The document reviews literature on biodiversity conservation and protected areas. It discusses challenges in managing protected areas and threats to biodiversity in developing countries and the Philippines. The research study focuses on conserving biodiversity in a watershed forest reserve in Mindanao and developing a framework to evaluate biodiversity status.
The document reviews literature on biodiversity conservation and protected areas. It discusses challenges in managing protected areas and threats to biodiversity in developing countries and the Philippines. The research study focuses on conserving biodiversity in a watershed forest reserve in Mindanao and developing a framework to evaluate biodiversity status.
The document reviews literature on biodiversity conservation and protected areas. It discusses challenges in managing protected areas and threats to biodiversity in developing countries and the Philippines. The research study focuses on conserving biodiversity in a watershed forest reserve in Mindanao and developing a framework to evaluate biodiversity status.
The document reviews literature on biodiversity conservation and protected areas. It discusses challenges in managing protected areas and threats to biodiversity in developing countries and the Philippines. The research study focuses on conserving biodiversity in a watershed forest reserve in Mindanao and developing a framework to evaluate biodiversity status.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND
STUDIES This chapter provides an in-depth review of the literature and research findings that are relevant to the conservation of the Biodiversity Status of AlaBuyCarPanSip Watershed Forest Reserve. The review encompasses both local and foreign literature and studies conducted in the Philippines and abroad.
Related Literature Foreign Literature Area-based conservation is a crucial approach for achieving global biodiversity and sustainability targets in the post-2020 era (Bhola et al., 2021). The Convention on Biological Diversity defines protected areas as geographically defined spaces that are designated, regulated, and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives (Dudley, 2008). Protected areas play a fundamental role in biodiversity conservation and offer benefits for both nature and people (Juffe-Bignoli et al., 2014). However, managing protected areas in developing countries presents significant challenges due to poverty, rapid population growth, economic development, and political instability (Naughton-Treves et al., 2005). Climate change has long-term impacts on conservation efforts, including range shifts of species and ecosystems. The spatial patterns and management strategies of protected areas can exacerbate or mitigate these impacts (Loarie et al., 2009). While there is optimism about the effectiveness of protected areas in protecting biodiversity across tropical regions, there is still a concerning loss of tropical forests within and surrounding these areas (Bruner et al., 2001; Kinnaird et al., 2003; Curran et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2007). The expansion of protected areas globally does not necessarily indicate effective or efficient conservation, as biodiversity continues to decline (Watson et al., 2014). There is a bias towards establishing protected areas in remote places with low biodiversity to minimize costs and conflicts with extractive uses, which calls for alternative ways to assess management effectiveness (Vieira et al., 2019). Local Literature The Philippines is renowned as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world, with a high number of endemic and unique species (Langenberger et al., 2006). However, the country faces numerous threats to biodiversity due to human activities such as logging and agricultural expansion, leading to significant changes in land use (Posa and Sodhi, 2006; Mallari et al., 2016). Forested areas in the Philippines have experienced a decrease, particularly in the lowlands, resulting in the transformation of once-pristine forests into degraded secondary forest states (Apan et al., 2017). The state of forest biodiversity in the country is alarming, with approximately 8 million hectares of degraded forestland and a deforestation rate of 100,000 hectares per year (Lasco and Pulhin, 2006). The Philippine government has initiated projects to establish a network of protected areas throughout the country, aiming to conserve habitats and ecosystems through legislation like the NIPAS Act of 1992 (SEPO, 2021). Mindanao, the second-largest group of islands in the Philippines, faces challenges related to limited research and funding for biodiversity conservation (Amoroso, 2000; Alcala, 2004). Comprehensive studies on protected areas in Mindanao have been lacking in recent years, resulting in limited information on species distribution and threats to biodiversity (Tanalgo et al., 2019).
Significance of the Study
The research study focuses on Alamio, Buyaan, Carac-an, Panikian, and Sipangpang Watershed Forest Reserves in Mindanao. This area is crucial for conserving biodiversity in the Philippines. The framework developed in this study has the potential to be applied to other regions of the country, providing a valuable tool for evaluating and understanding biodiversity status. The framework facilitates comparative analyses for biodiversity scientists and aids in identifying conservation priorities across the Philippines.
Overall, this review of related literature and studies highlights the importance of protected areas for biodiversity conservation and the challenges faced in managing them effectively. It emphasizes the urgent need to address threats to biodiversity in the Philippines, particularly in Mindanao, and underscores the significance of this research study in contributing to conservation efforts.
Rapid Assessment of Epiphytic Pteridophyte Biodiversity in Mt. Apo Natural Park North Cotabato Province Philippines A Comparison of Disturbed and Undisturbed Forests
