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A predetermined plan is necessary because of the multiple tasks that personnel may
Encounter in dealing with an emergency. During an emergency, it is important that

Passengers be aware of their environment, be informed of the vessel’s design to handle
Emergencies; be informed that they are in safe and competent hands; and be prepared to
follow directions.
Good marine practice dictates that vessel owners and operators should have contingency
plans in place to deal with medical emergencies, oil spills, vessel fires, collisions, and
groundings. In preparing contingency plans, consideration should be given to the
geographical area of operation, the environmental conditions, the proximity of other vessels
and suitability of any onshore or offshore facilities. These plans should identify local fire,
ambulance, and search and rescue facilities, including local telephone numbers and contact
points. The plan should also address concerns associated with the above emergencies for
both underway and dockside situations as appropriate and include provisions for company
drills and crew training. Passengers should be instructed on safety issues before they get
involved in the activities on board. The crew training program should be applicable to hotel
and service personnel and include measures for crowd control. The plan should be available
to assist personnel in dealing with an emergency. Its primary purpose is to set in motion the
necessary actions to end or minimize the effect of the emergency. Effective planning ensures
that the necessary actions are taken in a structured, logical, and timely manner. The need for
a predetermined plan is clear when considering the pressures and multiple tasks facing
personnel confronted with an emergency. During an emergency, effective planning will
prevent confusion, mistakes, and failure to advise key people. Delays will be avoided and
time will be used wisely.
Emergencies can create a variety of hazards for workers in the impacted area. Preparing
before an emergency incident plays a vital role in ensuring that employers and workers have
the necessary equipment, know where to go, and know how to keep themselves safe when
an emergency occurs.
CALALUNG, JESTER P.
BSMT 3 ECHO
SEAMANSHIP 5
The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers (STCW), 1978, was adopted by the International Conference on Training and
Certification of Seafarers on 7 July 1978.
The 1978 STCW Convention entered into force on 28 April 1984. Since then, amendments
thereto have been adopted in 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2014, 2015,
2016 and 2018.
The 1991 amendments, relating to the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS)
and conduct of trials, were adopted by resolution MSC.21(59) and entered into force on 1
December 1992.
The 1994 amendments on special training requirements for personnel on tankers were
adopted by resolution MSC.33(63) and entered into force on 1 January 1996.
The 1995 amendments were adopted by resolution 1 of a Conference of Parties to the

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for
Seafarers, which was convened by the International Maritime Organization and met at the
Headquarters of the Organization from 26 June to 7 July 1995 (1995 STCW Conference). The
1995 STCW Conference adopted the Seafarers’ Training, Certification and Watchkeeping
(STCW) Code.
The STCW Code contains, in:
Part A, mandatory provisions to which specific reference is made in the annex to the STCW
Convention and which give, in detail, the minimum standards required to be maintained by
Parties in order to give full and complete effect to the provisions of the STCW Convention;
and, in
Part B, recommended guidance to assist Parties to the STCW Convention and those involved
in implementing, applying or enforcing its measures to give the STCW Convention full and
complete effect in a uniform manner.
The 1997 amendments, to the Convention and to part A of the Code, relating to training of
personnel on passenger and ro-ro passenger ships, were adopted by resolutions MSC.66(68)
and MSC.67(68) and entered into force on 1 January 2003.
The 1998 amendments, to part A of the Code, relating to enhanced competence in cargo
handling and stowage, particularly in respect of bulk cargoes, were adopted by resolution
MSC.78(70) and entered into force on 1 January 2003.
The May 2004 amendments, to part A of the Code, adjusting certificates and endorsements,
were adopted by resolution MSC.156(78). The December 2004 amendments, to part A of
the Code, taking into account on-load and off-load devices in the competence relating to
survival craft and rescue boats other than fast rescue boats, were adopted by resolution
MSC.180(79). Both amendments entered into force on 1 July 2006.
The 2006 amendments, to part A of the Code, introducing, inter alia, new measures
pertaining to ship security officers, were adopted by resolution MSC.209(81) and entered
into force on 1 January 2008.
The 2010 amendments (the Manila Amendments) to the Convention and Code were
adopted by resolutions 1 and 2, respectively, by a Conference of Parties to the STCW
Convention, held in Manila, Philippines, from 21 to 25 June 2010 (2010 STCW Conference).
The amendments mainly introduced:
 Improved measures to prevent fraudulent practices associated with certificates of

competency and strengthen the evaluation process (monitoring of Parties’
compliance with the Convention).
 Strengthened provisions on medical standards.
 Revised requirements on hours of work and rest and new requirements for the
prevention of drug and alcohol abuse.
 New certification requirements for able seafarers, deck and engine.
 New requirements relating to training in modern technology such as electronic
charts and information systems (ECDIS).
 New requirements for marine environment awareness training and training in
leadership and teamwork.
 New training and certification requirements for electro-technical officers and electro-
technical ratings.
 Updating of competence requirements for personnel serving on board all types of
tankers, including new requirements for personnel serving on liquefied gas tankers.
 New requirements for security training for all seafarers, as well as provisions to
ensure that seafarers are properly trained regarding piracy and armed robbery.
 Refresher training module every five years for basic training on personal survival
techniques and fire prevention and firefighting; advanced firefighting; and
proficiency in survival craft, rescue boats and fast rescue boats.
 Introduction of modern training methodology including distance learning and e-
learning.
 New training guidance for personnel serving on board ships operating in polar
waters. Part A currently contains mandatory provisions in this regard.
 New training guidance for personnel operating Dynamic Positioning Systems.
In 2012, amendments to the 1978 International Convention on Training, Certification and

Watchkeeping for Seafarers, the STCW Convention, were adopted by all countries being
parties to the Convention. It aimed at enhancing training and certification requirements
applicable to seafarers, ship-owners, training institutions and maritime administrations by
updating and setting the necessary global standards to train and certify seafarers to operate
technologically-advanced ships. These amendments enter into force on 1 January 2017.
In view of concerns having been expressed that some Parties may not manage to issue
STCW-2010 certificates in accordance with the requirements by the 1 January 2017 deadline,
the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee has addressed the issue and agreed that a practical
and pragmatic approach should be taken during inspections in the first six months of
implementation. This will allow flexibility where seafarers fail to provide certificates issued in
compliance with STCW-2010. In response to the issue, Paris MoU has also advised its
member states to take such a harmonious approach during port state controls until 1 July
2017. Nevertheless, certain port state controls may adhere strictly to the new requirements
of the Convention during inspections that may cause delays to the ship. Members are
advised not to be complacent on the “grace period” given the fact that it takes time for
training, assessment of competence and knowledge, and the final issuance and
endorsement of certificates.
The five years’ implementation period of the Manila 2010 amendments to the STCW
Convention will imminently end in January 2017. All seafarers on active service must comply
with all the 2010 amended STCW requirements and be in possession of a valid STCW
certificate covering the functions performed on board. It includes certificates of
competence, endorsements, certificates of proficiency, and any documentary evidence
showing that a requirement of the Convention has been met. The provisions are aimed at
ensuring necessary global standards will be in place to train and certify seafarers to operate
ships with modern technology. It thus embraces the main purpose of the Convention – to
promote safety of life and property at sea and maintain clean oceans.
There are two parts of the STCW Convention:
Part A
Mandatory provisions to which specific reference is made in the annex to the STCW
Convention and which give, in detail, the minimum standards required to be maintained by
Parties in order to give full and complete effect to the provisions of the STCW Convention
and, in
Part B [non mandatory]
Recommended guidance to assist Parties to the STCW Convention and those involved in
implementing, applying or enforcing its measures to give the STCW Convention full and
complete effect in a uniform manner.
CALALUNG, JESTER P.
BSMT 3 ECHO
MANAGEMENT 2

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A predetermined plan is necessary because of the multiple tasks that personnel may

Encounter in dealing with an emergency. During an emergency, it is important that

The 1995 amendments were adopted by resolution 1 of a Conference of Parties to the

The STCW Code contains, in:

 Improved measures to prevent fraudulent practices associated with certificates of

In 2012, amendments to the 1978 International Convention on Training, Certification and

There are two parts of the STCW Convention:

Part B [non mandatory]

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