2nd sem Hum 102

What is Art?
- Art is a natural human behavior
- Art is communication
- Art is healing
- Art tells our story
- Art is a shared experience

Contemporary Art
- Is a statement that an artist makes about life, thoughts, ideas, beliefs and many other things that
define human life.
- refers to art made and produced by artists living today. Today’s artists work in and respond to a global
environment that is culturally diverse, technology advancing, and multifaceted. Working in a wide
range of mediums, contemporary artists often reflect and comment on modern-day society.
- Produces by artists who are living in the twenty-first century.
- Provides an opportunity to reflect on contemporary society and the issues relevant to ourselves, and
the world around us, Contemporary art artists work in a globally influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advancing world.
- Their art is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts and subjects that challenge
traditional boundaries and defy easy definition.

7 Different form of arts

A. Architecture
B. Painting
C. Performing
D. Literature
E. Sculpture
F. Film
G. Music

Pre-colonial Arts (Ethnic Arts)

- In Pre-colonial Philippines, arts are for ritual purposes or for everyday us.

Forms of arts before Colonization

A. Theater arts
– Ritual Dances, Chants
B. Musical Culture
- Ethnic musical instruments such as pipes, flutes, zithers, drums, various string instruments like the
Kudyapi (a two-three-stringed guitar), bamboo percussion instruments, the “gansa” ukinnam keanu
The Kulintang- an array of bossed gongs
C. Native Dance Forms
- Imitated the movements of animals, humans and elements of nature. Pangalay- from Sulu Archipelago
- mimic the movement of seabirds
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Pre-colonial period
Important Works
- Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 Ad In 1991, the National Museum archeological team
discovered anthromorphic secondary burial jars in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum Sarangani
Province.
- The center graphic is a watercolor image from the Boxer Codex, published c. 1590. The rare publication
helped date and ID many pieces that were discovered in Surigao.
- Surigao gold objects’ date-stamp could be placed in the span of the 10th to the 13th centuries, A.D., pre-
Hispanic era

Other Pre-Colonial Art

Pottery
Weaving
Tattoo
Jewelry
Carving
metal crafts

Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)

- Art became handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate the Catholic faith and thus support the
colonial order at the same time.

Spanish Colonial Art Period (1521-1898)

- Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and Architecture which was inspired by the Byzantine, Gothic,
Baroque and Rococo art styles.
- Most art works are religious (catholic) based

Spanish Art Aesthetics as Adopted by Filipino Artist

- The baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear,
easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance and grandeur in sculpture, painting,
architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music.
- Art that flourished during Spanish colonial period conformed to the demands of the church
- Religious orders were dispatched to convert the natives to Catholicism
- The art forms are referred to as stylistically and culturally as religious art lowland Christian art, or folk
art

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521-1898)

- to carry out the project of colonization and Christianization, the natives were forcibly resettled in
towns structured according to the plaza complex

-Cruciform churches were built following the shape of Latin cross.

-The Baroque Style was predominantly employed in keeping with the prevailing design of Hispanic
churches
Examples of baroque Churches that have survived to this day: San Agustin Church in Manila, Morong
Church in Rizal, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Miag-ao Church in ilo-ilo(built in 1787)
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-Images were produced through painting, sculpting, and engraving under the strict watch and patronage
of the church.
-The friars(priest) brought Western models for local artists to copy
-The imaginary of the santo would be based on classical and baroque style that is made of ivory(from
the tusk of an elephant) and wood.

Islam was first brought over by Arab traders in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, Around 200 years
before Spanish.

Islamic art is characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting focus from the believers.
Islamic art is characterized by designs of flowers, plant forms and geometric designs. It is used in
calligraphy, architecture painting, clothing and other forms of fine art. As Islam spread around the world,
this distinct form of art has become an integral part of the identity of its followers, including the phils.

TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE ARTS

ETHNIC ART (Integral to life) Pre-13th C.–>

ISLAMIC ART (Geometric Designs) 13thC. - AD –>

SPANISH ERA (Faith and Catechism) 1521-1898 –>

AMERICAN ERA (Secular Forms of Art) 1898 – 1940 –>
JAPANESE ERA (Orientalizing) 1941 – 1945 –>
MODERN ERA (National Identity) 1946 – 1969 –>
CONTEMPORARY ERA (Social Realism) 1970s – present

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898 – 1940) TO THE POSTWAR REPUBLIC (1946 – 1969)

PLAYS

Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) – Juan Abad 1902

Hindi Ako Patay (I am not dead) – Juan Matapang Cruz 1903

Kahapon, Ngayon at bukas (Yesterday, today, and tomorrow) – Aurelio Tolentino 1903

A modern Filipina – Lino Castillejo & Jesusa Araullo 1915 [First play written English]

ARCHITECTURE

Foreign Architects – Architect William Parsons & Urban Planner Daniel Burnham

Planner designed Burnham park in Baguio City

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Architecture: The manila post office

Architects: Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano, Andres Luna de San Pedro, & Antonio Toledo

ARCHITECHS

Paintings by Fabian de la Rosa -> Planting rice, oil in canvas 1921 and El kundiman, oil canvas 1930

Paintings by Fernando Amorsolo -> Antipolo Fiesta, oil in canvas 1947 and Man with a cockerel, oil in
canvas 1939

Sculpture: Guillermo Tolentino FATHER OF PHILIPPINE ART (Born on July 24, 1890 – Died on July 12,
1976) -> Bonifacio Monument, 1933 and Oblation, 1935

JAPANESE ERA

Since the Japanese advocated for the culture of East Asia, preference was given to the indigenous art
and traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized their propaganda of Asia belonging to Asians.

MODERN ERA

Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War 2 and the granting of independence. Writers and
artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of various art forms.

CONTEMPORARY ART

Philippine contemporary art was an offshoot of social realism brought by Martial Law. Arts became
expression of people’s aspiration for a just, free, and sovereign society.

VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THE FILIPINO ARTISTS

Contemporary art challenges us. It broadens our horizons It asks us to think beyond the limits of
conventional wisdom. – ELI BROAD

FUNCTIONS OF ART

PERSONAL OR INDIVIDUAL FUNCTION – Artists have their personal reasons for indulging art.

SOCIAL FUNCTION – Man is a social being and as such he associates with his fellow beings.

ECONOMIC FUNCTION – Many people believe that it does not pay to be an artist. However, this belief is
neglected by the facts that many people earn in living arts.

POLITICAL FUNCION – Politicians promote their programs by means of the arts

HISTORICAL FUNCTION – Paintings, sculptures, architectural works, and other art forms serve to record
historical figures and events.

CULTURAL FUNCTION – The different forms of arts became part of the country’s material culture.
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RELIGIOUS FUNCTION – Almost all, if not all, art forms evolved from religion. Songs and dances are
used for worship and o life to religious activities.

PHYSICAL FUNCTION – Houses and other buildings are constructed to protect their occupants and all
others inside them.

AESTHETIC – Artworks serve to beautify.

VARIOUS ART FORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES

VISUAL ARTS – The art of applying color or other organic or synthetic substances to various surfaces to
create a representational, imaginative, or abstract picture or design.

LITERATURE – is the art of combining spoken or written words and their meanings into forms which
have artistic and emotional appeal.

Music
- The art of arranging sounds in rhythmic succession generally in combination. Melody results in this
sequence and harmony from the combinations. It is a creative and performing art

Drama/theatre/performing arts
- These are creative activities presented before an audience on stage and in open places. It combines
both visual and auditory elements.

Painting
- The art of applying color or other organic or synthetic substances to various surfaces to create a
representational, imaginative or abstract picture or design.

Sculpture
- It is the art of making two-or three- dimensional representative or abstract forms, especiallu out of
hard materials by mean of chisel, carved work, art of molding in clay or other paste materials, figures or
objects to be later cast in bronze or other metals or plaster of Paris.

Architecture
- The art and science of building and erecting structures/buildings, as distinguished from the skills
associated with construction.

Handicrafts
- It is an art that involves making something in a skillful way by using your hands. Inspired by the
Japanese one village one product movement of 1979. The Philippines’ OTOP program was proposed by
then-president Gloria Macapagal-Aroyo as early as 2002 and launched in 2004.

CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS ART FORMS FOUND IN THE DIFF REGIONS

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

- Called Metro Manila

- Most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas
- Political, Economic, Social, Cultural, and educational center of the Philippines.
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MUSEUMS

- Ayala Museum
- Gsis Museo ng Sining
- National Museum
- Yuhengco Museum
- Ayala Museum
- Metropolitan Museum
-

CULTURAL CENTERS

- Alliance Francaise de Manille

- Cultural Center of the Philippines
- Korean cultural Center of the Phils

GALLERIES

- 1335 Mabini
- Altro Mondo
- Artinformal
- Blanc Gallery
- Findle Art File

WHWERE TO SEE CONTEMPORARY ART IN MANILA?

Art on campuses
Artist-run spaces
Auction houses
Famous manila buildings and structures

REGION 1 – ILOCOS REGION

- The region is located in the northwest of Luzon, in its eastern borders are regions of cordillera
administrative region and Cagayan valley and in the south is the central Luzon. To the west
north is the west philippine sea.
- - the region is composed of four province namely Ilocos norte, ilocos sur, la union, and
pangasinan. Its regional center is san Fernando la union.
- Total land area: 18,055km2 (5,041 sq mi)

Region I is characterized by Spanish architecture and popular beaches

The Saint Augustine Church commonly known as paoay church, is the roman catholic church in paoay,
ilocos norte

Laoag cathedral, canonically known as saint william’s cathedral in laoag city which was built in 1612 by
Augustinian friars

The St Paul’s Cathedral is also known as the Metropolitan cathedral. It is considered a major religious
landmark not only of northern Luzon but the country as well.
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Pagudpud is famous for its white-sand beaches and other beautiful natural wonders.

One of the most precious living traditions of the ilocanos that are still kept until today

Pottery-making (Pagburnayan Jar-Making) Pots have different sizes, shapes, and designs
Ilocanos are known for their unique styles in weaving
Binakul is a textile pattern handwoven on a small scale in Ilocos

CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION(CAR)

Cordillera administrative region (CAR) of the Philippines is a land-locked region consist of the provinces
of ABRA, BENGUET, IFUGAO, KALINGA, MOUNTAIN PROVINCE AND APAYAO. BAGUIO IS THE REGIONAL
CENTER.

Baguio is associated and actively promoting the preservation of its Bulul (rice god) wood carvings and
weaving, its place in the art scene goes beyong and traditional craftsmanship

Art exhibitions and events are held on baguio year-round. Baguio arts festival takes place from
November- December – combining ethnic, performing and visual arts

The province of ABRA is now known “Natural dye capital of the Philippines” because it is blessed with
abundant natural dye – yielding plants

The revival of Abra’s dyeing tradition had been the project of former Governor Ma. Zila Claustra – Valero
Designer Patis Tesoro, renowned for using ethnic designs and fabric for her houte couture creations.

A revival project related to the province’s natural dye industry is the loom weaving and embroidery.

FAMOUS ARTS AND CRAFTS IN OTHER CAR PROVINCES