Science Chapter 11 The Human Eye Solutions

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. The ___________ of the human eye determines the colour of a person’s eye.

2. The light sensitive screen of the human eye is called ___________.

3. The cone-shaped cells, on the retina, respond to the ___________.

4. The defect of vision, in which eyeball becomes smaller than its normal size, is
called ___________.

5. A ___________ lens is used to correct myopia and a ___________ lens is used to

correct hypermetropia.

Answer: (1) iris (2) retina (3) bright light (4) hypermetropia (5) concave, convex

B. Write True or False for the following statements.

1. Iris is the muscular assembly that controls the size of the pupil.

2. The eye lens forms a virtual, erect and diminished image of an object, on the retina.

3. The retina of the human eye has a large number of cone-shaped and rod-shaped
cells. The rods can respond even in dim light.

4. Cinematography makes use of the persistence of vision of the human eye.

5. For a normal human eye, the range of vision is from (nearly) 25 cm to infinity.

6. Myopia is caused due to excessive curvature of the cornea.

Answer: (1) True (2) False (3) True (4) True (5) True (6) True

C. Tick the correct option.

1. The change in focal length of an eye lens, to focus the image of objects at varying
distances, is brought about by the action of-

Answer: ciliary muscles

2. The impression of the image formed on the retina of the human eye remains there
for about-

Answer: 1/16th second

3. The human eye can focus objects at different distances by adjusting the focal
length of the eye lens. This ability of the eye is known as-

Answer: power of accommodation

4. A near sighted person will face difficulty while reading-

Answer: a street signboard across the street.

5. The defect of the human eye, in which the eye lens of a person gets progressively
cloudy, resulting in blurred vision, is called-

Answer: cataract

6. The Braille system, for visually challenged persons, is a-

Answer: tactual aid

D. Answer the following questions in brief.

1. Name the part of the human eye which acts as a protective layer for the eye.

Answer: Cornea

2. The pupil appears black. Why?

Answer: It appears black as no light is reflected from it.

3. Differentiate between:

(a) rod-shaped and cone-shaped cells

Answer:

rod-shaped cell cone-shaped cells

The rod-shaped cell gets The cones-shaped cells get

activated in both bright and activated only in bright light
dim light conditions. conditions.

These cells do not help us in These cells help us in colour

colour vision. vision.

Difference between
(b) near point and far point of human eye

Answer:

Differentiate between
4. State the difference between:

(a) myopia and hypermetropia

Answer:
difference between
(b) tactual aids and auditory aids

Answer:

Tactual aids Auditory aids

Tactual aid work on the touch Auditory aids rely on our

receptors i.e., skin. ability to hear.

Braille system is an example of Audio caste is an example

tactual aids. of auditory aid.

Difference between
5. Define the terms:

(a) Blind spot on the retina

Answer: A point on the retina which is insensitive to light is called blind spot on the retina.
This is the spot where the optic nerve meets the retina.

(b) Persistence of vision of human eye

Answer: The ability of the human eye to continue to see the image of an object for a very
short duration even after the object has disappeared from the view. This (brief) continuence,
of the sensation of vision, is called persistence of vision.

6. Give the meaning of the terms:

(a) Power of accommodation of the human eye

Answer: Power of accommodation is the special property of the human eye to adjust the
focal length to see the object clearly.

(b) Least distance of distinct vision

Answer: The minimum distance, at which objects can be seen most distinctly (without
strain), is called the least distance of distinct vision, or near point, of the eye.

(c) Range of vision

Answer: The distance, between the near point and far point of a normal eye, is called its
range of vision.

7. What happens to the image distance in the eye when the distance of the object from
the eye increases?

Answer: when the distance of the object from the eye increases the image distance in the
eye will always be same. In every case, image is formed on the retina due to the power of
accommodation.

8. When Sahil tried to read a book by keeping it at a distance of 25 cm, the text print
appeared to be blurred.

(a) Is the image of the text getting formed before the retina, or beyond the retina of his
eye?

Answer: Beyond the retina.

(b) What conclusion can be drawn about the least distance of distinct vision’ of Sahil’s
eye?

Answer: the least distance of distinct vision’ of Sahil’s eye has increased as he is suffering
from hypermetropia.

9. A person, with a myopic eye, cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m distinctly. What can
be said about the likely size of his eyeball? State the nature of the corrective lens that
is needed to restore his proper vision?

Answer: His eyeball has become elongated. He needs to use a concave lens to correct his
vision defect.

E. Answer the following questions.

1. Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye. Explain the function of the following parts
of the human eye: (a) cornea (b) iris (c) pupil (d) eye lens (e) ciliary muscles (f) retina
(g) optic nerves.

Answer:

Sketch of the human eye

(a) cornea: Its main function is to act as a protective layer for the eye.

(b) iris: The iris is responsible for the characteristic colour of the eye of a person.

(c) pupil: Pupil is the self-adjustable aperture which regulates the amount of light entering
the eye by adjusting its size.

(d) eye lens: The eye lens is a convex lens which focuses the rays of light on retina.

(e) ciliary muscles: These muscles help in changing the curvature and the focal length of
the eye lens.

(f) retina: It is a light sensitive screen where image of the object is formed.

(g) optic nerves: Carries signals from the eye to the brain.

2. Explain how we perceive objects as they are.

Answer: Light coming from an object enters the eye through the cornea and pupil. The eye
lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted and diminished image of the object on
the retina. The light sensitive cells of the retina get activated when light falls on them; they
then generate electrical signals. These electric signals are sent to the brain by the optic
nerves. The brain interprets the electrical signals in such a way that we see an image which
is erect and of the same size as the object.

3. State any five precautions that are needed to take care of our eyes.

Answer: Five precautions that are needed to take care of our eyes are:

1. Gently wash eyes frequently with clean (potable) water.

2. Eat a balanced diet having lots of fruits and vegetables.
3. Never look at the sun, or any other powerful light source, directly.
4. Try not to spend too much time looking continuously at the computer screen, or
television. It can cause eye strain.
 5. Have sufficient light in the room when you are reading, writing or watching television.
4. Explain how optical and non-optical aids help visually challenged persons to
develop their skills to a higher level.

Answer: Optical and non-optical aids help visually challenged persons to develop their skills
to a higher level in this way:

Optical aids: These include lenses and telescopic aids. While suitable lens combinations are
used to rectify visual limitations, the telescopic aids can help to view class demonstrations
and the blackboard.

Non-optical aids: These often include (1) tactual aids (using sense of touch; the visually
impaired can learn to read and write by using a special touch system called the Braille. This
system makes use of raised dots (put on a paper) and (ii) auditory (using sense of hearing)
aids include audio cassettes, tape recorders, audio CDs, audio books. Other electronic
devices (like computer/calculator/closed circuit television) make use of software programmes
that can transfer ‘text files’ into sound.

5. What is the Braille system? How does it help the visually challenged persons?

Answer: Braille is a coded language based on a logical system. There are Braille codes for
common languages as well as, mathematical and scientific notations. Many languages
(foreign/Indian) can be read using the braille system.

Braille system has 63 dot patterns or characters. The braille characters make up the letters
of alphabet, punctuation marks, etc. Dots/Characters are arranged in cells of two vertical
rows of three dots each. Patterns of dots, used to represent letters of the English alphabet.
These patterns, when embossed on Braille sheets, help visually challenged person to
recognise words by touching.