English-Burmese Avian Flu Glossary

English-Burmese
English-Burmese Avian Flu Glossary

abrasion
acid
acute respiratory distress
acute respiratory febrile illness
adaptive mutation
admission (e.g., of pateint)
adult
aerosol
aerozolation
agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)
air conditioning
air-flow
air-purifying respirator
airborne infection
airborne organic dust
airborne precaution (e.g., the use
of high efficiency masks)
airborne transmission
airtight
alcohol (e.g., as a disinfectant)
all-in, all-out husbandry
altered mental state
amantadine (i.e., M2 inhibitor)
ambulance
ammonia
anteroom
antibody
antifog (e.g., coating on goggles)
antigen
antigenic shift
antimicrobial agent
antisepsis (hand hygiene)
antiviral drug
antiviral medication
yGef;yJh'Pf&m
tufqpf
toufSLcufcJjcif;
toufSLcufNyD;udk,fylzsm;jcif;
vdkufavsmnDaxGrsdK;ADZajymif;vJjcif;
aq;HkwufcGihf
vlBuD;
avrIwfAl;
avrIwfAl; avoGif;jcif;
at*sDtdkif'D
avat;ay;puf
av0ifavxGuf
avoefYpifxm;aomtoufSLud&d,m
avjzihful;pufEkdifaoma&m*g
avaqmif,ljzefYusJaomZD0trIef
avjzihf ul;pufEkdifaoma&m*g
umuG,fjcif;
avjzihful;pufEkdifaom
avvHkaom
t&ufjyef
t&if;tjrpfrsm;udk bufpHkoHk;oyf
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
pdwfrlrrSefjcif;
trefwm'if;
vlemwif,mOf
trdk;eD;,m;
ta&SUcef;
y#dypnf;
taiGUum
y#dZmwf
y#dZmwf ajymif;vJjcif;
rdkufc&kwf wdkufypnf;
a&m*gydk;owfaq;
Adkif;&yfydk;udkwdkufaomaq;
Adkif;&yfydk;udkwdkufaomaq;0g;
29

antiviral (noun, e.g., 'stockpiles of
antivirals')
antiviral prophylaxis
approve
apron
Asia
autopsy
Avian flu
Avian influenza
avian-to-human transmission
backyard
backyard farm
backyard flock
backyard poultry flock
backyard rural farming
bag
ban
barn workers
bathroom
bed
bedside test
bin
biohazard
biohazard labelling
biohazard pathology specimen bag
biohazard specimen bag
biosecurity
bird
bird flu
bird population
bird virus
Adkif;&yfydk;wdkufaq;
Adkif;&yfydk;umuG,faq;
twnfjyKonf
a&SUzHk;cg;pnf;
tm&S
tavmif;cGJpdwfjcif;
iSufwkyfauG;
iSufwkyfauG;
iSufrSvlodkYa&m*gul;pufjcif;
tdraemufaz;
tdrfaemufaz;jcH
tdrfarG;wd&pmef
tdrfaemufaz;arG;wd&pmef
aus;vufa'o tdrfaemufaz;
jcHpdkufjcif;
tdwf
ydwfyifonf
wif;ukyftvkyform;
a&csdK;cef;
tdyf&m
aq;vufawGUukorI pmar;yGJ
yHk;
ouf&Sdow0grsm;
tE&m,fjzpfapEkdifaom
ouf&Sdow0grsm;
tE&m,fjzpfapEkdifaom owday;csuf
ZD0tE&m,fjzpfapEdkifaoma&m*g
"gwfcGJppfaq;&ef erlem xnfhtdwf
ZD0tE&m,fjzpfapEdkifaom
"gwfcGJppfaq;&ef erlem xnfhtdwf
ZD0vHkjcHKa&;
iSuf
MuufiSufwkyfauG;
iSuftaumifa&
MuufiSufydk;rTm;rsm;
30
tpGef;cRwfaq;
cef;qD;? vdkufum/
blind (e.g., on a window)
aoG;
blood
tavmif;xnfhaomtdwf
body bag
cEmudk,f&Sdt&nf
body fluid
cEmudk,ftwGif;uvDpm
body substance
zdeyftum
boot cover
bGwfzdeyf
boots
bovine spongiform encephalopathy EGm;l;a&m*g
bleaching powder
(BSE)
Burma
cadaver
cage
caged layer farm
Cambodia
capsule (e.g., of medicine)
carcass
care area (e.g., in health care
facility)
case definition
case management:
cause
cause of death
Center for Disease Control and
Prevention
certify
chain (e.g., of infection
transmission)
change room (e.g., to change in or
out of protective clothing)
checklist
chick mover
chicken
chicken farm
chicken shed
child
jrefrm
vlaotavmif;
avSmiftdrf
MuufavSmifjcH
uarm'D,m;
aq;awmifh
tavmif;
aq;&kHtcef;
a&m*gt"dyg,f
a&m*gpDrHcefYcGJjcif;
taMumif;&if;
aoqHk;&aomtaMumif;&if;
a&m*gxdef;csKyfa&;ESihf umuG,fa&;Xme
rSefuefaMumif;w&m;0ifazmfjyonf
tpOftwef;
t0wfvJcef;
aqmif&Guf&efpm&if;
Muufo,f,mOf
Muuf
MuufarG;jrLa&;jcH
Muufxm;onfhHk
uav;
31

children
chlorine
chlorine gas
circulate
citizen
classical swine fever (CSF, i.e.,
hog cholera)
clean water
clean/cleaning
cleaner (person, e.g., as health care
worker)
cleaning equipment
cleaning staff
clinical feature
clinical management (e.g., of a
patient)
clinical sample
clinical specimen
clinical waste
clinical waste bag
close (e.g., a door)
clothing
coagulated blood (e.g., of duck as
food)
cohort
uav;rsm;
uvdk&if;
uvdk&if;"gwfaiGU
vSnfhywfonf
EdkifiHom;
0uful;pufa&m*g
a&oefY
oefYpifaom? oefYpifonf/
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfol
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfpuf
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfonfh0efxrf;
aq;0g;ukorIvufawGY
aq;0g;ukorIpDrHcefYcGJjcif;
aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYtwGuf usyef;
aumufxm;aompm&if;
aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYtwGuf
ppfaq;&ef erlem
aq;0g;ukor IvufawGYrS pGefYypfypnf;
aq;0g;ukorI vufawGYrS
pGefYypfypnf;xnfh&eftdwf
ydwfonf
t0wftpm;
aoG;cJ
taygif;tazmf? vkyfazmfudkifzuf
cohorting (e.g., sharing of room(s)) pdwfwludk,fwlvkyfaqmifjcif;
odrf;xm;onfh ypnf;rsm;xnfh&ef
collection container
ukefaowm
tkyfpkzGJYaeonf
colonise (e.g., patients)
tarmuf
comb (of poultry)
pD;yGm;jzpfpdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;jcH
commercial farm
pD;yGm;jzpfarG;jrLa&;
commercial poultry
ul;pufa&m*g
communicable disease
32

compensate (e.g., farmers for lost
birds)
compliance rate
complication
confirmatory testing
confirmed case
confirmed influenza
conjunctivitis
contact precaution
contact transmission
contagious
contagious disease
contain (e.g., of a flu outbreak)
container
containment (e.g., of a flu
outbreak)
contaminate
contaminated dust
contaminated linen
contaminated litter
contaminated waste
contract poultry grower
control measure
controlled access (e.g., to a
laboratory)
corrosive
cough
cough etiquette
country of manufacture
coveralls
crockery
cross-contamination
cull (e.g., of infected birds as a
control measure)
culled poultry
culler (i.e., person who culls)
avsmfaMu;ay;onf
vdkufavsmxm;aomEIef;xm;
xyfwdk;vmaoma&m*gopf
twnfjyKEkdifaomprf;oyfjcif;
twnfjyKNyD;aoma&m*g
twnfjyKNyD;aomwkyfauG;
rsufajr;a&mifa&m*g
owdxm;xdawGUjcif;
xdawGYjcif;aMumifhul;pufjcif;
tvG,fwulul;pufaom
tvG,fwulul;pufaoma&m*g
xdef;csKyfonf
ukefaowm
xdef;csKyfjcif;
npfnrf;oGm;onf
roefYaomzkefrIefY
roefYaompm;yGJcif;? tdyf&mcif;
roefYaomtrdufcGuf
roefYaompGefYypfypnf;
uefxdkufarG;jrLa&;vkyfol
xdef;odrf;aqmif&Gufcsuf
wm0efrStyr0if&
pm;wwfaom
acsmif;qdk;jcif;
vlMum;wGifowdjyK acsmif;qdk;jcif;
xkwfvkyfonfhEkdifiH
taycHpufHk0wfpHk
yef;uefcGufa,muf
ydk;rTm;? tqdyfrsm;aMumifh npfnpfjcif;
a&G;owfjcif;
a&G;towfcH&aom wd&pmef
a&G;owf&ol
33

cultural sensitivity
cup
curtain
cutlery
daily
data
database
dead
death
deceased
deceased patient
decontamination
decontamination procedures
decreased breathing capacity
Delaware
delivery mechanism (e.g., for
drugs)
dermatitis
destroy (i.e., kill birds, etc. as a
control measure)
detect (e.g., a virus)
detergent
developing country
dexterity
diagnosis
diagnostic test
diagram
diarrhea
diathermy
diathermy burn
differentiation of infected from
vaccinated animal (DIVA)
dilute
direct contact
,Ofaus;rIudktav;xm;jcif;
cGuf
cef;qD;
ZGef;? cuf&if;? "m;
aeYwkdif;
tcsuftvuf
tcsuftvufrsm;
ao
aojcif;
uG,fvGef
aoqHk;vlem
a&'D,dkowd<uypnf;z,f&Sm;jcif;
a&'D,dkowd<uypnf;z,f&Sm;jcif;
tqihfqihf
toufSLEdkifrIavsmhenf;vmjcif;
'Dv0J
o,f,lydkYaqmif&efenf;vrf;
ta&jym;eDa&miftef;emusifjcif;
zsufqD;onf
owdjyKrdonf
qyfjymrIefY
zGHYNzdK;qJEkdifiH
vuf\uRrf;usifrI
a&m*g&SmazGcsuf
a&m*g&SmazG&efppfaq;jcif;
yHk
0rf;avQmjcif;
'dkif,momrD
'dkif,momrDavmif'Pf&m
a&m*g&Sdaom wd&pmefESihf umuG,faq;
xdk;xm;aomwd&pmef cGJxm;jcif;
a&a&monf
wdkufdkufxdawGUjcif;
34

direct contact transmission
direct patient care
dirt
discard
discharge (e.g., a patient)
disease
disease control
diseased bird
disinfectant
disinfection (i.e., removing microorganisms without complete
sterilization)
disinfection station
dispenser (e.g., for alcohol handwash)
disposable instrument
disposable protective clothing
disposable towel
doctor
domestic duck
domestic fowl
domestic population
domestic poultry
domesticated bird
door
double bagging
droplet
droplet infection (large droplets
carry the infectious agent (>5m
in diameter)
droplet precaution (additional to
standard precautions and are
designed to droplet
precautions droppings (e.g., animal
waste)
dry season
dual infection
wdkufdkufxdawGUjcif;aMumifhul;pufjcif;
wdkufdkufjyKpkukojcif;
zkef
vTihfypfonf
qif;cGihfjyKonf
a&m*g
a&m*gxdef;csKyfjcif;
a&m*g&aeaomiSuf
ydk;owfaq;
ydk;owfjcif;
a&m*gydk;owfa&;pcef;
xkwfay;puf
wcgoHk;ud&d,mwefqmyvm
wcgoHk;tumtuG,f0wfHk
wcgoHk;rsufESmokwfyk0g
q&m0ef
tdrfarG;bJ
tdrfarG;MuufiSuf
jynfwGif;vlOD;a&
tdrfarG;MuufbJ
tdrfbJ
wHcg;
tdwfESpfxyfxnhfjcif;
t&nfpufuav;
t&nfpufrSa&m*gul;pufjcif;
t&nfpufudkowdxm;&efowday;jcif;
wd&pmefacs;udkowdxm;jcif;
ajcmufaoGU&moD
a&m*gESpfrsdK;ul;pufjcif;
35

duck
duck farm
early warning system
economic loss
EDTA tube
egg flat
egg production
egg production facility
elastomeric full-facepiece
(respirator type)
elastomeric half-facepiece
(respirator type)
elderly (i.e., persons)
electrical equipment
embalm
emergency measure
emergency prevention system
endemic
entrance
environment
environmental cleaning
enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
epidemiology
equipment
eradication
ethics
ethyl alcohol
evidence
excretion
expert
exposure
exposure history
exposure protocol
bJ
bJjcH
BudKwifowday;pepf
pD;yGm;a&;t&qHk;HI;rI
tD;'DwDat >yef
MuufOzm
MuufOxkwfvkyfrI
MuufOxkwfvkyfEdkifonfhtaqmufttHk
rsufESmtNynfh tusyfpGyf toufIpuf
rsufESmw0uf tusyfpGyf toufIpuf
vlBuD;olr
vQyfppfypnf;
rykyfrodk;atmifaq;pD&ifonf
ta&;ay:aqmif&Gufcsuf
ta&;ay:umuG,fa&;pepf
tkyfpkvdkufjzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom
0ifcGihf
ywf0ef;usif
ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
tDvdkifZm
ul;pufa&m*g jyefYyGm;jcif;ESihf
umuG,fjcif; qkdif&mynm&yf
ud&d,m
tjrpfjzwfokwfoifjcif;
udk,fusihfw&m;
tDodkif;t,fudka[m
oufao
usifBuD;usifi,f
uRrf;usifolynm&Sif
xdawGUjcif;
xdawGUcJh&aomorkdif;
xdawGUvQifvdkufem&efvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;
36

eye infection
eye protection
eyecup goggles
face shield
faeces
family
family cluster (e.g., mother, father,
children)
family member
rsufpda&m*g
rsufpdudkumuG,fjcif;
aeumavumrsufrSef
rsufrSeftumtuG,f
rpif
rdom;pk
rdom;pktodkuft0ef;
rdom;pk0if
pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;jcH
farm
arG;jrLa&;Muuf
farmed chicken
arG;jrLa&;bJ
farmed duck
aoavmufaom
fatal
aoavmufaoma&m*g
fatal disease
tufzfbDpD >yef
FBC tube
jzpfEkdifaom
feasible
iSufarG;
feather
rpifrSyg;pyfwGif;odkYul;pufjcif;
fecal-to-oral transmission
auR;onf
feed
iSufpm
feed (e.g., bird feed)
tzsm;
fever
Filtering facepiece (respirator type) rsufESmpGyf avppf toufIpuf
ao;i,faom t&nfMunfpuf\
fine droplet nuclei
e,luvd,
yxrowday;jcif;
first alert
tHudkufjzpfrjzpfppfaq;jcif;
fit-check (e.g., for tightness of
mask, facepiece to seal)
flames
flammable
flock
flush (e.g., liquid waste)
follow up/contact tracing (e.g., of
patient information)
fomalin (as a disinfectant)
rD;awmuf
rD;avmifvG,faom
wd&pmeftkyf
a&qGJjcif;
qufvufta&;,laqmif&Gufonf
azmfrvif
Food and Agriculture Organization tpm;tpmESihfpdkufysdK;a&;tzGJY
(FAO)
37

food handling
food safety
foot-operated (trash) bin
forecasting
fowl plague
free-ranging
frontline worker
full-facepiece respirator
funeral director
funeral home
gene swapping
genome
geographical spread (e.g.,
pandemic)
gloves
goggles
gown
grace period
guideline
H5
H5N1
H7
HA (H1, H2 and H3)
half-facepiece respirator
hand deliver
hand gel
hand hygiene
hand washing
hand (washing) basin
handle/handling
handling of waste
handrub (e.g., alcohol-based)
health care
health care facilitiy
tpm;taomufudkifwG,fjcif;
tpm;taomuftE&m,fuif;a&;
ajcaxmufjzihfESdyfzGihf&aomtrdIufyHk;
a[mudef;xkwfonf/
BudKwifcefYrSef;onf/
MuufiSufyvdyfa&m*g
jcHravSmifbJMuufarG;onfhpepf
a&SUwef;wGiftvkyfvkyfol
toufSLud&d,m
okb&mZm
tokbZ&yf
rsdK;ADZajymif;vJjcif;
rsdK;ADZ
ae&ma'otvdkuful;pufjyefYyGm;jcif;
vuftdwf
avuma&umrsufrSef
0wfvHk
a&TUqkdif;ay;xm;aomumv
TefMum;csuf
tdwfcsf 5
tdwfcsf 5 tef 1
tdwfcsf 7
tdwfcsf at
toufSLud&d,m
vludk,fwkdifydkYay;onf
vufaq;qD
vufoefY&Sif;a&;
vufaq;jcif;
vufaq;ZvHk
udkifwG,fonf? udkifwG,fjcif;
pGefYypfypnf;udkifwG,fjcif
vufyGwfowfaq;aMum&ef
usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufjcif;
usef;rma&;apmifha&Smuf&ef
38
health care worker

health certificate
health management
healthcare provider
heat source
heat stress
heavy duty
helmet
hemagglutinin
hemagglutinin (HA)
high pathogenic
high-efficiency mask
high-efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filter
high-risk
high-risk group (e.g., poultry
cullers for avian flu)
highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI)
histoplasmosis
hock (of poultry)
hog cholera
home isolation (e.g., of patients)
Hong Kong
hood
horizontal surface (e.g., in hospital
room)
horse
hospital
hospital waste
hospitalization
hospitalized
hot soapy water
hot surface
taqmufttHkypnf;
usef;rma&;vkyfom;
usef;rma&;taxmuftxm;
usef;rma&;pDrHcefhcGJjcif;
usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrIay;onfh
ukrPDtzGJU
tylpGrf;tift&if;tjrpf
tylaMumifhzdpD;rI
tMurf;cHaom
OD;xkyftrm
[Drm*vlwifeif
[Drm*vlwifeif
a&m*gtvGefjzpfyGm;apaom
taumif;pm;rsufESmzHk;
tdwfcsftD;yDat avppfxkwfud&d,m
tE&m,frsm;aom
ul;pufEkdifacsrsm;aomtkyfpk
tdwfcsfyDattdkif
[pfwdkyvmrdk;qpf
ajcwHaumufauG;
0ufumv0rf;a&m*g
tdrfwGifoD;jcm;xm;jcif;
a[mifaumif
acgif;pGyfrsufESmzHk;
jyifnDrsufESmjyif
jrif;
aq;Hk
aq;HkrSpGefYypfypnf;
aq;Hkwufjcif;
aq;Hkwifxm;aom
qyfjymygaoma&aEG;
ylaomrsufESmjyif
39

hot water
human
human case (e.g., instance of of
avian flu)
human disease
human exposure
human influenza
human population
human-to-human transmission
hygiene
hygienic habit
hygienic preparation of the
deceased (e.g., cleaning, tidying
of hair, trimming of nails,
shaving)
identification (e.g., of a virus)
illness
immune protection
immunity status (e.g., to diseases)
impermeable (e.g., body bag)
implement
inactivate (e.g., a virus with
alcohol, chlorine)
inconclusive
incubation period
indirect contact
indirect contact transmission
Indonesia
infect
infected
infected patient
infected poultry
infection
Infection Control
a&aEG;
vl
vlwGifjzpfjcif;
vlwGifjzpfaoma&m*g
vltcsif;csif;xdawGUqufqHjcif;
vlwGifjzpfaomwkyfauG;
vlOD;a&
vlrSvlodkYul;pufjcif;
wudk,fa&ESihfywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
wudk,fa&ESihfywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
tavhtusihf
tavmif;aq;jcif;
cGJjcm;a&G;xkwfjcif;
zsm;emjcif;
udk,fcHtm;udkumuG,fjcif;
cHEkdif&nftajctae
pdrfhr0ifEkdifaom
taumiftxnfazmfonf
tm;enf;atmifvkyfonf
ra&&maom
Oazmufaomumv
oG,f0dkufNyD;xdawGUjcif;
oG,f0dkuf xdawGUjcif;aMumifh
a&m*gul;jcif;
tif'dkeD;&Sm;
a&m*gul;pufonf
a&m*gul;pufaeaom
a&m*gydk;ul;pufaeaomvlem
a&m*gydk;ul;pufaeaom Muuf? iSuf
a&m*gul;pufjcif;
a&m*gul;pufjcif;udk xdef;csKyfjcif;
40

infection control precaution
infection control team
infection hazard
infectious
infectious agent
infectious period
infectious waste
influenza A H5
influenza A H7
influenza A H9
influenza A virus
influenza strains
inhale
initial screening (e.g., of patients)
intensive care
intensive care unit
inter-pandemic influenza vaccine
interaction
interdependence
international
international public health
international spread (e.g.,
pandemic)
intervene
intervention
intestine
inuse dilution
iodine compounds (as disinfectant)
isolation area
isolation (e.g., as a control
measure)
isolation (e.g., of a patient)
isolation room
a&m*gul;pufjcif;udk xdef;csKyf&ef
owday;jcif;
a&m*gul;pufjcif;udkxdef;csKyf&eftzGJY
a&m*gul;pufjcif;ab;tE&m,f
a&m*gul;pufjyefYyGm;vG,faom
a&m*gul;pufapaomypnf;
a&m*gul;pufEkdifaomumv
a&m*gul;pufEkdifaom pGefYypfypnf;
wkyfauG; at tdwfcsf 5
wkyfauG; Adkif;&yf
wkyfauG; rsdK;pdwf
SLoGif;onf
t&ifyxrtqihfppfaq;rI
ta&;ay:ukoapmifha&Smufjcif;
ta&;ay:Xme
ae&mtESHYul;pufaom
wkyfauG;umuG,faq;
tjyeftvSeftusdK;oufa&mufrI
udkif;uRef;rSDuRef;udkif;rSD
EdkifiHwum
tjynfjynfqkdif&mvlxkusef;rma&;
EkdifiHtESHYjzpfyGm;jcif;
Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufonf
Mum;0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;
tl
a&a&mjcif;
tkdiftkd'if;"gwfaygif;
oD;jcm;cGJxm;aomae&m
oD;jcm;cGJxm;jcif;
oD;jcm;cGJxm;jcif;
oD;jcm;tcef;
41

isolation unit (e.g., in a hospital)
isopropyl
Italy
Japan
Kazakhstan
laboratory
laboratory guidelines
laboratory test
laboratory testing
laboratory waste
laboratory worker
lack of appetite (e.g., in domestic
poultry as sign of avian flu)
lack of coordination (e.g., in
domestic poultry as sign of avian
flu)
lack of energy (e.g., in domestic
lanunder/laundering
Laos
lapse (e.g., of time)
large (size)
laundry collection area
law enforcement
leader
leadership
leak (e.g., fluids)
leak-proof
lessons learned
lethal infection
license (e.g., a drug)
lid
life-threatening
linen
linen bag
liquid bleach
oD;jcm;Xme
tdkifqdkydkydkif;
tDwvD
*syef
cgZufpwef
"mwfcGJcef;
"mwfcGJcef;wGif vdkufem&efTefMum;csuf
"mwfcGJ prf;oyfjcif;
"mwfcGJ prf;oyfjcif;
"mwfcGJcef; pGefYypfypnf;
"mwfcGJcef; tvkyform;
pm;r0ifaom
[efcsufnDatmifrxdef;Ekdifjcif;
tiftm;r&Sdjcif;
avQmfzGwfrD;ylwdkufonf
avmEkdifiH
Mumcsdef
BuD;aom
avQmfzGwf&eft0wftpm;xm;&rnfhae&m
Oya'bufawmfom;
acgif;aqmif
acgif;aqmifrIynm
,dkpdrfhonf
r,dkpdrfhaom
oifcef;pm
aoavmufaoma&m*gul;pufrI
vdkifpif
tzHk;
touftE&m,f&Sdaom
tdyf&mcif; pm;yGJcif;
tdyf&mcif; pm;yGJcif;xnfhtdwf
tpGef;cRwfaq;&nf
42

liquid waste (e.g., urine, faeces)
litre
live bird
live poultry
local
local resource
logistics
long (of time)
long-sleeved cuffed gown
low pathogenic
lungs
M2 inhibitor (e.g., amantadine,
rimantadine)
market
mask
masking (e.g., a patient)
mathematical modelling
maximize
measles
mechanical vector (e.g., the feet
and bodies of animals for
spreading the disease)
median time
medical advice
medical aide (person)
medical officer
medication
medium (size)
meningitis
methylated spirit
Mexico
micro-organism
microbial load
migratory bird
pGefYypft&nf
vDwm
touf&SdaomiSuf
touf&SdaomMuufiSuf
jynfwGif;? a'ocH
a'ocHt&if;tjrpf
axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;
Mumaom
vuf&Snf0wfHk
a&m*gjzpfyGm;EkdifrIenf;aom
tqkwf
trf 2 zdEdSyfypnf;
aps;
rsufESmzHk;
zHk;xm;jcif;
jyemudk ocsFmenf;jzihfyHkazmfjcif;
taumif;qHk;toHk;csonf
0ufouf
vIyf&Sm;rIESihfqufpyfaoma&m*g
o,faqmifEkdifonfh ydk;rTm;? wd&pmef
ysrf;rQtcsdef
aq;TefMum;csuf
aq;vufaxmuf
aq;rSL;
aq;0g;
tv,ftvwf
OD;aESmuftajr;a&mifa&m*g
t&ufjyef
ruqDudk
tPkZD0kyf
tPkMunfhud&d,mjzihfom
jrifEkdifaomydk;rTm;rsm;
wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&TUaomiSuf
43

migratory waterfowl (e.g., wild
ducks)
migratory wild bird
mild (e.g., illness)
mimic
minimize
Ministry of Health
misshapen egg (e.g., in domestic
mitigate
wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&Tuaom
a&Muuf
wae&mrSwae&m ajymif;a&Tuaom
iSufdkif;
rjyif;xefaom
wkonf
enf;EkdiforQenf;aponf
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme
yHko@mefrrSefaomO
avsmhyg;aponf? oufomaponf
a&monf
mix
pdkufysdK;arG;jrLa&;pepf
mixed farming system
mobile highcontainment laboratory a&TUajymif;xdef;csKyf"gwfcGJcef;
ul;pufrIenf;vrf;
mode of transmission (e.g., of a
virus)
moisture
Mongolia
monitored negative airflow
pressure (i. e., negative pressure
room)
monoclonal antibody
monthly
mop
mop head
morbidity
mortality
mortality rate
mortuary
mouth
mucous membrane
multi-age poultry farm
multibed room (e.g., in a hospital)
muscle ache
muscle pain
mutate
a&aiGUtpdk"gwf
rGef*dk
tjrJrjywfapmifhMunfhaeaom
av0ifavxGufr&Sdaomzdtm;
rdkEdkuvdke,fy#dypnf;
vpOf
Murf;wdkuf0wf
Murf;wdkuf0wf
tedXmHkudkpGJvrf;jcif;? Oyg'gef
taotaysmuf
aoaysmufEIef;
&ifcGJHk tat;wdkuf
yg;pyf
tcRJajr;
t&G,fpHkMuufiSufarG;jrLa&;jcH
ckwiftrsm;BuD;xm;aomtcef;
<uufom;udkufcJemusifjcif;
<uufom;emjcif;
oaEajymif;onf
44

NA (N1 and N2)
national
national regulation
national regulatory authority
natural host
needlestick/sharp injury
negative pressure
negative pressure room
Netherlands
network laboratories
neuraminidase
neuraminidase inhibitor
neuraminidase inhibitor (e.g.,
oseltamivir, zanimivir)
neuraminidase (NA)
neutral detergent
nitrile
non-critical item
non-essential furniture
non-sterile
noninfected patient
normal linen
normal waste
nose
nosocomial spread (e.g., of
disease)
notify
NPA tubing
nurse
occupational health team
offal
onset (e.g., of illness, symptoms)
organic material (e.g., dust,
manure)
oseltamavir
tef at
EkdifiHESihfqkdifaom
EkdifiHawmfpnfrsOf;
EkdifiHawmfpnfurf;xdef;odrf;a&;tzGJY
obm0uyfyg;vufcHaumif
tcRefjzihfxdk;rdaom'Pf&m
zdtm;oknatmufenf;aom
zdtm;oknatmufenf;aomtcef;
e,fomvef
"mwfcGJcef; uGef&uf
El&mrif;a'hpf
El&mrif;a'hpf zdEdSyfypnf;
El&mrif;a'hpf zdEdSyfypnf;
El&mrif;a'hpf
tufqpf"mwfr&SdaomtpGef;cRwfaq;
Edkufx&dkif;
ta&;rBuD;aomtcsuf
ta&;rBuD;aom y&dabm*
ydk;rowfxm;aom
a&m*gydk;ul;pufjcif;r&Sdaomvlem
omrefpm;yGJcif;? tdyf&mcif;
omrefpGefYypfypnf;
ESmacgif;
aq;&HkwGif;a&m*gul;jcif;
taMumif;Mum;onf
tefyDat >yefacsmif;
olemjyK
vkyfief;cGifESihfqkdifaomusef;rma&;tzGJY
uvDpm
pjzpfjcif;
ZD0ypnf;
atmtufwmrDAm
45

oseltamivir (i.e., neuraminidase
inhibitor)
oseltamivir phosphate
outbreak
outbreak investigation
outside
overshoes
paddy field
paired
Pakistan
pandemic
pandemic virus
paper mask
parent virus
particulate respirator
pathogenic
pathogenic strain
pathogenicity
pathology
pathology specimen
patient
patient care equipment
patient contact
peel (e.g., gloves from the hand)
Pennsylvania
person to person
person-to-person transmission
(e.g., of a virus)
personal belongings
personal hygiene
personal protective equipment
(PPE)
physical barrier (e.g., curtain or
partition separating hospital
beds)
physiotherapist
atmtufwmrDAm
atmtufwmrDAm azmhpzdwf
a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;
a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udkpHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;
tjyif
SL;zdeyfay:wGifxyfNyD;pD;&aomzdeyf
v,fuGif;
wGJxm;aom
ygupwef
urmhtESHYEdkifiHtESHYjzpfyGm;aoma&m*g
urmhtESHYEdkifiHtESHYawGY&aomAdkif;&yf
puLrsufESmzHk;
yifrAdkif;&yf
toufSLud&d,m
a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaom
a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaomrsdK;pdwf
a&m*gjzpfyGm;EkdifrI
a&m*gaA'
a&m*gppfaq;&eferlem
vlem
vlemapmifha&Smuf&efud&d,m
vlemESihfxdawGUjcif;
cRwfonf
yifaq;aA;eD;,m;
vlrSvlodkY
vlrSvlodkYul;pufjcif;
udk,fydkifypnf;yp,
wudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;
wudk,fa&umuG,f&efypnf;
jcm;xm;jcif;
taMumtqpfukol? tESdyfonf
46

pig
plastic apron
plastic bag
pneumatic tube
pneumonia
pocket
poliomyelitis
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
pond (e.g., for fish)
positive immunofluorescence
antibody (IFA)
positive viral culture
post mortem
post mortem examination
potential contact
potentiallyinfectious
poultry
poultry barn
poultry population
poultry processing
poultry product
poultry stock
poultry worker
power saw
pre-existing (e.g., medical
condition)
pre-pandemic
precaution
precautionary measure
preparedness
preparedness plan (e.g., for
disasters)
prescription medication
prevent
0uf
yvwfpwpfa&SUzHk;cg;pnf;
yvwfpwpftdwf
avxdk;&aom>yef
tqkwfa&mifa&m*g
tdwfaxmif
ydkvD,dk
yDpDtm
a&uefi,f
tdkiftufzfat
Adkif;&yfarG;jcif;
tavmif;cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;
tavmif;cGJpdwfppfaq;jcif;
xdawGUEdkifacs&Sdjcif;
ul;pufEkdifacs&Sdaom
arG;jrLa&;
arG;jrLa&;wif;ukyf
arG;jrLa&;MuufiSuf ta&twGuf
arG;jrLa&;MuufiSuf xkwfvkyf
pDrHjyKjyifjcif;
arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; xGufukef
arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;qkdif&m odkavSmifukef
arG;jrLa&;vkyfief; vkyfom;
vQyfppfvT
&SdNyD;om;
ul;pufa&m*gjzpfyGm;rIrwkdifrD
BudKwifowday;jcif;
BudKwifumuG,fjcif;
BudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;
BudKwifjyifqifxm;onfhtpDtpOf
q&m0efTefMum;onfhaq;0g;
umuG,fonf
47

prevention
primary viral pneumonia
processing plant (e.g., for poultry)
proofread (e.g., of viruses)
prophylaxis
protective clothing
protective eyewear
protective measure
protocol (e.g., for medical
treatment)
psychologist
public areas
public concern
public health official
public services (e.g., police, fire
protection)
puncture-proof container
purple discoloration (e.g., in
domestic poultry as sign of avian
flu)
quail
quarantine
radiographer
range (e.g., of time, test results)
rapid response
raw meat
reagent
real time
reassess (e.g., pateint's condition)
reassort (e.g., genetic materials)
receiving area (e.g., for patients)
recording sheet (e.g., for patient
information)
reference laboratory
refrigeration
umuG,fjcif;
yxrtqihfAdkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaom
tqkwfa&mifa&m*g
xkwfvkyfpDrHjyKjyif&efpufHk
pmjyifonf
a&m*gumuG,faq;
tumtuG,fay;aomt0wftpm;
rsufvHk;tumtuG,f
tumuG,fay;&efaqmif&Gufcsuf
vdkufem&efusihf0wf
pdwfynm&Sif
trsm;jynfolESifhqkdifaomae&m
trsm;jynfolESifhqkdifaomudp
usef;rma&;0efxrf;
Xmeqdkif&m
raygufrjyJEdkifaomtdwf
c&rf;a&miftuGuf
iHk;
cGJxm;jcif;
"mwfrSefdkufol
tydkif;tjcm;
kwfjcnf;wHkYjyefrI
tom;pdrf;
"mwfprf;ypnf;
csufjcif;
jyefvnfoHk;oyfonf
trsdK;jyefcGJjcif;
vlemvufcH&mae&m
vlemrSwfwrf;pm&Guf
&nfTef;"mwfcGJcef;
a&cJdkufjcif;
48

register (e.g., logbook)
reinforce (e.g., standard
precautions)
release (e.g., of chlorine gas)
report
Republic of Korea
request form
resolution (e.g., of a fever)
respirator
respiratory distress
respiratory hygiene
respiratory illness
respiratory secretion (e.g.,
coughing and sneezing)
respiratory tract
rest day (i.e., when retailers should
slaughter all remaining live
poultry on the premises before
designated hours of the days and
suspend their business thereafter
to allow thorough cleaning and
disinfection of the premises)
retailer
retain/hold
reusable
reusable (e.g., gloves)
reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR)
rimantadine
rimantadine (i.e., M2 inhibitor)
ring vaccination
risk assessment
risk communication (e.g., alerting
public to pandemic)
risk (e.g., of transmission of
infection)
pm&if;oGif;onf
tm;jznfhay;onf
vTwfxkwfonf
tpD&ifcHonf
udk;&D;,m;
awmif;cHyHkpH
qHk;jzwfcsuf
toufIpuf
toufSL&cufjcif;
touSLvrf;aMumif;
usef;rmoefYpifa&;
toufSLvrf;aMumif;qkdif&ma&m*g
toufSLvrf;aMumif;rS
xGufaomtcRJtusdrsm;
toufSL>yef
em;&uf
vufvDukefonf
xdef;odrf;xm;onf
jyefoHk;&aom
jyefoHk;&aom
tm&fwD yDpDtm&f
&Drefwm'if;
&Drefwm'if;
umuG,faq;ay;NyD;aomiSuf\
ajcaxmufwGif owKuGif;pGyfay;jcif;
tE&m,fudkoHk;oyfjcif;
tE&m,fudktaMumif;Mum;jcif;
ab;tE&m,f
49

risk-prone
rodent
rubbish bin
rural
Russia
Russian Federation
safe handling practices
safety glasses
safety goggles
safety testing (e.g., of new of
vaccines)
saliva
sampling
sanitary
sanitary measure
sanitizer (e.g., soap)
scalpel
scarce
scavenging chicken farming
scissors
sea bird
seal
sealable
seasonal epidemic
secondary bacterial pneumonia
secretions
segregate (e.g., patients)
self-inoculation
sensitivity
sensitivity testing (e.g., for
tolerance to drug treatments)
sentinel chickens (i.e.,
unvaccinated chicken)
ab;tE&m,f&Sdaom
udkufjzwfow0g
trdIufyHk;
aus;vuf
k&S
k&Sjynfaxmifpk
tE&m,fuif;atmifudkifwG,fenf;rsm;
tE&m,fumuG,f&efrsufrSef
tE&m,fumuG,f&efrsufum
tE&m,fuif;atmifprf;oyfjcif;
wHawG;
erlemaumufjcif;
oefY&Sif;a&;
usef;rma&;ESihfnDGwfatmifaqmif&Guf
csuf
oefYpifatmifoHk;onfht&m
cGJcef;"m;
&Sm;yg;aom
trdIufodkufxJrSaumif;Edk;&m&m&Smpm;
wwfaom MuufarG;jrLa&;
uwfaMu;
yifv,faysmfiSuf
tvkHydwf
tvkHydwf Ekdifaom
&moDtvdkufa&m*gul;pufjcif;
qihfyGm;bufwD;&D;,m;aMumifhjzpfaom
tqkwfa&mifa&m*g
t&nf
cGJxm;onf
udk,fwkdifumuG,fjcif;
txdrcHEdkifjcif;? odrfarGUEl;nHhrI
wHkYjyefEdkifrIprf;oyfjcif;
apmifhMunfh&efMuuf
50

serum
severe
severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS)
sewer
aoG;&nfMunf
jyif;xefaom
qm;pfa&m*g
rdvmydkuf
tcRef
sharps (i.e., sharp implements)
ta&vJonf
shed (e.g., of a virus)
ta&vJjcif;
shedding (e.g., virus)
zdeyf
shoe
urf;ajciSuf
shore bird
tcsdefravmuf
short (of time)
toufSLcufcJjcif;
shortness of breath
shower (e.g., as a control measure) a&csdK;jcif;
qdkufab;&D;,m;
Siberia
zsm;em
sick
vuPm
sign (e.g., of infection)
qdkif;bkwf
signage (e.g., on a door)
wNydKifwnf;a&m*gul;pufjcif;
simultaneous infection
wpfa,mufcef;
single room (e.g., in a hospital)
wcgoHk;vuftdwf
single-use gloves
wcgoHk;tusvuf&Snf0wfHk
single-use long sleeved gown
wcgoHk;yvwfpwpfa&SUzHk;cg;pnf;
single-use plastic apron
om;owfonf
slaughter (e.g., animals)
om;owfHk
slaughterhouse
ao;aom
small (size)
pdkufysdK; arG;jrLa&;twGuf ajrav;
smallholder (e.g., farmer, poultry
sector)
wpfuGuf ydkifol? iSm;&rf;ol
ESmacsjcif;
sneeze/sneezing
tHusaom
snug (e.g., fitting)
qyfjym
soap
social disruption (e.g., as caused by vlrIa&;taESmifht,Suf
pandemic)
sodium hypochlorite
soft-shelled egg (e.g., in domestic
qdk'D,rf[dkufydkuvdkdkuf
tcGHyg;aomO
51

soiled linen
sore throat
source patient
species
species barrier (e.g., transmission
from birds to humans)
specificity
specimen
specimen bag
specimen collection
specimen processing
sphygmomanometer
spills-management
splash/splashing
sporadic
staff
stamp out (e.g., of infected birds
as a control measure)
standard precautions (e.g., for all
patients at all times)
sterilization.
sterilizing service department
sterilizing service worker
stethoscope
stockpile
stockpile (e.g., of drugs)
stool specimen container
strain A (H5N1)
substantial (e.g., contact a patient)
subtype (e.g., of a virus)
sudden death (e.g., in domestic
suitable
supplies
support staff
npfaypGef;xif;aeaomtdyf&mcif;
vnfacsmif;emjcif;
yif&if;vlem
rsdK;pdwf
rsdK;pdwft[efYtwm;
wdusrI
erlem
erlemxnfhtdwf
erlemodrf;qnf;jcif;
erlemypnf;rsm;udkvkyf&ef&Sdonfhtqifh
twkdif;vkyfaqmifjcif;
aoG;aygifcsdefwdkif;ud&d,m
tzdwftpifxdef;csKyfjcif;
yufzsef;jcif;
jywfawmif;jywfawmif;
0efxrf;
okwfoifonf
yHkrSefowday;csuf
ydk;owfjcif;
ydk;owfay;aomXme
ydk;owfay;ol
q&m0efem;Muyf
avSmifxm;aomukefypnf;
avSmifxm;aomukefypnf;
"mwfcGJppfaq;&ef rpifxnfhonfhykvif;
tdwfcsf 5 tef 1 trsdK;pdwf
tESpfom&&Sdaom
rsdK;uGJ
kwfw&ufaoqHk;jcif;
oihfawmfaom
axmufyHhrI
0dkif;0ef;ulnDonfh0efxrf;
52

surface coating (i.e., of a virus)
surface (of an object, etc.)
surface protein
surgical face mask
surgical mask
surrogate (e.g., bird to incubate
eggs of different species)
surveillance
tay:,HrStkyfxm;aomtvTm
tay:,HrsufESmjyif
tay:,Hykdwdef;
cGJpdwfq&m0efoHk;ESmacgif;pnf;?
rsufESmpnf;
ESmacgif;pnf;
udk,fpm;
apmihfMunfhjcif;
ul;pufvG,frI
susceptibility
a&m*gul;pufrIudkcHEkdif&nfr&Sdaom
susceptible
cHEkdif&nfr&Sdaomvlem
susceptible patient
jzpfEkdifacs&Sdaoma&m*g
suspect case
*Grf;zwfygaomtwH
swab stick
vuPm
symptom
a&m*gvuPm
symptom (e.g., of infection)
aq;xdk;tyf
syringe
table-top exercise (e.g., for disaster BudKwifaqG;aEG;jyifqifavhusifhjcif;
preparedness)
tablet
tablet (e.g., of medicine)
tabletop
Taiwan
technology transfer
telecommunications
telephone
terrestrial poultry
test result
tested negative
tested positive
Texas
Thailand
theatre cap
thermometer
threat
ausmufpmwkdif
aq;jym;
pm;yGJrsufESmjyif
wkdif0rf
enf;ynmvTJajymif;rI
qufoG,fa&;
w,fvDzkef;
ukef;aewd&pmefarG;jrLa&;
prf;oyfcsuf&v'f
a&m*gr&Sd
a&m*g&Sd
wufqufpf
xdkif;
cGJpdwfcef;oHk;OD;xkyftaqmif;
jy'g;wkdif
Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;
53

tissue (e.g., to cover nose when
sneezing)
tissue (e.g., of the lungs)
titre
toilet
toxic
traditional farming system
train
transboundary animal disease
transboundary zoonotic disease
transmissibility (e.g., of a virus)
transmissible
transmissible pandemic virus
transmission (e.g., of a virus)
transmission of human influenza
transport (e.g., of a patient)
transportation
tray
treatment
treatment course, course of
treatment
triage
trigger (e.g., a pandemic)
trigger (e.g., for deployment of
assistance)
trivalent (influenza vaccine)
trolley
trolley/table
tuberculosis
turkey
uncomplicated influenza
unconfirmed case
undiluted
United States
wpf&SL;
wpf&SL;
wdkifxa&;&Sif; eHygwf
tdrfom
tqdyfjzpfapaom
ormdk;uspdkufysdK;a&;enf;pepf
&xm;
e,fjcm;wd&pmefa&m*g
e,fjcm;wd&pmefa&m*g
ul;pufEkdifrI
ul;pufEkdifaom
wpfurmvHk; (odkY) wpfEkdifiHvHk;
ul;pufEkdifaom Adkif;&yfpf
ul;pufjcif;
vlwGifwkyfauG;ul;pufjcif;
o,f,lydkYaqmifonf
o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;
vifyef;
ukocsuf
ukorIqkdif&maq;ywf
touf&Sif&ef tvm;tvm&Sdonfh
vlemudk OD;pmay;ukojcif;
tpysdK;onf
tpysdK;ay;onf
x&dkifaA;vifhwkyfauG;umuG,faq;
xa&mfvD
vufwGef;pm;yGJ
wDbD
Muufqif
dk;dk;wkyfauG;
twnfrjyK&aoma&m*g
ra&maom
tar&duef
54

unreliable
unsanitary
urban
urine
urine specimen container
used
utilities (e.g., supply of water, gas,
electricity)
vaccination
vector
vehicle
ventilate
veterinarian
veterinary surveillance
Vietnam
vigilance
vinyl
viral diagnosis
viral disease
viral pneumonia
virus
visitor
visor
vulnerable
ward (e.g., in a hospital)
warehousing
wash
waste bag
waste disposal
waste disposal bag
waste tray (e.g., under a bird cage)
water pitcher
water supply (e.g., supply of
drinking water)
pdwfrcs&aom
roefY&Sif;aom
NrdKUjy
qD;
aq;ppf&efqD;xnfhonfhykvif;
ta[mif;
vQyfppfrD;? a& 0efaqmifrI
umuG,faq;xdk;jcif;
a&m*go,faqmifaomydk;rTm;? wd&pmef
,Of
av0ifavxGufaumif;aponf
wd&dpmefaq;ukq&m0ef
wd&dpmefa&m*gapmifhMunfhjcif;
AD,uferf
Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum;&Sdjcif;
yvwfpwpfwrsdK;
Adkif;&yfaMumihfjzpfaom a&m*g &SmazGjcif;
Adkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaom a&m*g
Adkif;&yfaMumifhjzpfaom
tqkwfa&mifa&m*g
a&m*gydk;rTm;
{nfhonf
rsufESmum
aysmhuGuf? tm;enf;csuf&Sdaom
vlemaqmif
ukefypnf;rsm;odkavSmifjcif;
avQmfzGwfaq;aMumonf
trdIuftdwf
pGefYypfypnf;pGefYypfjcif;
pGefYypfypnf;ypf&eftdwf
pGefYypfypnf;ypf&efAef;
a&u&m;
a&avSmifa&a0pepf
55

waterfowl
waterless antiseptic agent
wattle (of poultry)
wear
weekly
wet market (place either fixed or
temporary, where members of
the public go to buy small
animals and birds that are: (a)
live and slaughtered there, (b)
live and taken home to be
slaughtered, or (c) already
slaughtered and sold as meat.)
wet season
whale
WHO
WHO Global Outbreak Alert and
Response Network (GOARN)
wholesale market
wild bird
wild duck
wipes
working group
World Organisation for Animal
Health (OIE)
yearly
yellow fever
zanimivir (i.e., neuraminidase
inhibitor)
a&Muuf
a&rygaoma&m*gydk;owfaq;ypnf;
MuufqifuJhodkYaomiSufrsdK;\vnfysOf;
0wfqifonf
tywfpOf
om;ig;aps;
rdk;&moD
a0vig;
urmusef;rma&;tzGJYcsKyf
urmay:wGif a&m*gjzpfyGm;jcif;udk
owday;a&;ESihf umuG,fukoa&;
tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
vufum;aps;
iSufdkif;
bJdkif;
okwfypfjcif;
tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJY
urmhwd&pmefrsm;usef;rma&;tzGJY
ESpfpOf
ief;0gtzsm;a&m*g
ZefeDrDAm
56

English-Burmese Avian Flu Glossary

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