GERMAN STANDARD april 2017

DIN EN ISO 17637

D
ICS 25.160.40Replacement for
DIN EN ISO 17637:2011-05

Non-destructive testing of welded joints - Visual inspection of

fusion welded joints (ISO 17637:2016); German version EN ISO
17637:2016
Non-destructive testing of welds -
Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637:2016);
German version EN ISO 17637:2016
Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés -
Contrôle visuel des assemblages soudés par fusion (ISO 17637:2016);
Version allemande EN ISO 17637:2016

Total number of pages 20

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© DIN German Institute for Standardization e. V. - No part of this publication may be reproduced Price group 11
es in any form or by any means without the permission of DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
G www.din.de
e. V., Berlin.
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Exclusive sale of the standards by Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin
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 DIN EN ISO 17637:2017-04

National foreword
This document (EN ISO 17637:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and
allied processes" in cooperation with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 "Welding and allied processes", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN (Germany).

The responsible national committee is the working committee NA 062-08-27 AA "Visual and thermographic
testing" in the DIN Standards Committee for Materials Testing (NMP).

For the International Standards cited in this document, reference is made below to the corresponding
German Standards:

ISO 5817 see DIN EN ISO 5817

ISO 9712 see DIN EN ISO 9712
ISO 10042 see DIN EN ISO 10042
ISO 13385 (all parts) see DIN EN ISO 13385 (all parts)
ISO 17635 see DIN EN ISO 17635

Changes

Compared to DIN EN ISO 17637:2011-05, the following changes have been made:

a) Adaptation to the state of the art;

b) Adaptation to currently valid design rules.

Previous issues

DIN EN 970: 1997-03

DIN EN ISO 17637: 2011-05

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 DIN EN ISO 17637:2017-04

National Annex NA
(informative)

References

DIN EN ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion welded joints on steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (without beam welding)
- Rating groups of irregularities

DIN EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - qualification and Certification

from Personnel of non-destructive testing

DIN EN ISO 10042, Welding - Arc welded joints on aluminium and its alloys - Grading groups of irregularities

DIN EN ISO 13385 (all parts), Geometrical product specification (GPS) - Linear encoders

DIN EN ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds - General rules for metallic materials

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 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 17637
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2016
ICS 25.160.40Replacement for EN ISO 17637:2011

German version

Non-destructive testing of welded joints -

Visual inspection of fusion welded joints (ISO
17637:2016)
Non-destructive testing of welds - Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés -
Visual testing of fusion-welded joints Contrôle visuel des assemblages soudés par fusion
(ISO 17637:2016) (ISO 17637:2016)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 October 2016.

CEN members are required to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, which specify the conditions under which this
European Standard is to be given the status of a national standard without any amendment. Up-to-date lists of these national
standards with their bibliographic references are available on request from the CEN- CENELEC Management Centre or from any
CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in another language made by a
CEN member under its own responsibility by translation into its national language and communicated to the Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

E UR OP E AN CO M M ITTE E FOR STANDARDIZATION

CO MI T É E U R OP É E N D E NO R M A L I S AT ION

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

U © 2016 CENAAllrights of exploitation, in whatever form and by Ref. No. EN ISO 17637:2016 D
ni whatever process, are reserved worldwide to the national members
pe of CEN.
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EN ISO 17637:2016 (D)

Content
Page

European Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

Foreword................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1 Scope of application ............................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Terms ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Test conditions and equipment ....................................................................................................................... 5
5 Personnel qualification ....................................................................................................................................... 6
6 Visual inspection ................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.2 Visual inspection of the weld seam preparation......................................................................................... 6
6.3 Visual inspection during welding .................................................................................................................... 6
6.4 Visual inspection of the completed weld ...................................................................................................... 7
6.4.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
6.4.2 Cleaning and finishing ......................................................................................................................................... 7
6.4.3 Profile and dimensions ....................................................................................................................................... 7
6.4.4 Weld root and surfaces ....................................................................................................................................... 8
6.4.5 Heat treatment....................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.5 Visual inspection of repaired welds ................................................................................................................ 8
6.5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.5.2 Partially gouged weld seam ............................................................................................................................... 8
6.5.3 Fully grouted weld seam .................................................................................................................................... 8
7 Test report .............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Annex A (informative) Examples of test equipment .............................................................................................. 10
References ........................................................................................................................................................................... 16

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 DIN EN ISO 17637:2017-04
EN ISO 17637:2016 (D)

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 17637:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding and
allied processes" in cooperation with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 "Welding and allied processes", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement by June 2017, and any conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn by June
2017.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may involve patent rights. CEN
[and/or CENELEC] are not responsible for identifying some or all of the patent rights involved.

This document supersedes EN ISO 17637:2011.

In accordance with the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards bodies of the following
countries are required to adopt this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Acknowledgement note

The text of ISO 17637:2016 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17637:2016 without any amendment.

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EN ISO 17637:2016 (D)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide association of National Standards
Organizations (ISO member bodies). The preparation of International Standards is normally carried out by
ISO Technical Committees. Any member organization that has an interest in a subject for which a Technical
Committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also participate. ISO works closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all electrotechnical topics.

The procedures that have been followed in the development of this document and that are intended for
further maintenance are described in ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the acceptance criteria
necessary for the various ISO document types should be observed. This document has been developed in
accordance with the design rules of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some elements of this document may involve patent rights. ISO is
not responsible for identifying some or all of the patent rights involved. Details of any patent rights identified
during the development of this document can be found in the Introduction and/or in the ISO List of Patent
Statements Received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is given as information for the benefit of users and does not constitute
recognition.

For an explanation of the meaning of ISO-specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information on ISO's compliance with the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles on
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following link: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5,
Testing and inspection of welds.

This second edition supersedes the first edition (ISO 17637:2003), which has been technically revised.

Enquiries concerning the official interpretation of any particular aspect of this International Standard should
be addressed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 through your national standards bodies. A full listing of
standards bodies can be found at www.iso.org.

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1 Area of application
This document specifies the visual inspection of fusion welds on metallic materials. It may also be used for
visual inspection of the joint before welding.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.

3 Terms
No terms are specified in this document.

ISO and IEC provide terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online Browsing Platform: at http://www.iso.org/obp

4 Test conditions and equipment

The illuminance on the surface with white light must be at least 350 lx; wearing tinted protective goggles
(e.g. safety sunglasses) increase the minimum illuminance. However, 500 lx is recommended.

For direct visual inspection, sufficient accessibility shall be provided so that the eye is within 600 mm of the
surface to be inspected and is viewing it at an angle of not less than 30° (see Figure 1).

Legend
a Area
Figure 1 - Accessibility for testing

Indirect visual inspection using mirrors, boroscopes, optical fibre cables or cameras shall be considered
when accessibility for inspection according to Figure 1 is not possible or when specified in an application
standard.

In order to achieve a good contrast and a plastic recognizability of the irregularities in relation to the
background, an additional light source can be used.

If the result of the visual inspection is inconclusive, the visual inspection should be supplemented by other
non-destructive testing methods for surface examination.

U Examples of test equipment used in visual inspection are given in Annex A.

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5 Personnel qualification
Visual inspection of welds and evaluation of results for final acceptance shall be carried out by qualified and
appropriate personnel. It is recommended that personnel performing indirect visual inspection are qualified
to ISO 9712 or an appropriate level in the relevant industry sector.

6 Visual inspection

6.1 General
This document does not specify the scope of the visual inspection. However, this scope should be specified
from the outset, e.g. by reference to an application or product standard.

The necessary test documents and production documentation shall be made available to the inspector.

All visual inspections before, during or after completion of the weld should be performed at a time of
fabrication when direct accessibility is still possible. This may also include visual inspection of surface
treatment measures.

6.2 Visual inspection of the weld seam preparation

If visual inspection is required prior to welding, the joint shall be inspected to determine if:

a) the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation comply with the requirements of the welding
procedure specification (WPS);
b) the joint edges and the adjacent surfaces are clean and the required surface treatment has been carried
out in accordance with the application or product standard;
c) the parts to be joined by welding have been tacked together in the correct arrangement according to the
drawings or instructions.

6.3 Visual inspection during welding

If required, the weld shall be inspected during the welding process to determine if:

a) each bead or layer of weld metal has been cleaned before being covered by another bead, special
attention shall be paid to the joints of the weld metal with the joint face;
b) there are no visible irregularities, e.g. cracks or voids; if such irregularities are detected, they shall be
reported so that corrective action can be taken before further weld metal is deposited;
c) the transition between the beads and between the weld and the base metal is such that effective fusion
can be achieved before the next bead is welded;
d) the depth and shape of the gouging are in accordance with the WPS or if they are comparable to the
original gouging shape to ensure the specified conditions in case of a complete removal of the weld
metal;
e) after necessary repairs/remedial measures, the weld seam complies with the original requirements of
the WPS.

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6.4 Visual inspection of the finished weld seam

6.4.1 General

The completed weld shall be tested to determine whether the requirements of the application or product
standard or the other agreed assessment characteristics (acceptability criteria), e.g. ISO 5817 or ISO 10042,
are met. Finished welds shall be examined at least in accordance with the requirements specified in 6.4.2 to
6.4.5.

6.4.2 Cleaning and finishing

The weld must be inspected to determine if:

a) all the slag has been removed manually or mechanically to prevent any irregularities from being hidden;

b) no tool notches and impact marks are present;

c) overheating of the joint as well as scoring and unevenness have been avoided in the case of required
welds by grinding;

d) for evenly machined fillet and butt welds, the joints to the base material merge smoothly without
undercutting.

If irregularities (caused by processing or otherwise) are detected, they must be reported so that corrective
action can be taken.

6.4.3 Profile and dimensions

The weld must be inspected to determine if:

a) the profile of the weld surface and the size of the weld protrusions meet the requirements of the
acceptance criteria (see 6.4.1);

b) the surface of the weld is regularly shaped: the penetration and the pattern of the scaling show a
uniform appearance; the distance between the last layer and the base metal or the position of the beads
has been measured, if required by the WPS;

c) the weld width is uniform over the entire weld length and the requirements reflected in the weld
drawing or in the acceptance criteria (see 6.4.1) are met; in the case of butt welds, the weld preparation
shall be checked to ensure that the prepared joint is completely filled and meets the requirements of the
weld drawing or the acceptance criteria (see 6.4.1).

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6.4.4 Weld root and surfaces

The parts of the weld accessible for visual inspection, i.e. the root side in the case of a butt weld on one side
and the weld surfaces, shall be examined with regard to deviations from the acceptance criteria (see 6.4.1).

The weld must be inspected to determine if:

a) in the case of butt welds on one side, the penetration, root recession and any burn-through or shrinkage
are within the specified limits of the acceptance criteria over the entire length of the weld;

b) any burn-in notches are within the limits specified in the acceptability criteria;

c) any irregularities in the weld surface or in the heat-affected zone, such as cracks or porosity, detected by
optical means, if necessary, comply with the acceptance criteria;

d) any attachments temporarily welded to the component to facilitate fabrication or assembly, but which
are detrimental to the function or testability of the component, have been removed in such a way that
the component has not been damaged; the area where the attachment has been fixed shall be inspected
to ensure freedom from cracks;

e) the arc ignition points are within the limits of the acceptability criteria.

6.4.5 Heat aftertreatment

The final test must be carried out after the heat treatment.

6.5 Visual inspection of repaired weld seams

6.5.1 General

If welds do not or only partially meet the conditions for the acceptance criteria and repair is necessary, the
welded joints shall be repaired before re-welding according to
6.5.2 and 6.5.3 should be checked.

Each repaired weld shall be retested to the same requirements as the original weld.

6.5.2 Partially gouged weld

The joint shall be sufficiently deep and long to remove all irregularities. The joint shall have a uniform bevel
from the bottom of the joint to the surface of the weld metal at both ends and flanks. The width and profile of
the joint shall be made to provide sufficient space for re-welding.

6.5.3 Fully grouted weld seam

When a defective weld has been completely gouged, with or without the need to reinstall a section, the shape
and dimensions of the weld preparation shall meet the specified requirements for the original weld.

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7 Test report
If test reports are required, then at least the following information should be included in the report:

a) Name of the manufacturer of the weldment;

b) Name of the inspection body, if different from a);

c) Marking of the tested part;

d) Material;

e) Type of welded joint;

f) Material thickness;

g) Welding process;

h) Eligibility Criteria;

i) Irregularities exceeding the limits of the assessment characteristics, including their location;

j) Scope of the test with reference to appropriate drawings;

k) test equipment used;

l) Test result with reference to the admissibility criteria;

m) Name of the inspector and date of inspection.

Welds that have been tested and accepted as acceptable should be suitably marked or identified.

If a report on visual inspection of a weld is required on file, photographs or accurate sketches, or both,
should be made, with any irregularities clearly marked.

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Appendix A
(informative)

Examples of test equipment

A.1 The following is a listing of equipment commonly used to perform visual inspections of welded joints.

A.1.1 Measuring ruler or tape measure, with a graduation of 1 mm and smaller.

A.1.2 Caliper, according to ISO 13385.

A.1.3 Feeler gauge, with a sufficient number of feelers to determine dimensions between 0.1 mm and 3
mm in increments of no more than 0.1 mm.

A.1.4 Radius gauge.

A.1.5 Magnifying glass, with a magnification of 2 to 5 times; the lens should preferably have a graduation
(see ISO 3058).

A.1.6 Lights.

A.2 The following equipment may also be required.

A.2.1 Profile measuring device, with a wire diameter or width of ≤ 1 mm, each wire end is rounded.

A.2.2 Material for welding seam impressions, e.g. cold-curing plastic or plasticine.

A.2.3 Mirrors, endoscopes, boroscopes, fiber optic devices or TV cameras can be used for the visual
inspection of welds with limited accessibility.

A.2.4 Other measuring devices, e.g. specially designed welding gauges, height/depth gauges, rulers or
angle measuring device.

A.3 Typical gauges and gages are listed in detail in Table A.1.

NOTEThese devices and gauges are listed only as examples of test equipment. Some of them may be registered as utility
models or as patents.

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Table A.1 - Measuring instruments and weld gauges - Measuring ranges and reading
accuracy

Seam Permissi
type Opening ble
Reading or valley deviation
Butt Measu
Fillet accuracy angle of the
seam ring
Welding seam gauge Description weld opening
range
or valley
angle
Flat weld Hollow Domed
seam seam
mm mm Grad
e
Simple welding seam gauge x x - x 3 to 15 ≈ 0,5 90 low
a) Measuring of fillet welds
from 3 mm to 15 mm
thickness. The gauge is
placed with the curved part
in the joint flanks in such a
way that a three-point
contact between the
component and the fillet
weld results.
b) Measuring the seam
elevation of butt seams
with the straight part.
Since the gauges are made of
relatively soft aluminum, they
wear out quickly.
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Welding seam gauge set x x - - 3 to 12 depen 90 none

ding
Measuring of fillet welds
on the
from 3 mm to 12 mm
subjec
thickness; from 3 mm to 7
ts
mm: Gradation
0.5 mm; above 8 mm, 10 mm
and 12 mm. The gauge
measures according to the
three-point contact principle.

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Seam Permissi
type Opening ble
Reading or valley deviation
Butt Measu
Fillet - angle of the
seam ring
Welding seam gauge Description weld accurate opening
range
- or valley
time angle
Flat weld Hollow Domed
seam seam
mm mm Grad
e
Welding seam gauge x x - x 0 to 20 0,1 90 none
with Vernier
Measurement of fillet welds; the
seam cant of butt welds can also
be determined. The legs of the
gauge are designed in such a
way that opening angles of 60°,
70°, 80° and 90° on V and
individual V butt welds can also
be measured with the broad
side. Small deviations from this
lead to significant errors.

Self-made welding seam gauge x - - - 0 to 20 0,2 90 none

Measurement of 7 fillet weld
thicknesses with a fillet weld
angle of 90°.
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Seam Permissi
type Opening ble
Reading or valley deviation
Butt Measu
Fillet - angle of the
seam ring
Welding seam gauge Description weld accurate opening
range
- or valley
time angle
Flat weld Hollow Domed
seam seam
mm mm Grad
e
Welding seam gauge x x x x 0 to 15 0,1 90 low
with 3 scales
Measurement of seam
thicknesses and side lengths.
The seam overheight for butt
welds can also be measured.
Easy to use. Also suitable for
asymmetrical fillet welds.

Gauge for testing the profile of - - - - - - - -

fillet welds
Checking the profile of a mould
for one size of fillet weld. This
type of gauge requires one
design for each size of fillet
weld.
Multi-purpose gage x x x x 0 to 50 0,3 0 to 45 none
(edge
Measurement of flank angle,
U angle)
ni length of fillet weld legs,
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ch seam overheight.
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Seam Permissi
type Opening ble
Reading or valley deviation
Butt Measu
Fillet - angle of the
seam ring
Welding seam gauge Description weld accurate opening
range
- or valley
time angle
Flat weld Hollow Domed
seam seam
mm mm Grad
e
Universal welding seam gauge x x x x 0 to 30 0,1 - ± 25 %
Measuring tasks:
− Fillet welds: shape and
dimensions;
− Butt welds: edge offset on
sheet metal, seam
preparation (opening
angle), seam projection,
seam width, penetration
notches.
Web spacing gauge - - - x 0 to 6 0,1 - -
Measuring the width
of (air) gaps.

hook gauge - - - x 0 to 0,05 - -

100
Measuring the edge offset when
preparing butt welds on sheet
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Seam Permissi
type Opening ble
Reading or valley deviation
Butt Measu
Fillet - angle of the
seam ring
Welding seam gauge Description weld accurate opening
range
- or valley
time angle
Flat weld Hollow Domed
seam seam
mm mm Grad
e
Universal butt seam gauge x x x x 0 to 30 0,1 - ± 25 %
Measure the prepared and
welded butt weld:
1 Flank angle;
2 Width of the bar spacing;
3 Seam elevation;
4 Width of the seam surface;
5 Depth of the burn-in notch;
6 Diameter of the welding
additive.

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References

[1] ISO 3058, Non-destructive testing - Aids to visual inspection - Selection of low-power magnifiers

[2] ISO 5817, Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections

[3] ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel

[4] ISO 10042, Welding - Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys - Quality levels for imperfections

[5] ISO 13385 (all parts), Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Dimensional measuring equipment

[6] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds - General rules for metallic materials

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