12

TRENDS, NETWORKS,
AND CRITICAL
THINKING IN THE 21ST
CENTURY
Quarter 4
Module 8, Week 1
Meaning and Dimensions of
Democracy
FLORINDA P. GEYROZAGA
Compiler/Contextualizer

TRENDS, NETWORKS, AND CRITICAL THINKING OF THE 21 ST CENTURY

 Second Semester
Quarter 4: Module 8, Week 1
Meaning and Dimensions of Democracy

Content Standard The learner understands the meaning and

dimensions of democracy.

Performance Standard Using any form of oral presentation, the learner

explains creatively the ill effects of undemocratic
practices related to factors such as gender
biases, poverty, political marginalization, racial
inequality, cultural combination, crisis of
representation and politics of recognition.

Learning Outcomes 1. Explain the importance of participation in

democracy.
2. Differentiate participatory from representative
democracy.

What I Know

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and

exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation
usually involving periodically held free elections.
A. monarchy C. oligarchy
B. democracy D. anarchy

2. It is a democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties)

with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the
government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.
A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

3. It is the political movement toward greater democracy for the common man
typified by the American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters.
A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

4. Conceived in the 19th century, it promotes universal access to health, education,

just compensation for workers, and social services. It seeks to reform capitalism
through state laws and other regulatory policies.
A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Social democracy

Page 1 of 18
5. It is generally understood to be a system of government in which people consent
to their rulers, and rulers, in turn, are constitutionally constrained to respect
individual rights.
A. Social democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

6. The following are characteristics of liberal democracy, EXCEPT __________.

A. secret ballots and frequent regular elections
B. was built on the principles of expanded suffrage, Manifest Destiny,
patronage, strict constructionism, and laissez-faire economics
C. governments that can alter, interpret, and enforce laws to suit (within
lime limits) the majority's preferences
D. limited governmental powers, which are kept in check by constitutional
guarantees including separation of powers

7. It is a form of government in which the citizens themselves have the opportunity

to make decisions about public policy.
A. participatory democracy C. liberal democracy
B. representative democracy D. parliamentary democracy

8. It is a type of democracy in which the citizens of the state exercise their popular
sovereignty through legitimately elected representatives.
A. liberal democracy C. participatory democracy
B. parliamentary democracy D. representative democracy

9. These are ways citizens can work together—even when they disagree—to address
shared problems.
A. representative democracy C. parliamentary democracy
B. democratic practices D. social democracy

10. These are the rights exercised in the formation and administration of a
government.
A. right to vote C. political rights
B. right to life D. civil rights

11. The following are examples of a civil right, EXCEPT __________.

A. right to a free trial
B. right to a public education
C. right to government services
D. right to political participation

12. This pertains to the various formulations, mechanisms, and institutions which
are crafted to enable the people to actualize their sovereign will in the democratic
processes.
A. the practice of democracy C. the principle of democracy
B. the structure of democracy D. the sovereign people

13. The following political thinkers have common view that people in a democracy
are sovereign equals, EXCEPT __________.
A. Thomas Robert Malthus C. Thomas Hobbes
B. Baron de Montesquieu D. John Locke

Page 2 of 18
14. This means involvement or engagement with something which is freely done,
without coercion, and without threat or fear.
A. the structure of democracy C. the principle of democracy
B. the practice of democracy D. participation in democracy

15. These rights give the citizen power to participate directly or indirectly in the
administration.
A. civil liberties C. political rights
B. human rights D. natural rights

Meaning and Dimensions

Lesson 1
of Democracy

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. explain the importance of participation in democracy; and

2. differentiate participatory from representative democracy.

What’s In
Activity 1: VOCABULARY IMPROVEMENT

Instructions: Based on your stock knowledge, define democracy in your own words
and give your reasons why the surrounding words are related to the word
DEMOCRACY. Construct sentences using the newly learned words. Write your
answer on a piece of paper.

equality
freedom
government

democracy

republic justice
suffrage

Page 3 of 18
 What’s New
Activity 2: TRUE OR FALSE
Instructions: Read each statement very carefully and choose whether it is TRUE or
FALSE. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_______1. Democracy is derived from the Greek words demos and kratos.
_______2. In a direct democracy, all members of a political party gather and
individuals cast their votes.
_______3. Representative democracy pertains to electing officials to represent the
community’s concern.
_______4. Civil rights guarantee of equal social opportunities and equal
protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other personal
characteristics.
_______5. The classification of human rights are personal, political, social and
economic, and cultural rights.

What Is It

Understanding Democracy

People casting votes for their candidates; a mass action denouncing corrupt
officials in government; students rallying against successive tuition fee increases;
consumers complaining through the media the exorbitant prices of basic
commodities; and demonstrations in support of a country’s claim to territorial rights
in contentious waters. The mass actions and public clamor are eventually heeded by
politicians whom people elected to formulate and execute laws, maintain peace and
order, pursue development, and forge ties with other nations. These characterize a
society where democracy rules.

Democracy means the “power of the people.” It originates from the Greek
words demos which means “people,” and kratos, which means “strength or power.”
Democracy is a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and
exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually
involving periodically held free elections.

There are various types of democracy. The following are some of them:

1. Parliamentary Democracy is a democratic form of government in which the

party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in
the parliament (legislature) forms the government, its leader becoming prime
minister or chancellor.

Page 4 of 18
2. Jeffersonian Democracy is named after its advocate Thomas Jefferson, was
one of two dominant political outlooks and movements in the United States
from the 1790s to the 1820s. The term was commonly used to refer to
the Democratic-Republican Party (formally named the "Republican Party"),
which Jefferson founded in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander
Hamilton. The Jeffersonians were deeply committed to American
republicanism, which meant opposition to what they considered to be artificial
aristocracy, opposition to corruption, and insistence on virtue, with a priority
for the "yeoman farmer," "planters," and the "plain folk."

3. Jacksonian Democracy is the political movement toward greater democracy

for the common man typified by the American politician Andrew Jackson and
his supporters. Jacksonian democracy was built on the principles of expanded
suffrage, Manifest Destiny, patronage, strict constructionism, and laissez-
faire economics.

4. Liberal or Constitutional Democracy- is generally understood to be a system

of government in which people consent to their rulers, and rulers, in turn, are
constitutionally constrained to respect individual rights. However, widely
divergent views exist regarding the meaning of consent and individual rights,
of the forms of government that are best suited to the preservation of popular
rule and the protection of rights, and of the types and effectiveness of
constitutional constraints within forms of government. Nonetheless, liberal
democracy is common throughout most of the developed world. At a
minimum, liberal democracy is characterized by the following
a. Widespread political participation by adult citizens, including members
of minority groups that include racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, and
economic minorities.
b. Secret ballots and frequent regular elections.
c. Broad freedom of individuals to form and support political parties, with
each party free to present its views and form a government.
d. Governments that can alter, interpret, and enforce laws to suit (within
limits) the majority's preferences.
e. Effective guarantees of individual and minority rights, especially in areas
such as freedom of speech, press, conscience, religion, assembly, and
equal treatment before the law; and
f. Limited governmental powers, which are kept in check by constitutional
guarantees including separation of powers (so that all executive,
legislative, and judicial powers are not, in effect, exercised by the same
person or institution).

Because of the importance of rights guarantees and limitations on power,

liberal democracy is often understood to be synonymous with constitutional
democracy. Constitutional guarantees can take the form of widely shared and
practiced understandings or formal written rules.

Page 5 of 18
 5. Social Democracy is a government system that has similar values to
socialism, but within a capitalist framework. The ideology, named from
democracy where people have a say in government actions, supports a
competitive economy with money while also helping people whose jobs don't
pay a lot. Conceived in the 19th century, it promotes universal access to health,
education, just compensation for workers, and social services. It seeks to
reform capitalism through state laws and other regulatory policies.

The dimensions of democracy vary according to a writer’s perspective. For

political economic writers, democracy has one dimension only in terms of political
rights in the form of fair and free elections. For Roger Betancourt, political rights,
civil rights, and political legitimization compose the dimensions of democracy. When
people participate in government affairs such as election of officials and the creation
of laws, they exercise their political rights.

Civil rights guarantee of equal social opportunities and equal

protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other personal
characteristics. Examples of civil rights include the right to vote, the right to a
fair trial, the right to government services, the right to a public education, and the
right to use public facilities. Civil rights are an essential component of democracy;
when individuals are being denied opportunities to participate in political society,
they are being denied their civil rights. In contrast to civil liberties, which are
freedoms that are secured by placing restraints on government, civil rights are
secured by positive government action, often in the form of legislation. Civil rights
laws attempt to guarantee full and equal citizenship for people who have traditionally
been discriminated against based on some group characteristic. When the
enforcement of civil rights is found by many to be inadequate, a civil rights movement
may emerge in order to call for equal application of the laws without discrimination.

Unlike other rights concepts, such as human rights or natural rights, in

which people acquire rights inherently, perhaps from God or nature, civil rights must
be given and guaranteed by the power of the state. Therefore, they vary greatly over
time, culture, and form of government and tend to follow societal trends
that condone or abhor particular types of discrimination. For example, the civil
rights of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and LGBTQ community have only
recently come to the forefront of political debate in some Western democracies.

Political rights are the rights exercised in the formation and administration of
a government. They are given to citizens by the constitution. These rights give the
citizens the power to participate directly or indirectly in the administration.

Political rights are the right to political participation. Political participation

can take many forms; the most notable form is the right to vote. The right also covers
the right to join a political party; the right to stand as a candidate in an election; the
right to participate in a demonstration; and freedom of association.

Page 6 of 18
 It is important to know more of the dimensions of democracy to better
comprehend what democracy is all about. Michael S. Perry (2015) presents four
dimensions of democracy as follows:

1. The sovereign people refer to the “body-politic” or the people who rule. They are
in some sense a unified people who exercise sovereignty either by direct means
or through elected representatives. They comprise the citizens and the registered
voters during elections.

2. The principle of democracy means equality is the underlying principle of

democracy. It is the idea that the people are the ultimate source of sovereignty.
Political thinkers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu were
of the common view that people in a democracy are sovereign equals. Political
thinker Jean- Jacques Rousseau believed that men are born equal and free
regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, or beliefs. Cultural communities such as the
Batak of Indonesia, the Mangyan of the Philippines, or the Native Americans in
the U.S. are entitled to political rights just as the large ethnic group do. A society
characterized by inequality reflects a deficient democracy. Former U.S. President
Barack Obama himself noted that the increasing cases of inequality distort the
workings of democracy.

3. The structure of democracy pertains to the various formulations, mechanisms,

and institutions which are crafted to enable the people to actualize their sovereign
will in the democratic processes. Usually aided by technology and creativity,
organizations and movements innovate mechanisms for their concrete and
sustainable involvement in ruling. The structures of democracy are with
variegated forms, including election of representatives and judges, terms of office,
rights to petition the government, town hall institutions, public assemblies,
rotating leadership, and militia for the security of the body politic. The systems
of government such as republican, federalism, and parliamentary likewise
constitute additional structures or mechanisms of democracy. However, it should
be determined whether the implementation of these mechanisms facilitates or
obstructs the people’s involvement.

4. The practice of democracy involves the translation of the concept of democracy

into reality or making the rule of the people concretely manifested. A high turnout
during election presupposes a strong commitment to democracy while a low
turnout signifies the opposite. There is a need to examine the political class due
to its pivotal role in the success or failure of democracy. No matter how good the
principles and structures are if the people entrusted with authority show more
commitment to personal interests than to democracy, the failure of democracy is
bound to happen.

a. Democratic practices are ways citizens can work together—even when they
disagree—to address shared problems.

Page 7 of 18
 b. Democratic practices are variations on the things that happen every day
in communities. The four common democratic practices are free elections,
citizen participation, majority rule and minority rights, and
constitutional government.

The preferred democratic practices demonstrate the benefits of

democratic participation and the importance of participation in democracy.

a. Democratic participation is involvement or engagement with something

which is freely done, without coercion, and without threat or fear. It is
through democratic participation that a citizen and a future voter, can
actualize the power to rule through representatives, to control the
government, and to decide on issues of national concern.

b. Democratic participation gives opportunity to think aloud, without fear,

about concerns in the community and society, to influence those who
govern, and to contribute to the charting of the community’s future
direction which will ultimately impact life’s condition. Democratic
participation likewise enables to freely join or form a political party that
will field candidates during an election. People can demand for government
action in response to certain inadequacies in areas such as health care,
education, recreation, water utility, road networks, housing, and many
more.

c. Participation in democracy is important as it enables to attain knowledge

and experience of these democratic processes and practices. It may
distinguish and discriminate democratic and undemocratic processes,
practices, and concepts in the government.

d. Participation in democracy is the act of taking part in some action.

Participatory democracy is primarily concerned with ensuring that citizens
are afforded an opportunity to participate or otherwise be involved in
decision making on matters that affect their lives.

ARTICLE READING: What the Philippines tells us about democracy

It’s more fun in the Philippines – observers of Philippine democracy could very
well apply our tourism slogan to our political landscape. Hard-won after centuries of
colonization, years of occupation and decades of dictatorship, Philippine-style
democracy is colorful, occasionally chaotic – and arguably inspiring.

Take elections, for example, the cornerstone of democratic institutions. Voters

see their power to choose their leaders as their strongest check on the behavior of
the government, their one chance to exact accountability.

Page 8 of 18
 Analysts and commentators have branded political campaigns in the
Philippines as “highly entertaining.” The mix of old political clans, showbiz
personalities, and the ubiquitous song and dance that pepper the campaign trail
provide plenty of amusement. But be not deceived; the power to choose is a right and
responsibility that Filipinos hold dear.

Indeed, ballots are almost sacred in the Philippines. Voters have risked their
personal safety to exercise the right. In many cases, the public has seen it as their
one weapon against those who abuse their position.

Outside of economic reforms, this strong mandate has also enabled the
passage of social sector reforms – among them legislation allowing women access to
vital information and facilities pertaining to their reproductive health, and a measure
extending the education cycle to meet the global standard. These measures had
passionate advocates on both sides, and a less committed leadership could have
wavered at any point.

Improved government via more efficient tax collection and customs

administration, access to vital information and services and a better standard of
education: how could one argue that this is not what voters want when they take to
the polls?
More significantly, while the Philippines has embraced the democratic
traditions of participation and the freedom of choice and expression, the longer-term
challenge remains to deepen the quality of its democracy. Building political parties
on ideology and merit rather than personality, strengthening accountability
mechanisms within government, creating alternative sources of reliable information,
and enabling the electorate to make informed choices – there is clearly much more
work that needs to be done, despite the progress that has been made.

Democracy may be more fun in the Philippines, but this is not a country that
takes or makes its choices lightly.

Author: Julia Andrea R. Abad is the Head of the Presidential Management Staff at the
Office of the President of the Republic of the Philippines

Core Democratic Practices

Founded in 1927, the Kettering Foundation is a nonpartisan research

foundation focused on what people can do collectively to address problems affecting
their lives and communities and make democracy work as it should.
Kettering’s research over many years and in many local communities has
found that effective problem-solving and healthy democratic governance require:
• Active citizens seeking and exercising sound public choices about their
futures. (We should note here that the foundation uses the term citizen
not to connote legal status but to refer to a person’s civic responsibility.
The ideal is for all residents and stakeholders to act as citizens.)

Page 9 of 18
 • Strong communities acting together to deliberate and take action on
common problems.
• Community institutions, especially local government, and public schools,
aligning decision-making processes in ways that strengthen local self-rule
and the capacities of community members to work collaboratively on
common problems across differences of view.

Another responsibility of citizens is voting. The law does not require citizens
to vote, but voting is a very important part of any democracy. By voting, citizens are
participating in the democratic process. Citizens vote for leaders to represent them
and their ideas, and the leaders support the citizens' interests.

The Importance of Citizen’s Participation

Citizens make the future of the country. Many things depend on us,
citizens. In my mind, every citizen can do something useful for the development of
the country. It really does not matter what sphere we work in; it is our duty to do
everything we can to live in better conditions.

Citizen’s participation is a process which provides private individuals an

opportunity to influence public decisions and to be a component of the democratic
decision-making process. Citizen’s participation has always vital impact on the
development of the country as economically as socially.

FORMS OF DEMOCRACY

1. Participatory democracy is a form of government in which the citizens

themselves can make decisions about public policy. Participatory democracy,
like its close relative, direct democracy, seeks to promote a form of self-
determination or self-rule in which individuals actively make the decisions
that determine how they are to be governed. It gives citizens a central role in
the making of decisions through public discussion, negotiation, and voting.
2. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which the citizens of
the state exercise their popular sovereignty through legitimately elected
representatives. In a representative democracy, the citizens choose their
representatives by voting in elections. Typically, the chosen representatives
then congregate in a legislative assembly where they debate policy and
determine legislation. The classical theory of representative democracy
suggests that the representatives should act in accordance with the will or
interests of the citizens.

Page 10 of 18
 What’s More

Activity 3: IDENTIFICATION

Instructions: Supply the correct answers to the given questions below. Choose the
correct answers provided in the box.

The sovereign people Jeffersonian democracy Civil rights

Jacksonian democracy Democratic participation Democracy
Representative democracy Participatory democracy Social democracy
Liberal or constitutional democracy

______________1. A form of democracy which suggests that the representatives

should act in accordance with the will or interests of the citizens.
______________2. Gives you the opportunity to think aloud, without fear, about
concerns in your community and society, to influence those who
govern, and to contribute to the charting of your community’s
future direction which will ultimately impact your life condition.
______________3. Comprise the citizens and the registered voters during
elections.
______________4. Are examples of this kind of right: right to vote, the right to a
fair trial, the right to government services, the right to a public
education, and the right to use public facilities.
______________5. Gives citizens a central role in the making of decisions
through public discussion, negotiation, and voting.
______________6. Is a government system that has similar values to socialism, but
within a capitalist framework.
______________7. Manifest Destiny, patronage, strict constructionism, and laissez-
faire economics.
______________8. Means the “power of the people.” It originates from the Greek
words’ demos, which means “people”, and kratos, which means
“strength or power.”
______________9. Effective guarantees of individual and minority rights, especially in
areas such as freedom of speech, press, conscience, religion,
assembly, and equal treatment before the law.
______________10. Commonly used to refer to the Democratic Republican Party
(formally named the "Republican Party"), which Jefferson founded
in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton.

Page 11 of 18
Activity 4: COMPARE AND CONTRAST

Instructions: Using the Venn diagram below, make a comparison between

participatory democracy and representative democracy. Copy the Venn diagram
before you supply the correct answers. Use another sheet of paper in performing this
activity.

PARTICIPATORY

SIMILARITIES

REPRESENTATIVE

http://surl.li/igvc

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: CONCEPT MAP

Instructions: Make a concept map on the types of democracy. Make your own
concept map. The one given below is just an example.

Democracy

Basis for rating *Substance/content of ideas -(15) points

*Clarity of ideas -(10) points
Total= (25) points

Page 12 of 18
 What I Can Do

Activity 6: OPINIONS ANYONE?

Instructions: Write a 100-word essay on your learnings on the following questions
or situations given below. Choose only 1 question or situation you want to expound.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper observing proper margin and
indention.

Basis for rating *Substance/content of ideas -(10) points

*Clarity of ideas -(5) points
Total= (15) points

Essay
1. What is the importance of democracy?
2. Why should we value democracy?
3. What is the relation between civil and political rights and democracy?
4. Based on your experience as a student, what are the benefits of democratic
participation in school and community activities which you have enjoyed or are
currently enjoying?
5. What role can schools play in education for democracy?

Assessment

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. These rights give the citizen power to participate directly or indirectly in the
administration.
A. civil liberties C. political rights
B. human rights D. natural rights

2. The following political thinkers have common view that people in a democracy are
sovereign equals, EXCEPT ________.
A. Thomas Robert Malthus C. Thomas Hobbes
B. Baron de Montesquieu D. John Locke

3. It is involvement or engagement with something which is freely done, without

coercion, and without threat or fear.
A. the structure of democracy C. the principle of democracy
B. the practice of democracy D. participation in democracy

4. The following are examples of a civil right, EXCEPT ________.

A. right to a free trial
B. right to a public education
C. right to government services
D. right to political participation

Page 13 of 18
5. It is a form of government in which the citizens themselves have the opportunity
to make decisions about public policy.
A. participatory democracy C. liberal democracy
B. representative democracy D. parliamentary democracy

6. These are ways citizens can work together—even when they disagree—to address
shared problems.
A. representative democracy C. parliamentary democracy
B. democratic practices D. social democracy

7. This pertains to the various formulations, mechanisms, and institutions which

are crafted to enable the people to actualize their sovereign will in the democratic
processes.
A. the practice of democracy C. the principle of democracy
B. the structure of democracy D. the sovereign people

8. These are the rights exercised in the formation and administration of a

government.
A. right to vote C. political rights
B. right to life D. civil rights

9. It is generally understood to be a system of government in which people consent

to their rulers, and rulers, in turn, are constitutionally constrained to respect
individual rights.
A. Social democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

10. A type of democracy in which the citizens of the state exercise their popular
sovereignty through legitimately elected representatives.
A. liberal democracy C. participatory democracy
B. parliamentary democracy D. representative democracy

11. The following are characteristics of liberal democracy, EXCEPT ________.

A. secret ballots and frequent regular elections
B. was built on the principles of expanded suffrage, Manifest Destiny,
patronage, strict constructionism, and laissez-faire economics
C. governments that can alter, interpret, and enforce laws to suit (within
limits) the majority's preferences
D. limited governmental powers, which are kept in check by constitutional
guarantees including separation of powers

12. It is a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and
Exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation
usually involving periodically held free elections.
A. monarchy C. oligarchy
B. democracy D. anarchy

Page 14 of 18
13. The political movement toward greater democracy for the common man typified
by the American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters.
A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

14. It is a democratic form of government in which the party (or a coalition of parties)
with the greatest representation in the parliament (legislature) forms the
government, its leader becoming prime minister or chancellor.
. A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Liberal or Constitutional democracy

15. Conceived in the 19th century, it promotes universal access to health,

education, just compensation for workers, and social services. It seeks to
reform capitalism through state laws and other regulatory policies.
A. Jacksonian democracy C. Parliamentary democracy
B. Jeffersonian democracy D. Social democracy

Additional Activity

Activity 7: GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

Instructions: Make a graphic organizer of your learnings on this module about
democracy. A sample graphic organizer is given below. Do not copy the sample.
Make your own unique graphic organizer. Use a separate sheet of paper in doing
this task.

Basis for rating Substance/content of ideas-(15) points

Clarity of ideas -(10) points
Total= (25) points
Activity 8: REFLECTION PAPER
Instructions: Write a reflection paper on the article entitled “What the Philippines
Tells Us About Democracy.” Write your reflection paper on a short bond paper
observing proper indention and margin.
Basis for rating Substance/content of ideas-(15) points
Clarity of ideas -(10) points
Total= (25) points

Page 15 of 18
 Page 16 of 18
What’s More
Identification
1.Representative democracy
2. Democratic participation
3. The sovereign people
4. Civil rights
5. Participatory democracy
What’s New
6. Social democracy
True or False
7. Jacksonian democracy
8. Democracy
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
9. Liberal or constitutional
3. TRUE
democracy
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
10. Jeffersonian democracy
Answer Key
References
Abad, J. (2014). What the Philippines tells us about democracy. Retrieved 4
December 2020, from
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/05/philippines-democracy-east-asia-
2014/
Beetham, D., & Boyle, K. Introducing Democracy: 80 questions and answers.
Retrieved 4 December 2020, from
http://www.fmsoares.pt/aeb/biblioteca/indices_resumos/indices/010411.htm
Bevir, M. SAGE Books - Key Concepts in Governance. Retrieved 5 December 2020,
from https://sk.sagepub.com/books/key-concepts-in-governance/n33.xml
Democracy, Representative and Participatory | Encyclopedia.com. (2020). Retrieved
6 December 2020, from https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-
sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/democracy-representative-
and-participatory
Democratic Practices. (2020). Retrieved 4 December 2020, from
https://www.kettering.org/core-insights/democratic-practices
Democratic Practices That Inspire Collective Action. (2019). Retrieved 4 December
2020, from https://icma.org/articles/pm-magazine/democratic-practices-
inspire-collective-action
Duingan, B. Social democracy. Retrieved 4 December 2020, from
https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-democracy
Hamlin, R. (2020). civil rights | Definition, Law, History, & Facts. Retrieved 6
December 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/civil-rights
Jeffersonian Democracy. Retrieved 6 December 2020, from
https://hamiltonmusical.fandom.com/wiki/Jeffersonian_Democracy

Liberal Democracy | Encyclopedia.com. (2020). Retrieved 5 December 2020, from

https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/legal-and-political-
magazines/liberal-democracy
Rock, A. (2017). What is a Parliamentary Democracy? | The Borgen Project.
Retrieved 4 December 2020, from https://borgenproject.org/parliamentary-
democracy/#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20a%20parliamentary%20democracy,pa
rliament%20directly%20represents%20the%20people.&text=The%20President
%20leads%20the%20executive%20branch%20of%20government.
Shakaia, N. (2016). The importance of citizen’s participation. Retrieved 5 December
2020, from http://www.ladder-project.eu/?p=16008
The Jackson Administration | Boundless US History. Retrieved 5 December 2020,
from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-ushistory/chapter/the-
jackson-administration/
Touraine, A. What is democracy? Retrieved 5 December 2020, from
https://en.unesco.org/courier/novembre-1992/what-democracy
US Legal, I. Political Rights Law and Legal Definition | US Legal, Inc. Retrieved 4
December 2020, from https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/political-rights/

Page 17 of 18