY 3: MORE CHALLENGE

Direction: Read the sentences carefully and identity if it is Participant
Observation or Non-Participant Observation.

1. A parent watching her children interact with other children in the

playground.
2. A Principal watching a teacher present a lesson to her class in order to
judge her effectiveness as an educator.
3. A doctor examines the patient after giving an injection.
4. A fisherman holding and watching his line for tautness indicating a fish has
bitten the bait.
5. A rescuer, carrying a rescued old man, watched the damage of the
incident cause by typhoon ”Rolly.”

V. Reflection: MEANINGFUL LIFE!

1. As a young researcher, what can you say about your present situation?
Why do you say so? What have you observed?