Smoking Behavior Among Senior High Students at Tumauini Stand-Alone Senior High

School

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

RESEARCHER’S

SANDARA D. ARIBBAY

CRISTALYN A. BAGAUISAN

ROVILYN Q. TAGUINOD

JENDY VONAH M. RAMIREZ

JEZREL R. CARVAJAL

RAYE BENEDICK C. ARIBBAY

MARVIN T. ALLAM

MARVIN M. MANAGUELOD

CRISTIAN A. DAPENA

JOANN L. MAGALLONES

S.Y 2022-2023
 INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cigarette smoking and health are concepts that has increasingly interested researchers
and public organization over the world. Though the year’s cigarettes smoking has been
found to cause diseases such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other cardiovascular
diseases. Despite the known negative effect, the problem on cigarettes smoking persists
worldwide and the country.

The vast majority of people using cigarette smoking today began doing so when they
were adolescents. Globally at least 1 in 10 adolescents age 13-15 years old uses Cigarette,
although there are areas where this figure is much higher. Data reported that students of
ages 13-15 years 12.5% of students 18.3% of girls currently use any cigarette. (Global Youth
Tobacco Survey, 2019)

Adolescents see smoking as a way of rebelling and showing independence. They think
that everyone else in smoking and that they should, too. The tobacco industry has used
clever marketing tactics to specifically targets teenagers. This is the most common reason
that kid and teens, especially girls, starts to smoke, as in gives them a sense of belonging.
Those who have friend and/or parents who smoke are more likely to start smoking that those
who don’t.
Some teenagers says that they just wanted “just wanted to try it” or they though it was “cool”
to smoke. (Ehsan Taheri, Ahmad Ghorbani, Maryam Salehi, and Hamid Reza Sadeghnia,
2014).

The Department of Education (DEPED) released its Preventing Drug Education

Program (PDEP) Policy for Curriculum and Instruction through DEPED order (DO) No. 30
Dated July 12, 2018, to continually amplify its current efforts to provide Filipino learners with
the safe, nurturing, and drug free environment. The K-12 Basic Education Program places a
high priority on the development of circular platforms that will ensure the integration of the
fundamentals message across all learning domains. It also served as an anchor for earlier
insurance, such as DEPED Memorandum No. 200, Section. DO No. 40 and 2016
(Strengthening the National Drug Free Education Program in School). s. 2017 (Guidelines
for the Conduct Random Drug Testing for Public and Private Secondary School).
Smoking is the leading cause of death and smoking initiation rarely occurs after adolescent.
Thus research on adolescent smoking is crucial. A consistent definition of smoking is
important because inconsistent definitions make comparisons across studies an arduous
task. Thus, the aim of the study was to suggest future research directions for smoking
definitions after examining pitfalls in the literature.

The smoking epidemic is a matter of worldwide concern. It is notable that, the younger the
age at which smoking is initiated, the greater is the chance of becoming a heavy smoker,
and suffering from cigarette related-diseases. Smoking is at the top of harmful habits which
are increasing day by day. Cigarette smoking, threatening non-smokers as well as smokers,
is one of the considerable factors in millions of people’s loss of their life in the world each
year.

B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the Behavior of Smoking of the students at Tumauini
Stand-Alone Senior High School (TSASHS). Specifically, it seeks to answer the
following research questions:

1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of the following:

1.1 Sex
1.2 Age started smoking
1.3 Peer Cigarette/Vape Smoking
1.4 Family members Cigarette/Vape smoking
2. What is the Smoking behavior of the students who influence in terms of

1.5 Frequency of smoking

1.6 Sticks consumed per day
1.7 Juice consumed per week
3. Is there a significant relationship between Cigarette Smoking behavior and profile
variables of the students?
 C. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This research study is based on Icek Ajzen he created the Theory of Planned Behavior
(TPB) in a effort to forecast behavioral patterns in people. TPD offers a paradigm for
identifying important control, normative, and behavioral beliefs that influence behavior.

According to studies, those who had stronger incremental views about smoking were more
motivated to kick the habit because they intended to keep up their cessation efforts in the
event that a hypothetical quit attempt failed. No other published study that we are aware of
has looked into LTS, particularly among smokers and non smokers or if lay theories can
predict unique variation in smoking expectations apart from self efficacy.

Lay theories may deferentially forecast each groups behavioral expectation since
nonsmokers and smokers confront different challenges in terms of smoking behavior (the
former should prevent commencement while the later should avoid continuation). According
to the gradual theory of smoking, people can start or stop smoking whenever they desire
(Vietor, 2001). Holding an incremental theory may be associated with higher expectations to
try smoking for nonsmokers since such a perspective may decrease perceived risk for
smoking escalation and continuation in the future (Dweck, 2012), challenging formative lay
theories findings highlighting the beneficial role of incremental beliefs. Stronger incremental
beliefs among smokers may however, be associated with lower expectations of becoming a
regular smoker in the future, according to the lay theories literature(e.g. Dweck, 2012).

Theories of smoking and smoking cessation differ in their conceptualizations of the relative
importance of and inter-relationships between these factors. Interventions aiming to promote
healthy behaviors that are based on theory or theoretical contracts are more effective that
those not grounded in theory.

D. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study will focus on the behavior of smoking among senior high school students of
Tumauini Stand-Alone Senior High School. The data collection will be conducted to 276
randomly selected students in Senior High of Tumauini Stand-Alone Senior High School SY
2022-2023 who will represent the population. The data that will be gathered in this study will
be used for the researchers to determine the behavior of cigarette smoking of the students.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study about Smoking behavior will benefit the students Among Senior High
Student.Moreover, the study will beneficial specially to the following:

Students. The outcome of this study is to make the students awareness of them
smoking behavior.

Parents. This study will benefit the parents in a way that they will learn the behavior
of Cigarette Smoking among the students.

Teachers. With the help of this study, the teachers will have better understanding of
the cigarette smoking behavior, which unnecessary and helpful for the students.

Researchers. The researchers who are also students will be enlighten on the
smoking behavior of this fellow students and have better consciousness and
judgement I choosing their habits.

Future Researchers. To gain more knowledge about the behavior of Cigarette

smoking.
 F. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Peer influence. It is when you choose to do something you wouldn't otherwise do,
because you want to feel accepted and valued by your friends. It isn't just or always
about doing something against your will. You might hear the term 'peer pressure' used a
lot.
Smoking. Is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke is
typically breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

Vape. Is an electronic device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an

atomize, a power source such as battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank.

Cigarette. A tube-shaped tobacco product that is made of finely cut, cured tobacco
leaves wrapped in thin paper. It may also have other ingredients, including substances
to add different flavors. A cigarette is lit on one end and smoked, and the smoke is
usually inhaled into the lungs.

Pack per day. It is calculated by multiplying the number of packs of cigarette

smoked per day by the number of years the person has smoked.

Frequency of smoking. Smoking was assessed by the number of days per month
(DPM) on which cigarettes were smoked.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the through and in-depth
search done by the researchers. This will also present the synthesis of the following of the
reviewed literature and conceptual framework.

In a study conducted by Ehsan Taheri (2014). The current study aimed to investigate the
prevalence of cigarette smoking and the related factors among the students of medical
sciences in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran. As a result, among the
students, 15.3% reported having ever tried or experienced with the cigarette smoking. The
overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 9.8% with significant differences in prevalence
rated by gender, 17.6% among male and 4.2% among females. Starting and continuing
smoking was significantly correlated with the family cigarette consumption habits. The most
common reason to continue smoking was personal life distress (17.6%). The majority of
participants (92.3%5) reported that they were aware of the hazards was observed between
smokers and non-smokers. The most important preventive factor for cigarette smoking was
religious beliefs (69.1%).

Furthermore, it is assessed that men smoke about five times as much as women, yet
the ratio of female to-to-male smoking prevalence rate differ across countries in high-income
nations, including Australia, Canada, the United States of America and most nations of
Western Europe, females smoke at about the same rate as men. However, in some low-and
middle income nations female smoke less than men. In China, for instance, 61% of men are
accounted to be current smoker, compared with 23% of females. (Action on Smoking and
health, 2015) While females smoking prevalence rates are presently lower than men, they
are expected to increase in some low-and-middle income countries. (Hitchuman &Fong,
2011).

Each year a great amount of money is being wasted in smoking, although it is quite
obvious that smoking habit is dangerous and injurious to health still a large number of people
especially teenagers are attracted and involved in smoking habit day by day. Some reasons
of this addiction are obvious such as influence of friends or community member as teenage
is an enjoyable period of life span which offers all delights, it can be positive and negatives
as well. Some Teens do experimental smoking just for taste in friends gathering but this
experience enters in their life as regular experiment.

A lot of researcher has been done on adolescent smoking and teen behavior.
Majority of the researches are focused measuring volumes of smokers in schools, the
parental control and negligence, quitting smoking among teens.

The number of young adult smokers (age 18–29) who consume less than 5 cig/day has
increased from 4.7% in 1992 to 6.0% in 2002 . According to the 2002 National Survey on
Drug Use and Health, over one third of all adult smokers report smoking less than daily . The
2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data indicate that 26% of adult smokers
were non-daily smokers. The prevalence estimates of light and intermittent smoking are
likely an underestimate because most surveys rely on self-report measures and non-daily
smokers tend to self-classify as nonsmokers (10–13). This important change in the
composition of the US smoking population has developed in part because of tobacco control
policies, including home and workplace smoking restrictions, coupled with society’s
progressive DE-normalization of smoking.

Fifty-two participants out of 180 were smokers for past one year (28.9%). Among them,
21 (11.7%) smoked more than 5 cigarettes per day. Twenty smokers (11.1%) were found to
smoke due to peer influence. It was found that those who were influenced by their peers
were 8.33 times more prone to be addicted to smoking than those who were less influenced.
Similarly, the likelihood of addiction increased up to 76.9% with the lack of incentives.

In general, a light smoker is someone who smokes less than 10 cigarettes per day.
Someone who smokes a pack a day or more is a heavy smoker. An average smoker falls in
between. Sometimes a doctor will use the term pack year to describe how long and how
much a person has smoked.

To determine the risk in men and women smoking 1–4 cigarettes per day of dying from
specified smoking related diseases and from any cause. In both sexes, smoking 1–4
cigarettes per day was associated with a significantly higher risk of dying from ischemic
heart disease and from all causes, and from lung cancer in women. Smoking control
policymakers and health educators should emphasize more strongly that light smokers also
endanger their health.

In the current study, the most common reason to start smoking was friends. In
agreement with the current study findings, previous studies on medical students in Japan
and Albania also reported that friends were the most important factor associated with
smoking behavior. Also in the current study student sample about 50% of the participants
had smokers in their family, which again emphasizes on the important role of relatives and
friends on starting cigarette smoking. More prevalence of smoking in some ethnicity,
particularly Turk and Lor, emphasizes on identifying the ethnicity and cultural factors which
influence the smoking behavior and probably manifests the lower knowledge of these groups
regarding smoking complications. Sixth-year students had higher prevalence of smoking
(20%) than the students in the other study years. Therefore, it seems that the students in the
last years of education need a specific training regarding smoking cessation.

In a study conducted by Cheru Tesema Leshargie (2009) titled The impact of peer
pressure on cigarette smoking among high and university students in Ethiopia From 175
searched articles, 19 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this study.
The pooled prevalence of cigarette smoking among Ethiopian high school and university
students was 15.9%. Slightly higher prevalence of cigarette smoking was noted among
university students 17.35% as compared to high school students. The current aggregated
meta-analysis revealed that peer pressure had a significant influence on cigarette smoking.
It included a total of 254 students, 170 females (66.93%) and 84 male patients (33.07%). A
representative sample consisted of students of three faculties of the University of Tuzla. The
conducted analyzes have shown that in this sample 22.8% of current smokers, and 7.8% are
former smokers who now no longer smoke. Due to the adopted smoking habits, which some
students began to adopt in the age of 13, in 47.5% part of students occasionally was
observed some symptoms (cough, etc.) which are attributed to smoking. The analysis
showed no statistically significant gender difference in smoking habits. Although the trend of
smoking in the population students’ progression, one and the same quantity was well as
male colleagues. We did not find any statistically significant difference in onset of adopting
smoking habits.

1476 participants were included: 919 (62.3%) aged 18–20 years and 557 (37.7%) aged
21–24 years; 569 (38.6%) male and 907 (61.4%) female; and 117 (7.9%) Māori and 1359
(92.1%) non-Māori.49.8% (95% CI 47.2 to 52.4) of respondents reported ever smoking,
11.1% (95% CI 9.5 to 12.9) currently smoked (smoked at least once a month) and 5.9%
(95% CI 4.8 to 7.3) smoked at least daily (daily smokers). Of current smokers, 63.6%
smoked 1–5 cigarettes/day, 45.8% smoked daily, 73.4% smoked first cigarette >60 min after
waking, 86.0% never/almost never smoked in indoor and 64.6% in outdoor smoke free
spaces, 69.9% planned to quit and 32.4% had tried to quit. Ever, current and daily smoking
were significantly higher in 21–24 compared with 18–20 years old, and in males compared
with females. Older participants were more likely to report smoking more cigarettes/day.
Māori were more likely to report ever smoking than non-Māori. Current smoking among NZ
university students aged 18– 24 years appears to be declining but daily smoking could be
increasing. However, many students appeared less addicted to nicotine, and willing to quit.
We recommend increasing the availability of smoke free services for students who wish to
quit.

According to preliminary data from the University of Michigan’s long-running monitoring

the future survey (Miech, R., et al., The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol.381,
No.15,2019). That report found for instances, that more than a quarter for 12 th grades
reported past month vaping in 2019, compare with 11% 2 years earlier. Another 2019 study
found 27.5% of high school students and 10.5% of middle schooled reported they has used
e-cigarettes (Eullen, K.A., et al., JAMA, Vol.322, No.21,2019).

This report focuses on research conducted among youth and young adult because of the
implications of e-cigarettes use in this population, particularly potential for future public
health problems. Understanding e-cigarettes used among young persons in critical because
previous research suggests that about 9 and 10 adults smokers first try conventional
cigarettes during adolescents (USDHHS 2012).

Evidence for this report was gathered from studies that included 1 or more of three age
groups to be young adolescents (11 to 13 years of age), adolescents (14 to 17 years of age)

Following the recent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) illness outbreak, the current review
aimed to collect all related clinical cases for study and analysis and provide a critical
synopsis of the proposed injury mechanism. Adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines, e-cigarette-related clinical
cases were identified via Google Scholar and Pub Med databases. Additionally, references
of published case reports and previous review papers were manually searched, revealing
159 publications presenting e-cigarette-related case reports and 19 reports by the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. 238 individual cases were identified; 53% traumatic
injuries due to e-cigarette explosion or self-combustion, 24% respiratory cases, and 12%
poisonings. Additional cases pertained to oral, cardiovascular, immunologic, hematologic,
allergic reactions, infant complications, and altered medication levels. Case reports were
mainly published between 2016–2019 (78%).

Introduced to the market in 2004 with the claim that the user inhales harmless vapor the e-
cigarette is marketed as a harm reduction product and has been proposed to be used as a
smoking cessation tool, however there is a lack of clinical studies to support either of those
effects.

Nearly two decades and four device generations later, there is growing scientific evidence
that e-cigarette users are inhaling a mixture of irritative, toxic and carcinogenic compounds.
The device does not emit “side-stream smoke” as it is activated only by the user’s inspiratory
effort; it does however produce secondhand aerosol (SHA) through the user’s exhalation.
SHA represents a documented source for passive exposure of bystanders as it contains
micro-particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), volatile organic compounds and various other
toxicants

Most patients were previously healthy (38/58). The majority were male (40/58) with
median age 23 years old and inter quartile range (IQR) 19–33 years old. The youngest
person presented in the reports was 14 y.o. and the oldest person was 64 y.o. For the
majority of cases it was not specified if they were dual users or if they used the e-cigarette
for cessation (72%). While for 40% (23/58) of the cases it was not specified the substance
used, 21 of cases used cannabis products solely, 6 used cannabis and nicotine in
combination, 6 used cannabis and unknown liquid, while 2 used solely nicotine.

Teenage vaping is a major public health issue that is emerging globally. This review article
examines what influences teens to use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vapes,
including families, communities, social media, and brand marketing. Nicotine, a common
component of e-cigarettes and vapes, is addictive, and teens who are using these products
are starting to report negative health outcomes. After a review of the current literature, three
recommendations/solutions are proposed to combat this public health issue. As teen e-
cigarette use is on the rise, it is clear that the FDA and the federal government need to
enforce tougher regulations on e-cigarette and vaping brands, teens need to be properly
educated about these products that are on the market, and advertisements for these
products need to be regulated.

Nowadays, a wide variety of e-cigarette brands is easily accessible in retail and online
shops. E-cigarette advertising expenditures increased sharply, while safety and long-term
health effects are still vague based on the present scientific evidence. As a result of the
large-scale marketing, e-cigarettes gained widespread pervasiveness among all age groups,
including vulnerable adolescents and youths populations. Indeed, recent reports from United
States showed that 4.3% of middle school students and 11.3% of high-school students
reported having used e-cigarettes in 2016. In addition, reports from UK, comprising data
from 60,000 young individuals, aged 11–16 years, showed regular e-cigarette use between
1 and 3% and ever-use between 7 and 18%. Furthermore, data from 24,658 individuals in
the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey reported that almost one-third of adolescents in
the United States consider e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes.

According to Paul T Harrell, Thomas H Brandon, and Gwendolyn P Quinn The impact of
electronic nicotine delivery systems (“e-cigarettes”) on population health continues to be
controversial. The extent to which e-cigarettes are helpful or harmful to public health will
depend on the differential impact concerning two key groups: (1) cigarette smokers seeking
to quit; and (2) youth susceptible to smoking. For cigarette smokers seeking to quit,
switching from cigarette smoking to e-cigarette “vaping” may be an effective harm reduction
technique, given the substantially lower levels of harm found with e-cigarette use to date.
However, e-cigarettes are not harmless and the evidence regarding the effectiveness of e-
cigarettes for quitting cigarette smoking, although supportive, also suggests that long-term
use is common.Thus, current evidence allows for the possibility that e-cigarettes may
improve the health of cigarette smokers, provided they are motivated to completely quit
smoking. However, long-term use remains a concern.
For youth nonsmokers, there is considerably more concern regarding the rapid levels of
growth. There is widespread agreement that e-cigarette initiation among nonsmokers,
particularly youth, should be avoided. The only debate, if any, is regarding whether or not
the rates of youth usage constitute an epidemic. Given that data showing e-cigarette use
among youth and young adults is associated with the initiation, persistence, and escalation
of cigarette smoking, e-cigarettes potentially could slow or even reverse reductions in
cigarette smoking.Understanding e-cigarette attitudes and use patterns among young adults
may be particularly important. Young adults are more likely than older adults to experiment
with e-cigarettes, whether or not they have ever smoked cigarettes.15 This age range,
sometimes referred to as “emerging adulthood” represents a time when youth transition into
social contexts (eg, college, workplaces) with tolerance or even promotion of risky
behaviors, often resulting in an increased prevalence of substance use and the development
of addictive patterns.Almost all (99%) of those with a history of daily cigarette smoking report
trying their first cigarette before the age of 26 years.18 Although adolescent smoking in the
United States has decreased dramatically since 2011, the likelihood of young adult smoking
initiation has increased. Indeed, since approximately 2004, nicotine initiation in young
adulthood is now more likely than adolescence. As such, young adults are an ideal
population for helping to understand the potential long-term impact of e-cigarettes on public
health.

According to Patrice Marques, Laura Piqueras Ma-Jesus Sanz An updated overview of

e-cigarette impact on human health The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), for many
considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionized the tobacco
industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid
heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful
respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the
adjustment of nicotine content and the choice pleasant flavour have won over many users.
Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation
method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that
the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of
questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better
understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of
toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes,
although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly,
the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated.
In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for
human health including corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
 Teenage vaping is a major public health issue that is emerging globally. This review
article examines what influences teens to use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vapes,
including families, communities, social media, and brand marketing. Nicotine, a common
component of e-cigarettes and vapes, is addictive, and teens who are using these products
are starting to report negative health outcomes. After a review of the current literature, three
recommendations/solutions are proposed to combat this public health issue. As teen e-
cigarette use is on the rise, it is clear that the FDA and the federal government need to
enforce tougher regulations on e-cigarette and vaping brands, teens need to be properly
educated about these products that are on the market, and advertisements for these
products need to be regulated.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter contains the methods and procedures that will be used in the study. It
includes the research design, respondents of the study, instruments, data gathering
procedure, and the data analysis tools which will be utilized to analyze the gathered data.

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

This study utilizes a correlational research. The study identify the behavior of smoking
among senior high school students at Tumauini Stand-Alone Senior High School. The
independent variables included sex, aged started smoking, peer cigarette/vape smoking,
family members cigarette/vape smoking meanwhile the dependent variable is smoking.

B. RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Respondents of this study will be the Senior High School Students in Tumauini Stand-
Alone Senior High School.

From a population of 892 students,276 of them will be selected as participants through

stratified sampling. This Slovin’s formula, n = N

sampling technique allows a
 1+Ne 2

proportional size of the sample to be selected according to population distribution. The total
sample size will first be determined using the Slovin’s formula; where n= Sample size; N=
population; and e= margin of error at 0.05.

n = = = = 276

Table 1: Distribution per Stratum

SHS STRAND N n
Humanities and Social Sciences 375 115
Accountancy, Business and Management 94 29
Technical Vocational Livelihood 427 132
Total 892 276

C. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

This study will utilize a three-part questionnaire for data gathering with following parts
and tools. Students profile: This section of the questionnaire will gather information on the
profile characteristic of the Tumauini Stand-Alone Senior High School participants,
specifically their sex, age started smoking, peer cigarette/vape smoking, and family
members cigarette/vape smoking. The survey consisted of ten questions which will be
answered using a four (4) - point likert Scale measuring the students level of agreement with
the statement provided. The scales points ranged from lowest level agreement to highest
level of agreement in the following levels: (1) Disagree, (2) Somewhat Disagree, (3)
Somewhat Agree, and (4) Agree.

D. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

1. Before the data collection, permission will be obtained from the teachers and selected
participants of students at Tumauini Stand Alone Senior High School.
2. After getting the permission, the researcher makes appointment with Teachers for data
collection, which will be convenient and did not disturb the students.
3. The data were collected with self-administered questionnaires in the Schools by the
researcher.
4. The questionnaires were filled out in the classrooms with adequate time (30-40 minutes)
and the teachers were not in the classrooms during the assessment.
5. The searcher reminded the participants to check the completed Questionnaires before
returning them to the researcher. Moreover, the participants Were informed that answers
were analyzed anonymously and that only general Conclusions were drawn.

E. DATA ANALYSIS

Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard Deviation (SD)
were used to describe demographic characteristics and the behavior of smoking. The data
obtained will be tallied and treated using the following statistical tools:

Frequency and Percentage. This will be used to present student’s profiles in terms of
their sex, age started smoking, peer cigarette/vape smoking, and family members cigarette
smoking .

Survey Questionnaire
PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Direction: Please fill up the from completely and check (
Name (Optional):__________________________________________
Sex: ___ Male ___Female ___LGBTQIA+
Do you have friends who currently smoke cigarette or vape?
___YES ___NO
Do you have Family members who are smoking?
Do you smoke cigarette or vape?
___YES ___NO
5. If your answer in No. 4 is yes, are you planning to quit smoking?
___ YES ___ NO
6. If yes are you willing to subject yourself to SMOKE CESSATION PROGRAM?
___ YES ___ NO ___ MAYBE

7. How many sticks do you smoke per day? If vape how many times do you puff?

8. What was your main reason for initiation of smoking?

___ Curiosity
___ Stress/Tension
___ Peer Pressure
___ Family Exposure