BACHELOR OF COMPUTER

APPLICATIONS (BCA 1ST YEAR)

(2nd semester)

Advance professional communication

Roll no: 191950040010

Submitted by: Shivam pandey

Submitted to: Mr. Shoyeb Ansari

 Answer in short.

1. Define phrase and clause with

help of example.
Ans. Phrase is a related group of words.
The words work together as a "unit," but
they do not have a subject and a verb.
Some of Examples are as follows:
• the boy on the bus (noun phrase)
• will be running (verb phrase)
• Martha and Jan (noun phrase)
A clause is a group of words that does have
both a subject and a verb. Some clauses are
independent, meaning that they express a
complete thought. An independent clause is
the same as a complete sentence. Some
clauses are dependent, meaning that they
cannot stand alone.
Some of Examples are as follows:
• When I get home (dependent clause)
The lights are not on. (independent clause)
Put it on the shelf. (Independent clause)

2. What is complex sentence?

Give some example.
Ans. Complex sentences join an
independent clause with a dependent clause.
These sentences are used to show a
particular kind of relationship—usually a
stronger idea joined to a weaker idea.
A complex sentence is a sentence that
contains one independent and at least one
dependent clause (sometimes called a
subordinate clause). An independent clause
is a phrase that would make sense if it were a
sentence on its own, whereas a dependent
clause will not form a sentence on its own.
When these two types of clauses appear in a
sentence, we create a complex sentence.
Some of examples are as follows:
• I like to eat the candy before I watch a
movie.
• Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it
in the microwave.
• When she was younger, she believed in
fairy tales.

3. How many type of

coordination and name them.
Ans. Coordination: Joining two related
ideas of equal importance.
In English grammar, coordination is the
joining of words, phrases, or clauses of the
same type to give them equal emphasis and
importance. The common conjunctions and,
but, for, or, not, yet and so used to join the
elements of a coordinate construction.
Coordination joins two independent clauses
that contain related ideas of equal
importance.
There are two types of coordination that are
additionally utilized, providing special rules for
when the verbs of both clauses are the same:
gapped coordination or joint coordination.
Oftentimes, these are used without thought,
but in order to identify them, there are a few
unique differences between the two.
4. Define verb phrase and
phrasal verb.
Ans. A verb phrase is simply more than
one word which represents a verb, for
example:
‘He looked carefully at the painting to find the
artist’s signature’ – in the sentence ‘looked
carefully at’ is the verb phrase.
Verb phrase refers to the verb itself plus its
objects or complements; phrasal verb refers
to a type of verb consisting of a verb plus a
particle, normally with an idiomatic meaning.
Phrasal verbs, on the other hand, are a
specific type of verb phrase which use a verb
and one or two adverbs to change the
meaning of the main verb significantly.
A verb phrase refers to a verb that has more
than one word whereas a phrasal verb refers
to a verb followed by a preposition or an
adverb.
Phrases like has been, is going, can go,
should have been, etc. are some examples of
Verb phrases whereas turn down, pull over,
look over, etc. are examples of phrasal verbs.

5. Definition and Meaning of

focus verb.
Ans. To give attention, effort, etc. to one
particular subject, situation, or person rather
than another. To adapt or be adjusted so that
things can be seen clearly. To aim light onto a
particular point using a lens. If you focus on a
particular topic or if your attention is focused
on it, you concentrate on it and think about it,
discuss it, or deal with it, rather than dealing
with other topics. The focus of something is
the main topic or main thing that it is
concerned with. Your focus on something is
the special attention that you pay it.

Answer in long.

6. How many type of sentences and what is

the importance of complex sentence?
Ans. There are three types of sentences
which are as follows:
 The Simple Sentence
Simple sentences contain a single independent
clause. A simple sentence has only the most
elemental building blocks of a sentence: a subject
and a verb used in a complete thought, also called
an independent clause.
Here's an example, 'Sage howled'. That's as
simple as it gets. It has a subject; it has a verb. It
forms a complete thought.
Here are some other examples of simple
sentences:
• Kristina drank her morning coffee. (Kristina =
subject, drank = verb)
• Kristina showered and dressed. (Kristina =
subject, showered and dressed = compound
verbs)
Simple sentences are usually short. You may use
compound subjects and verbs to add length, but
for the most part, using too many simple
sentences makes your writing choppy.
 The Compound Sentence
Compound sentences have two or more
independent clauses and no dependent clauses.
In other words, to make a compound sentence you
join up at least two simple sentences.
If we have the sentences, 'Marsha ran from the
clown' and 'Sage froze in place,' we can make
them a single compound sentence by writing,
'Marsha ran from the clown, but Sage froze in
place.' If you add another independent clause to
that sentence, you still have a compound
sentence. Compound sentences marry two
independent clauses together with a conjunction.
Here's an example, ‘Kristina drank her morning
coffee, and then she showered and dressed’.
Notice the first part of the sentence and the last
part can stand alone as independent sentences.
The key is to not use too many compound
sentences together.
 The Complex Sentence
A complex sentence uses an independent clause
combined with one or more dependent clauses. A
dependent clause is similar to an independent
clause, but it can’t stand on its own as a complete
sentence. Complex sentences use conjunctions to
tie them together, too.
A complex sentence is a sentence that contains
one independent and at least one dependent
clause (sometimes called a subordinate clause).
An independent clause is a phrase that would
make sense if it were a sentence on its own,
whereas a dependent clause will not form a
sentence on its own. When these two types of
clauses appear in a sentence, we create a
complex sentence.
Here are some examples of complex sentences:
• Because she woke up late when her alarm
malfunctioned, Kristina missed her morning
train.
• As Kristina watched the train pull out of the
station, she realized she would be late for
work yet again.
Complex sentences join an independent clause
with a dependent clause. These sentences are
used to show a particular kind of relationship—
usually a stronger idea joined to a weaker idea.

7. Difference between phrase and

clause explain.
Ans. Phrase is a related group of words. The
words work together as a "unit," but they do
not have a subject and a verb.
Some of Examples are as follows:
• the boy on the bus (noun phrase)
• will be running (verb phrase)
• in the kitchen (prepositional phrase)
• very quickly (adverb phrase)
• Martha and Jan (noun phrase)
A clause is a group of words that does have
both a subject and a verb. Some clauses are
independent, meaning that they express a
complete thought. An independent clause is
the same as a complete sentence. Some
clauses are dependent, meaning that they
cannot stand alone. They do have a subject
and a verb, but they do not express a
complete thought.
Some of Examples are as follows:
• When I get home (dependent clause)
• The lights are not on. (independent clause)
• When you wake up (dependent clause)
• Put it on the shelf. (independent clause)
• Since it fell on the floor (dependent clause)

8. Define coordination and also

explain its type.
Ans. Coordination: Joining two related
ideas of equal importance.
In English grammar, coordination is the
joining of words, phrases, or clauses of the
same type to give them equal emphasis and
importance. The common conjunctions and,
but, for, or, not, yet and so used to join the
elements of a coordinate construction.
Coordination joins two independent clauses
that contain related ideas of equal
importance.
There are two types of coordination that are
additionally utilized, providing special rules for
when the verbs of both clauses are the same:
gapped coordination or joint coordination.
Oftentimes, these are used without thought,
but in order to identify them, there are a few
unique differences between the two.
In gapping, the verb is omitted from the
second clause, leaving a gap in the middle of
the clause.
On the other hand, joint coordination is used
when a noun phrases cannot be separated
into separate clauses because the words
function as a unit.

9. Difference between verb phrase

and phrasal verb.
Ans. A verb phrase is simply more than
one word which represents a verb, for
example:
‘He looked carefully at the painting to find the
artist’s signature’ – in the sentence ‘looked
carefully at’ is the verb phrase.
Phrasal verbs, on the other hand, are a
specific type of verb phrase which use a verb
and one or two adverbs to change the
meaning of the main verb significantly.
Verb phrase refers to the verb itself plus its
objects or complements; phrasal verb refers
To a type of verb consisting of a verb plus a
particle, normally with an idiomatic meaning.
A verb phrase refers to a verb that has more
than one word whereas a phrasal verb refers
to a verb followed by a preposition or an
adverb. This is the key difference between
verb phrase and phrasal verb. Phrases like
has been, is going, can go, should have been,
etc. are some examples of verb phrases
whereas turn down, pull over, look over, etc.
are examples of phrasal verbs.

10. Write a short story on use of

clause and phrase.
Ans. Clauses and phrases are standard
components of sentence writing. When the
two are combined with other elements of
speech, or other sentences parts, clauses
and phrases can help to establish a complex
structure enabling your verbiage to establish
or convey meaning.
Introductory clauses are considered to be
dependent clauses that offer additional
Information or ‘set the tone’ for the main
clause or part of the sentence- the
independent clause. For example: If you want
to be good at something, you need to practice
as often as possible.
Introductory clauses always begin with
adverbs such as although, after, because, as,
since, if, etc.
Introductory phrases, on the other hand, are
used to set the tone for the action of the
sentence.
If you find that there is a subject and also a
verb with a predicate, it is clause. If a noun is
present, but not a verb or adverb is present,
but not a noun and there is no predicate, it is
a phrase. Phrases and clauses are necessary
parts of speech.