Name: Jane Marichu G.

Nieva 1st Year AB ReEd

Instructor: Mary Rose C. Grisola Physical Education

Hip-hop
Hip-hop dance is a unique and exciting style of street dance that is most commonly
performed to hip-hop music. Hip-hop dance is a vibrant form of dance that combines a
variety of freestyle movements to create a cultural piece of art. Through its three main
styles of popping, locking, and breaking, hip-hop dance has evolved into one of the most
popular and influential styles of dance.
History of Hip-Hop
The Bronx in the 70's was a rough, dangerous place to grow up. The youth were surrounded by
drugs, crime, poverty, gang violence, and overall struggle. Yet they, particularly the African
American and Latino youth (minority groups), were at best neglected by mainstream institutions.
Desperate for a way to escape their everyday struggles, they invented their own art forms. These
art forms, which the youth embodied in the way they dressed, talked, moved, and expressed
themselves, soon became a lifestyle. A way to live. This lifestyle and culture became known as
Hip Hop. Despite the negativity and tumult in the South Bronx, Hip Hop heads were able to rise
above their environment and create a positive form of release. Instead of substances and
violence, their energy was redirected to values like originality, creativity, identity, respect, and
community. The same way that our religious, ethnic, familial backgrounds inform our way of
being in the world, Hip Hop was the way that people could be in a way that felt right to them.
Deejaying, Emceeing, Breaking and Dancing, and Graffiti weren't just hobbies, they were
sanctuaries. As much as the art forms within Hip Hop have evolved over the decades, the core
tenants of the culture remain.
Popping
Created by Sam Solomon in Fresno, California, and performed by the Electric Boogaloos dance
crew, popping consists of quickly contracting and relaxing your muscles, causing a jerk in your
body. These jerks are known as "pops" or "hits". Popping is performed with other dance moves
and poses to the beat of the music.
Popping Terms
• Puppeting -Waving -The Creep
• Tutting -Robotting
• Ticking -Dynorama
• Strobing -Vibrating

Locking

Created by Don Campbell in Los Angeles and introduced by his crew, The Lockers,
locking involves a series of quick movements, each followed by "locking" into another
position, and then holding the last position for a few seconds.
The hips and legs usually remain in a relaxed position while movements of the arms and
hands are more distinct and exact. Movements are big and coordinated closely with the
beats of the music. Locking has a bit of a comedic flair and is usually performed to funk
or soul music. Dancers who perform locking movements are called "lockers."
 Locking Terms
• Lock
• Points
• Throwback
• Wrist Roll
• Iron Horse
• Muscle Man
• Scooby Doo
• Stop & Go
• Scootbot
• Skeeter Rabbit
• Funky Guitar
• Knee Drop
• Leo Walk

Breaking

Breaking (also referred to as b-boying or b-girling) is probably the most well-known

element of hip hop dance. Breaking is very unstructured and improvisational, and
evolved from a style of dance known as uprock. Breaking, or breakdancing, is composed
of movements performed at different levels: toprock (performed while standing),
downrock (performed close to the floor), power moves (acrobatics) and freeze moves
(poses). Dancers who perform breakdancing are often called b-boys, b-girls or breakers.
Breaking Terms
• Rock Steady Crew
• Zulu Kings
 • Sal Soul
• Crazy Commandos
• Dynamic Rockers
• New York City Breakers
• Air Force Crew
• Full Circle
• The Bronx Boys
• Seven Gems
Boogaloo

 Boogaloo is a very loose movement, mostly using the hips and legs. Boogaloo seems to
give the illusion that the dancer has no bones. This style is closely related to popping,
with dancers involved in rolling the hips, knees, legs, and head.
Boogaloo Terms
• Twist-o-flex -Walk-out
• Fakey -Neck-o-Flex
• Cobra -Slides
• Glides -Old Man
• Egyptian
 Social Dances
Social dances, or '80s party dances, emerged during the 1980s. The popular dances were adopted
by and subsequently taken to another level by club dancers. Social, a freestyle dance style, is the
element of hip hop frequently featured in music videos.
Social Dance Terms
• The Wop
• The Cabbage Patch
• The Roger Rabbit
• The Running Man
• The Rooftop
• The Humpty Hump
• The Worm
• The Charlie Brown
• The Kriss-cross
COSTUMES
Uncover the latest trends in hip hop costumes with our wide assortment of styles, inspired
by current street style and urban fashions. Danco’s hip hop costumes offer comfort and
flexibility to allow for a dancer’s best movement. Find outstanding hip hop costumes
made to impress, perfect for dance competitions and recitals. As always, all our
dancewear is Made in America.

JAZZ DANCE
Jazz dance originated in Africa and was brought to the United States during the time of
slavery. African dance was very different than the social dancing in Europe of the time,
 which was characterized by a stiff upper body. Africans adopted a looser, more fluid style
of dance. Rooted in this history, dance evolved into several distinct jazz styles.
HISTORY OF JAZZ DANCE
Before the 1950s the term “jazz dance” referred to a range of dance styles that originated
from the African American vernacular dances of the late 1800s to mid 1900s. During the
1950s, modern jazz dance appeared on the scene which was rooted in Caribbean
traditional dance and had a very different style. There are many different styles of jazz
dance which can all be traced back to one of these earlier styles.
Until the 1950s, the term jazz dancing was often used to refer to tap dancing. This is
because tap dancing was one of the most prominent forms of dance of the era and was
often performed to jazz music. Over many years, jazz dancing evolved and from it were
born a range of social and concert styles. The origins of many popular forms of jazz
dancing can be found here. Such styles include the Cakewalk, Charleston, Black Bottom,
Jitterbug, Boogie Woogie and Swing – many of which still remain popular today.
It was after the 1950s that the modern jazz dance which is recognized by audiences and
dancers around the world began to develop. During this period, there was an increased
supremacy of other forms of entertainment music, and jazz dance evolved onto Broadway
with a new smooth style that is epitomized by musicals such as Chicago and Cabaret.
These popular musicals were choreographed by Bob Fosse who is largely responsible for
popularizing jazz dancing. He took much of his influence from choreographer Jack Cole
who is often considered the father of jazz dance. To this day, modern jazz is an
indispensable ingredient of musical theatre, which is very apparent in many
contemporary music videos and competitive dances.
Modern jazz dance frequently influences other styles of dance such as ballet,
contemporary and lyrical to mention just a few. It’s also ever-evolving as it is equally
influenced by the styles of dances that it influences. As with most forms of dance, any
proficient jazz dancer will require an excellent technique. The best jazz dancers benefit
from a good working knowledge of ballet and as a result, training the jazz dancer often
includes ballet training.
As with any style of dance, jazz dancing requires the dancer to wear a specific type of
dance clothing. The most important of which are the dance shoes which are called jazz
shoes. They usually have suede soles to allow the dancer to easily execute spins and turns
whilst still providing adequate traction to move around the performance space without
slipping over. The jazz shoe upper is usually made from soft leather which enables the
dancer to easily flex the foot. Over time, the soft leather will also mould to the shape of
the dancer’s foot to make them highly Comfortable and enable the dancer to give their
best possible performance.
There is a huge choice of jazz shoes on the market today which gives the dancer great
choice. Jazz shoes can be high rise, low rise, slip on or lace up. Whilst they will almost
always have a soft leather upper, they can occasionally have a pvc upper and even mesh
 insoles. They’re available from a wide range of brands such as Bloch, Dance Gear,
Capezio and So Danca. These popular dancewear companies manufacture jazz shoes as
well as a wide range of other dance clothing, bags and other dance accessories that
dancers often use in dance class and for fashion.
STYLE AND METHODS

7 Different Styles of Jazz Dance

Cakewalk
The cakewalk style of jazz dance was a socially acceptable way slaves made fun of their
owners. Dances were usually held at the master's house on the plantation and often took
the form of a competition with cake as the reward for the winning dancers, hence the
name of the style. Slaves would line up and high step in a straight line, mimicking their
masters and other aristocrats. The style died out between 1915 and 1920.
Black Bottom
The black bottom style of the early 1900s earned its name from the slapping of the
bottom during the dance. Soloists or couples hopped forward and backward, stamped
their feet and gyrated their pelvises, all while slapping their own bottoms.
Charleston
The Charleston first became a popular jazz dance style in the 1920s and is still being
practiced today. The basic step of the Charleston involves pivoting the feet in and out
while straightening and bending the knees. Weight is shifted from foot to foot and the
unweighted foot kicks out at an oblique angle.
The Lindy Hop and Jitterbug
The Lindy hop, characterized by breakaways from a couple's embrace to engage in
intricate solo footwork, is often called the jitterbug today. The style originated in the
Savoy ballroom in Harlem in the late 1920s. According to The Lindy Circle website, the
name jitterbug may have referred to the way white people danced the Lindy hop, which
appeared to some as though they were intoxicated. Today, the jitterbug name is used for a
variety of different styles in different places.
Swing and Boogie Woogie
Swing dance and the Lindy hop were terms used interchangeably for the same dance style
up until 1945, when other forms of swing dancing were invented, making the Lindy hop
just one of many styles of swing dance. The boogie-woogie is a swing style where
dancers move to a blend of big-band swing and blues music beats. The boogie-woogie is
generally a fast style involving flying feet, hops, stomps and jumps.
COSTUMES
Jazz dance costumes prove to be one of the most glamorous costumes of all dance styles.
Fitted and spunky, the attire helps to heighten any performance. Here is a Dance Poise
article that gives your ideas on dressing up for a hot dance.
The dancers are therefore required to wear proper costumes that emphasize the lines of
the body. This would mean the attire needs to fit properly without all the fuss and frills. It
would also depend on the creativity of the designer to come up with new ideas that would
highlight the body and make the outfit look glamorous for stage shows
The Clothes
The costumes allow a lot of freedom when it comes to colors. You can opt for flashy and loud
colors that can be synchronized with the other dancers from the groups. The colors can be used
to highlight the movements of the dance steps for a particular performance. And since the outfits
aren’t loose, the colors can help to complement the energy of the dancers. These are often
worked upon when the dance incorporates a certain theme. In such cases, the colors are also used
to symbolize the meaning of the movements, which the dancer is trying to portray. Halter tops,
racer backs, sequin tops, well-fitted long pants are very popular. Less clothing is necessary that
doesn’t come in their way as the dance is highly energetic, and the dancers need be comfortable
in their attire. Therefore, most dancers prefer to wear shorts, tights, and fitted tops. Also, many
incorporate stretch blends to allow more flexibility. A lot of embellishments such as sequin or
crystals are considered to be very in. These are used to add the glam and glitter to any stage
performance
 The Shoes
On the other hand, the shoes are as important part of a costume as the clothes. These need
to be simple and light. They should allow the jazz dancer the right kind of flexibility
needed and not hinder the performance. Jazz shoes are available in neutral and black
colors with a slight heel. The lyrical shoes are also gaining popularity of late. These give
the illusion that the jazz dancer is performing without actually wearing any shoes. These
are often worn for performances or even for the basic classes.
Remember, the costumes are not similar to ballet. These are designed to be showy
without looking over the top. No performance can ever be complete without the right
costume. So, it’s time you pick the right attire and set the stage on fire!

CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Contemporary dance is a style of expressive dance that combines elements of several
dance genres including modern, jazz, lyrical and classical ballet. Contemporary dancers
strive to connect the mind and the body through fluid dance movements. The term
"contemporary" is somewhat misleading: it describes a genre that developed during the
mid-20th century and is still very popular today.
HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY DANCE
Contemporary dance was developed in the mid-20th century when a ballet dancer in the
United States, Isadora Duncan, decided to break away from the rigid technique of ballet
and was able to develop her own style which she called contemporary dance. This was
between the years 1878 and 1927. She was able to emphasize her technique and based it
on ease of movement using the body’s natural energy and lines, allowing more range in
fluidity of movement than other conventional techniques
 Another icon in the field of contemporary dance is said to be Merce Cunningham who
was considered to be the first choreographer to actually develop an independent attitude
towards modern dance and defy all the ideas that was established by it.
In the year 1944, Merce was able to accompany his dance technique with music from
John Cage, who was able to perceive that Cunningham’s dance was a dance that no
longer depended on linear elements nor movements towards and away from climax. The
dance was able to assume that an element i.e., a sound, movement, change of light is in
and of itself dramatic; as what it communicates is in large part determined by the
spectators themselves.
In the year 1953, Merce Cunningham was able to form the Merce Cunningham Dance
Company. He was able to create over more than 150 works for the company, many of
which have been performed even internationally by both modern dance and ballet
companies.

CONTEMPORARY style and methods

As previously explained, contemporary dance is all about innovation, creativity,
versatility and flexibility both of mind and body. The techniques used are normally in
line with one’s natural lines and energy as it allows for more fluidity and movement than
traditional dance techniques.
Listed below are the four main techniques of contemporary dance:
• Cunningham Technique – This type of technique is named after Merce Cunningham
who mainly put focus on design of the body in articulation, space and rhythm. This
means that these techniques are able to use an individual’s own “line of energy” to
promote a more natural and easy movement.
• Graham Technique – Named after its founder, Martha Graham, the technique tends to
concentrate on the use of contraction, release, fall and recovery i.e. the technique is
characterized by the use of abdominal and pelvic contractions and floor work. The style
is also very much grounded and is evidently differing to the sylphlike, airborne ideals of
ballet.
• Limon Technique – This technique was coined together by Jose Limon and it tends to
explore the use of energy in relation to working with weight and gravity in terms of fall,
rebound, suspension and recovery. In simple terms the technique tends to use the feeling
of “heavy energy” and weight in the body. The movements are initiated using breath to
lift and swings through the body to generate and pause movement. It also tends to feel
very nice when one is preforming.
• Release – When it comes to this technique it tends to put a lot of emphasis on the
minimizing tension in search of both fluidity and clarity and efficiency in the use of both
energy and breath i.e. just like the title states, one is able to release through the muscles
 and joints in order to generate ease of movement, while releasing the breathe to aid the
release of one’s body. This is a very great way of relaxing as a technique as well as a
dance style.

COSTUMES
Contemporary dance is full of flowing movement intermingled with sharp, exaggerated
steps that can both beautifully halt and make the imagination soar during one single
routine. Due to the dance genre's unique choreography and edgy manner of storytelling to
music, contemporary dance outfits should be synonymous with the choreography and the
emotions being conveyed to the audience. Just as you wouldn't wear a ballroom gown for
a tap dance performance, contemporary dance has its own appropriate line of items that can
help you look your best.

Performance
Costumes are all about accentuating this union of sharp precision and flowing motions.
While final selections are often at the discretion of the choreographer or studio owner,
there are some dance world guidelines that many groups follow.
Baby Doll Dresses
Baby doll dresses paired with dance shorts are a popular choice for many performances
and competitions. Many of the young women who participate in contemporary dance
look gorgeous in these waistless and hemless dresses, and they are often affordable
enough to purchase for an entire team without too heavy of a financial burden. The baby
doll dance dress can come in watercolor (a more artistic and subtle form of tie dye), in
solid colors, or in sheer fabrics that look stunning in more dramatic or holiday pieces.
You can also find them in almost any print, and if you do not locate something fitting to
your routine, they are very simple to sew.
Handkerchief Dresses
For those looking for something a bit more modest or classic looking, handkerchief
dresses are another common option when it comes to contemporary dance costumes.
These are often made out of lycra or spandex, with a spaghetti strap or sleeveless top and
a connected skirt that comes below the knees. Often the hemline is uneven, to provide a
more graceful, 'dancer' look.
Unitards
For a sharp, fluid look, especially for large teams, unitards are sometimes chosen. These
full-bodied leotards are tight fitting and can be either tank tops ending with shorts or
Capri pants, or long-sleeved tops with full-legged bottoms. Some even come with hoods
or attached foot coverings. Unitards come in solid colors or in patterns, and they can be
embellished with sequins or attached scarves, skirts, or anything else that will set your
team apart from the rest. Starting with a basic unitard is best, as it is inexpensive and
practical, and then you can have your seamstress add whatever you'd like.
Rehearsals
During contemporary dance rehearsals, outfits vary at the discretion of the studio owner.
Customarily, students will wear a leotard with spandex shorts and a tank top or t-shirt
over the leotard. Students often dance barefoot, but may also opt for jazz shoes, ballet
shoes or foot paws if they prefer.