15EE305J Microcontroller Lab

15EE305J -MICROCONTROLLER LAB
COURSE MANUAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
Kattankulathur – 603 203
LIST OF EXEPRIMENTS
SL.No. Name of the Experiments Page No.

CYCLE 1
1 Introduction to Microcontroller Kit
Arithmetic operation
a) Addition of 2 - 8 bit numbers
2 b) Subtraction of 2 - 8 bit numbers
c) Multiplication of 2 - 8 numbers
d) Division of 2 - 8 bit numbers
3 Finding maximum value in an array
Sorting of data
4 a) Ascending order
b) Descending order
5 Code Conversion
HEX TO ASCII
6 Square root of a given data
CYCLE 2
7 Transfer data serially between two kits (Study of

8253/8251)
8 Seven segment display
9 8 bit DAC
10 8 bit ADC
11 Internal Interrupt Program
12 Stepper motor control using 8051 microcontroller
13 Traffic light controller
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Kattankulathur – 603203.
Title of Experiment :
Name of the candidate :
Register Number :
Date of Experiment :
Date of submission :
S.NO: MARKS SPLIT UP MAXIMUM MARKS

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
PRE LAB QUESTION & ANSWERS
1. What is microprocessor?
2. What is the function of program counter?
3. What is the function of stack pointer?
4. What is an operating system?
5. What is the function of ALE, and S0, S1 pin?

1. STUDY OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
Aim
To study the microcontroller 80
8051
controller
Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller
Architecture of 8051 microcontroller has following features
• 4 Kb of ROM is not much at all.

• 128Kb of RAM (including SFRs) satisfies the user's basic needs.
• 4 ports having in total of 32 input/output lines are in most cases sufficient to make all
necessary connections to peripheral environment.
The whole configuration is obviously thought of as to satisfy the needs of most

programmers working on development of automation devices. One of its advantages is that
nothing is missing and nothing is too much. In other words, it is created exactly in accordance
to the average user‘s taste and needs. Other advantages are RAM organization, the operation
of Central Processor
essor Unit (CPU) and ports which completely use all recourses and enable
further upgrade.
Pin out Description
Pins 1-8: Port 1 each of these pins can be configured as an input or an output.
Pin 9: RS A logic one on this pin disables the microcontroller and clears the contents of most
registers. In other words, the positive voltage on this pin resets the microcontroller. By
applying logic zero to this pin, the program starts execution from the beginning.
Pins10-17: Port 3 Similar to port 1, each of these pins can serve as general input or output.
Besides, all of them have alternative functions:
Pin 10: RXD Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous

communication output.
Pin 11: TXD Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous

communication clock output.
Pin 12: INT0 Interrupt 0 inputs.
Pin 13: INT1 Interrupt 1 input.
Pin 14: T0 Counter 0 clock input.
Pin 15: T1 Counter 1 clock input.
Pin 16: WR Write to external (additional) RAM.
Pin 17: RD Read from external RAM.

Pin 18, 19: X2, X1 Internal oscillator input and output. A quartz crystal which specifies
operating frequency is usually connected to these pins. Instead of it, miniature ceramics
resonators can also be used for frequency stability. Later versions of microcontrollers operate
at a frequency of 0 Hz up to over 50 Hz.
Pin 20: GND Ground.
Pin 21-28: Port 2 If there is no intention to use external memory then these port pins are
configured as general inputs/outputs. In case external memory is used, the higher address
byte, i.e. addresses A8-A15 will appear on this port. Even though memory with capacity of
64Kb is not used, which means that not all eight port bits are used for its addressing, the rest
of them are not available as inputs/outputs.
Pin 29: PSEN If external ROM is used for storing program then a logic zero (0) appears on it
every time the microcontroller reads a byte from memory.
Pin 30: ALE Prior to reading from external memory, the microcontroller puts the lower
address byte (A0-A7) on P0 and activates the ALE output. After receiving signal from the
ALE pin, the external register (usually 74HCT373 or 74HCT375 add-on chip) memorizes the
state of P0 and uses it as a memory chip address. Immediately after that, the ALU pin is
returned its previous logic state and P0 is now used as a Data Bus. As seen, port data
multiplexing is performed by means of only one additional (and cheap) integrated circuit. In
other words, this port is used for both data and address transmission.
Pin 31: EA By applying logic zero to this pin, P2 and P3 are used for data and address
transmission with no regard to whether there is internal memory or not. It means that even
there is a program written to the microcontroller, it will not be executed. Instead, the program
written to external ROM will be executed. By applying logic one to the EA pin, the
microcontroller will use both memories, first internal then external (if exists).
Pin 32-39: Port 0 Similar to P2, if external memory is not used, these pins can be used as
general inputs/outputs. Otherwise, P0 is configured as address output (A0-A7) when the ALE
pin is driven high (1) or as data output (Data Bus) when the ALE pin is driven low (0).
Pin 40: VCC +5V power supply.
Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports)
All 8051 microcontrollers have 4 I/O ports each comprising 8 bits which can be configured as
inputs or outputs. Accordingly, in total of 32 input/output pins enabling the microcontroller to
be connected to peripheral devices are available for use.
Pin configuration, i.e. whether it is to be configured as an input (1) or an output (0), depends
on its logic state. In order to configure a microcontroller pin as an input, it is necessary to
apply a logic zero (0) to appropriate I/O port bit. In this case, voltage level on appropriate pin
will be 0.
Similarly, in order to configure a microcontroller pin as an input, it is necessary to apply a

logic one (1) to appropriate port. In this case, voltage level on appropriate pin will be 5V (as
is the case with any TTL input). This may seem confusing but don't loose your patience. It all
becomes clear after studying simple electronic circuits connected to an I/O pin.
Memory Organization
The 8051 has two types of memory and these are Program Memory and Data Memory.
Program Memory (ROM) is used to permanently save the program being executed, while
Data Memory (RAM) is used for temporarily storing data and intermediate results created
and used during the operation of the microcontroller. Depending on the model in use (we are
still talking about the 8051 microcontroller family in general) at most a few Kb of ROM and
128 or 256 bytes of RAM is used. However…
All 8051 microcontrollers have a 16-bit addressing bus and are capable of addressing 64 kb
memory. It is neither a mistake nor a big ambition of engineers who were working on basic
core development. It is a matter of smart memory organization which makes these
microcontrollers a real “programmers’ goody“.
Special Function Registers (SFRs)
Special Function Registers (SFRs) are a sort of control table used for running and monitoring
the operation of the microcontroller. Each of these registers as well as each bit they include,
has its name, address in the scope of RAM and precisely defined purpose such as timer
control, interrupt control, serial communication control etc. Even though there are 128
memory locations intended to be occupied by them, the basic core, shared by all types of
8051 microcontrollers, has only 21 such registers. Rest of locations is intentionally left
unoccupied in order to enable the manufacturers to further develop microcontrollers keeping
them compatible with the previous versions. It also enables programs written a long time ago
for microcontrollers which are out of production now to be used today.
Program Status Word (PSW) Register
PSW register is one of the most important SFRs. It contains several status bits that reflect the
current state of the CPU. Besides, this register contains Carry bit, Auxiliary Carry, two
register bank select bits, Overflow flag, parity bit and user-definable status flag.
P - Parity bit. If a number stored in the accumulator is even then this bit will be
automatically set (1), otherwise it will be cleared (0). It is mainly used during data transmit
and receive via serial communication.
- Bit 1. This bit is intended to be used in the future versions of microcontrollers.
OV Overflow occurs when the result of an arithmetical operation is larger than 255 and
cannot be stored in one register. Overflow condition causes the OV bit to be set (1).
Otherwise, it will be cleared (0).
RS0, RS1 - Register bank select bits. These two bits are used to select one of four register
banks of RAM. By setting and clearing these bits, registers R0-R7
R0 R7 are stored in one of four
banks of RAM.
RS1 RS2 Space in RAM
0 0 Bank0 00h-07h
0 1 Bank1 08h-0Fh
1 0 Bank2 10h-17h
1 1 Bank3 18h-1Fh
F0 - Flag 0. This is a general-purpose

purpose bit available for use.
AC - Auxiliary Carry Flag is used for BCD operations only.
CY - Carry Flag is the (ninth) auxiliary bit used for all arithmetical operations and shift
instructions.
Data Pointer Register (DPTR)
DPTR register is not a true one because it doesn't physically exist. It consists of two separate
registers: DPH (Data Pointer High) and (Data Pointer Low). For this reason it may be treated
as a 16-bit
bit register or as two independent 8-bit
8 bit registers. Their 16 bits are primarly used for
external memory addressing. Besides, the DPTR Register is usually used for storing data and
intermediate results.
Stack Pointer (SP) Register
A value stored in the Stack Pointer points to the first free stack address and permits stack
availability. Stack pushes increment the value in the Stack Pointer by 1. Likewise, stack pops
decrement its value by 1. Upon on any reset and power-on,
power on, the value 7 is stored in the Stack
Pointer, which means that the space of RAM reserved for the stack starts at this location. If
another value is written to this register, the entire Stack is moved to the new memory
location.
P0, P1, P2, P3 - Input/Output Registers
If neither external memory nor serial communication system are used then 4 ports with in
total of 32 input/output pins are available for connection to peripheral environment. Each bit
within these ports affects the state
te and performance of appropriate pin of the microcontroller.
Thus, bit logic state is reflected on appropriate pin as a voltage (0 or 5 V) and vice versa,
voltage on a pin reflects the state of appropriate port bit.
As mentioned, port bit state affects performance

performance of port pins, i.e. whether they will be
configured as inputs or outputs. If a bit is cleared (0), the appropriate pin will be configured
as an output, while if it is set (1), the appropriate pin will be configured as an input. Upon
reset and power-on,
on, all port bits are set (1), which means that all appropriate pins will be
configured as inputs.
Counters and Timers
As you already know, the microcontroller oscillator uses quartz crystal for its operation. As
the frequency of this oscillator is precisely defined and very stable, pulses it generates are
always of the same width, which makes them ideal for time measurement. Such crystals are
also used in quartz watches. In order to measure time between two events it is sufficient to
count up pulses coming from this oscillator. That is exactly what the timer does. If the timer
is properly programmed, the value stored in its register will be incremented (or decremented)
with each coming pulse, i.e. once per each machine cycle. A single machine-cycle
machine cycle instruction
i
lasts for 12 quartz oscillator periods, which means that by embedding quartz with oscillator
frequency of 12MHz, a number stored in the timer register will be changed million times per
second, i.e. each microsecond.
The 8051 microcontroller has 2 timers/counters called T0 and T1. As their names suggest,
their main purpose is to measure time and count external events. Besides, they can be used
for generating clock pulses to be used in serial communication, so called Baud Rate.
Timer T0
As seen in figure below, the timer T0 consists of two registers – TH0 and TL0 representing a
low and a high byte of one 16-digit
digit binary number.
Accordingly, if the content of the timer T0 is equal to 0 (T0=0) then both registers it consists
of will contain 0. If the timer contains for example number 1000 (decimal), then the TH0
register (high byte) will contain the number 3, while the TL0 register (low byte) will contain
decimal number 232.
Formula used to calculate values in these two registers is very simple:

TH0 × 256 + TL0 = T
Matching the previous example it would be as follows:
3 × 256 + 232 = 1000
Since the timer T0 is virtually 16-bit

16 bit register, the largest value it can store is 65 535. In case
of exceeding this value, the timer will be automatically cleared
cleared and counting starts from 0.
This condition is called an overflow. Two registers TMOD and TCON are closely connected
to this timer and control its operation.
TMOD Register (Timer Mode)
The TMOD register selects the operational mode of the timers T0 and T1. As seen in figure
below, the low 4 bits (bit0 - bit3) refer to the timer 0, while the high 4 bits (bit4 - bit7) refer
to the timer 1. There are 4 operational modes and each of them is described herein.
Bits of this register have the following function:

fun
• GATE1 enables and disables Timer 1 by means of a signal brought to the INT1 pin
(P3.3):
o 1 - Timer 1 operates only if the INT1 bit is set.
o 0 - Timer 1 operates regardless of the logic state of the INT1 bit.
• C/T1 selects pulses to be counted up by the timer/counter 1:
o 1 - Timer counts pulses brought to the T1 pin (P3.5).
o 0 - Timer counts pulses from internal oscillator.
• T1M1,T1M0 These two bits select the operational mode of the Timer 1.
T1M1 T1M0 Mode Description

0 0 0 13-bit timer
0 1 1 16-bit timer
8-bit auto-
1 0 2
reload
1 1 3 Split mode
• GATE0 enables and disables Timer 1 using a signal brought to the INT0 pin (P3.2):
o 1 - Timer 0 operates only if the INT0 bit is set.
o 0 - Timer 0 operates regardless of the logic state of the INT0 bit.
• C/T0 selects pulses to be counted up by the timer/counter 0:
o 1 - Timer counts pulses brought to the T0 pin (P3.4).
o 0 - Timer counts pulses from internal oscillator.
• T0M1,T0M0 These two bits select the oprtaional mode of the Timer 0.
T0M1 T0M0 Mode Description

0 0 0 13-bit timer
0 1 1 16-bit timer
1 0 2 8-bit auto-reload
1 1 3 Split mode
Timer Control (TCON) Register

TCON register is also one of the registers whose bits are directly in control of timer
operation.
Only 4 bits of this register are used for this purpose, while rest of them is used for interrupt
control to be discussed later.
• TF1 bit is automatically set on the Timer 1 overflow.

• TR1 bit enables the Timer 1.
o 1 - Timer 1 is enabled.
o 0 - Timer 1 is disabled.
• TF0 bit is automatically set on the Timer 0 overflow.
• TR0 bit enables the timer 0.
o 1 - Timer 0 is enabled.
o 0 - Timer 0 is disabled.
Timer 1
Timer 1 is identical to timer 0, except for mode 3 which is a hold-count

count mode. It means that
they have the same function, their operation is controlled by the same registers TMOD and
TCON and both of them can operate in one out of 4 different modes.
Result:
Thus the 8051 Architecture has been studied.

POST LAB QUESTION & ANSWERS
1. What are the advantages of an assembly language in comparison with high

level language?
2. What is the function of HOLD and HLDA signal?
3. What is the function of TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5 interrupt?
4. What is the function of timing and control unit?
5. What is the function of SID and SOD pin?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
PRE-LAB
1. Specify the number of registers in a 2K memory chip?
2. What is an assembler?
3. What are the advantages of an assembly language in comparison with

high level language?
4. List the components of computer?
5. What is an operating system?

2. ARTHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051
Aim:
To do the arithmetic operations using 8051 microprocessor
Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
DAC interface kit
Keyboard
Algorithm:
Addition / Subtraction
Step 1 : Move 1H data to memory
Step 2 : Add or subtract 1H data with 2nd data
Step 3 : Initialize data pointer.
Step 4 : Move result to memory pointed by DPTR.
START
Out 1H data in memory
Add or subtract 1H and 1st data
Initialize DPTR
Move result to memory preset by DPTR
Stop
Multiplication / Division
Step 1 : Get 1H data and 2nd data to memory
Step 2 : Multiply or divide 1H data with 2nd data
Step 3 : Initialize data pointer.
Step 4 : Move result to memory pointed by DPTR (first port)
Step 5 : Increment DPTR
Step 6 : Move 2nd part of result to register A
Step 7 : Move result to 2nd memory location pointer by DPTR
START
Get data into the register
Complement the data
Move the data to pointer by DPTR
Increment data
Increment DPTR
Move data into paste location
Short jump to preset location
Stop
Program: 8-bit Addition:
Memory Label Opcode Mnemonics Comments

Location
4100 74 01 MOV A, #01 Moves data 1 to
register A
4102 24 02 ADD A, #02 Add content of A and
data 2 and store in A
4104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR,#4500 Moves data 4500 to
DPTR
4107 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Moves control of A to
location pointed DTPR
4108 80 FE SJMP 4108 Short jump to 4108
Execution:
Addition:
ML Input ML Output
4101 4500
4103
Program: 8-bit Subtraction:

Location
4100 74 05 MOV A,#05 Moves data 1 to
register A
4102 94 02 SUBB A,#02 Subtract data 2 from
content of A and store
result in A
4104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR,#4500 Moves 4500 to DPTR
4107 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Moves result by
location by DTPR
4108 80 FE SJMP 4109 Short jump to 4109
Execution:
Subtraction:
ML Input ML Output
4101 4500
4103
Program: 8-bit Multiplication:

Location
4100 Start 74 03 MOV A,#03 Move immediate data
to accumulator
4101 75 F0 02 MOV B,#02 Move 2nd data to B
register
4105 A4 MUL AB Get the product in A &
B
4106 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, # 4500 Load data in 4500
location
4109 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A t ext RAM
410A A3 INC DPTR

410B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move 2nd data in A
410D F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Same the ext RAM
410E 80 FE SJMP 410E Remain idle in infinite
loop
Execution:
Multiplication:
ML Input Output Address Value
4101 4500
4103
Program: 8-bit Division:
Location
4100 Start 74 04 MOV A,#04 Move immediate data
to accumulator
4102 75 F0 02 MOV B,#02 Move immediate to B
reg.
4105 84 DIV AB Divide content of A &
B
4106 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, # 4500 Load data pointer with
4500 location
4109 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to ext RAM
410A A3 INC DPTR Increment data pointer
410B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move remainder to A
410D F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to ext RAM
410E 80 FE SJMP 410E Remain idle in infinite
loop
Execution:
Division:
ML Input Output Address Value
4101 4500
4103
Result:
Thus 8-bit addition, subtraction, multiplication and division is performed using 8051.
POST-LAB
6. Define OPCODE and Operand, and specify the opcode and the operand
in the instruction MOV H, L.
7. Find the machine codes and the number of bytes of for the following
instructions. Identify the opcode and the operands.
a) MVI H,47H
b) ADI F5H
c) SUB C
8. Find the HEX codes for the following instructions, identify the opcodes
and operands, and show the order of entering the codes in memory
STA 2050H
JNZ 2070H
9. Classification of 8085 Instruction set.
10. Find the hex machine code for the following instruction from the
instruction set and identify the number of bytes of each instruction and
assume that the starting address is 2000H.
MVI B,45H
MVI C, 78H
MOV A,C
ADD B
OUT 07H
HLT.
Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
3.FINDING MAXIMUM VALUE IN AN ARRAY
PRE-LAB
1. What is a bus?
2. How many address lines are necessary to address 2048K memory?
3. Why is the data bus bidirectional?
4. Why are the program counter and Data Pointer 16 bit registers?
5. What is a transparent latch, why it is necessary to use a latch with output

devices such as LEDs?
3.FINDING MAXIMUM VALUE IN AN ARRAY
Aim:
Write an assembly language program to find the biggest number in an array of 8-bit
unsigned numbers of predetermined length.
Apparatus required:
8051 microcontroller kit
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Initialize pointer and counter.
2. Load internal memory location 40H as zero.
3. Move the first element of an array to r5 register.
4. Compare the data stored in memory location 40H is equal to or less than the
value of first element of an array.
5. If it is lesser, then move the data of first element to 40H memory location
ELSE increment pointer and decrement counter.
nd
6. Check the counter. If counter is not equal to zero, repeat from the 2
step else Move the R5 register to 40H memory location.
7. Stop the program.
Program:
Location
4100 90 42 00 MOV DPTR,#4200H
MOV 40H,#00H
4103
75 40 00
Give the number of inputs for
4106
7D 0A MOV R5,#05H finding the largest number.
Moves into accumulator a byte
4108
LOOP2: E0 MOVX A,@DPTR from external memory
Compare and jump not equal to
4109
B5 40 08 CJNE A,40H,LOOP1 ‘A’
410C
LOOP 3 A3 INC DPTR
Decrement and Jump not equal to
410D
DD F9 DJNZ R5,LOOP2 Zero
410F
E5 40 MOV A,40H
4111
F0 MOVX @DPTR,A
4112 HLT 80 FE SJMP HLT
4114 LOOP1 40 F6 JC LOOP3
4116 F5 40 MOV 40H,A
4118 80 F2 SJMP LOOP3
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT:
INPUT:
Memory address Data

4200
OUTPUT:
Memory address Data
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program was written to find the largest element in an
array and executed using 8051 microcontroller.
POST-LAB
1. Draw the pin diagram of 8051 microcontroller?
2. Write some applications of microcontroller.
3. Explain the operation of MOVX @DPTR, A, MOVX A,@DPTR and

MOV DPTR, #DATA16 instructions?
4. Define DPTR.
5. What is use of EA pin?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
4. SORTING OF DATA-ASCENDING ORDER-DESCEDING
PRE-LAB
1. Mention any four addressing modes of 8051?
2. Mention the timers of 8051?
3. Mention the SFR registers used in timer operation?
4. Mention the operating modes of 8051?
5. What is RS 232C?
4. SORTING OF DATA-ASCENDING ORDER-DESCEDING
AIM:
To arrange an array of 8-bit unsigned numbers of known length in an ascending order.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Initialize the register and data pointer.
2. Get first two elements in registers A &B.
3. Compare the two elements of data. If value of B register is high then exchange A
& B data else increment pointer and decrement register R3.
4. Check R3 is zero, and then move the register R5 & R6.
5. Again increment pointer and decrement R4,
6. Check R4 is zero. If no repeat the process from step 2.
7. Otherwise stop the program.
Program:
Location
MOV R3,#4
4100 7B 04
MOV R4,#4
4102 7C 04
4104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR,#4500
4107 REPT 1: AD 82 MOV R5,DPL
4109 AE 83 MOV R6, DPH
410B E0 MOVX A,@DPTR
410C F5 FO MOV B,A
410E REPT A3 INC DPTR
410F E0 MOVX A,@DPTR
4110 F8 MOV R0,A
4111 C3 CLR C
4112 95 F0 SUBB A,B
4114 50 13 JNC CHKNXT

4116 EXCH C0 82 PUSH DPL
4118 C0 83 PUSH DPH
411A 8D 82 MOV DPL,R5
411C 8E 83 MOV DPH,R6
411E E8 MOV A,R0
411F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A
4120 D0 83 POP DPH
4122 D0 82 POP DPL
4124 E5 F0 MOV A,B
4126 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A
4127 88 F0 MOV B,R0
4129 CHKNXT: DBE3 DJNZ R3,REPT
412B 1C DEC R4
412C EC MOV A,R4

MOV R3,A
412D FB
412E OC INC R 4
412F 8D 82 MOV DPL,R5
4131 8E 83 MOV DPH,R6
4133 A3 INC DPTR
4134 DC D1 DJNZ R4,REPT1
4136 80 FE SJMP HLT

Algorithm:
1. Initialize the register and data pointer.
2. Get first two elements in registers A &B.
3. Compare the two elements of data. If value of B register is low then exchange A &
B data else increment pointer and decrement register R3.
4. Check R3 is zero, and then move the register R5 & R6.
5. Again increment pointer and decrement R4,
6. Check R4 is zero. If no repeat the process from step 2.
7. Otherwise stop the program.
Program for Descending:

Location
MOV R3,#4
4100 7B 04
MOV R4,#4
4102 7C 04
4104 90 45 00 MOV DPTR,#4500
4107 REPT 1: AD 82 MOV R5,DPL
4109 AE 83 MOV R6, DPH
410B E0 MOVX A,@DPTR
410C F5 FO MOV B,A
410E REPT A3 INC DPTR
410F E0 MOVX A,@DPTR
4110 F8 MOV R0,A
4111 C3 CLR C
4112 95 F0 SUBB A,B
4114 40 13 JC CHKNXT
4116 EXCH C0 82 PUSH DPL
4118 C0 83 PUSH DPH
411A 8D 83 MOV DPL,R5
411C 8E 83 MOV DPH,R6
411E E8 MOV A,R0

411F F0 MOVX @DPTR,A
4120 D0 83 POP DPH
4122 D0 82 POP DPL
4124 E5 F0 MOV A,B
4127 88 F0 MOV B,R0
4129 CHKNXT: DBE3 DJNZ R3,REPT
412B 1C DEC R4
412C EC MOV A,R4

MOV R3,A
412D FB
412E OC INC R 4
412F 8D 82 MOV DPL,R5
4131 8E 83 MOV DPH,R6
4133 A3 INC DPTR
4134 DC D1 DJNZ R4,REPT1
4136 80 FE SJMP HLT

SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT ASCENDING
INPUT:
Memory address Data
OUTPUT:
Memory address Data
SAMPLE INPUT AND OUTPUT DESCENDING
INPUT:
Memory address Data
OUTPUT:
Memory address Data
RESULT:
Thus the assembly language program was written to sort the data in an ascending order and
executed using 8051 microcontroller.
POST-LAB
1. What is the major difference between 8051 and 8052?
2. What is the size of the SP register?
3. Which register bank is used if we alter RS0 and RS1 of the PSW by the
following two instructions?
SetB PSW.3
SetB PSW.4
4. What RAM locations are used for registers R0-R7 for question no.3?
5. When the 8051 is powered on by default SP sets to which bank?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
5. HEXTO ASCII CONVERSION
PRE-LAB
1. What is T -state?
2. Define opcode and operand.
3. What is meant by memory mapping?
4. What is Vectored and Non- Vectored interrupt?
5. What is Polling ? What are the different types of Polling?

5. HEX TO ASCII CONVERSION
Aim:
Write an assembly language program to convert a HEX to its equivalent ASCII code
and display the result in the address field.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Get the ASCII characters in the range 0 to 9or A to F as input

2. Compare whether it falls in the range 0 to 9 or A to F
3. If it falls in the range 0 to 9 add 30H or add 37H
4. Display the result in the address field.
Program:
Hint: 0 to 9 in ASCII equivalent Hex value is 30H to 39H and for A to F in ASCII is 41H
to 46H
Location
4100 90 42 00 MOV DPTR,#4200H Input a HEX Value
4103 E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4104 F8 MOV R0,A
4105 94 0A SUBB A, #0AH Compare Value 0-9
4107 50 05 JNC LOOP1 Values A-F go to Loop 1
4109 E8 MOV A,R0
410A 24 30 ADD A,#30H 0-9 Add 30H
410C 80 03 SJMP LOOP
410E LOOP 1 E8 MOV A, R0
410F 24 37 ADD A, #37H A-F Add 37H
4111 LOOP 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #4500H

Output Hex Value Equivalent to
4114 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
ASCII Character
4115 80 FE SJMP 4115
INPUT:
Memory address Data

4200 Hex=
OUTPUT:
Memory address Data

ASCII equivalent Hex
4500 Value =
Result:
Thus the assembly language program was written to convert HEX to ASCII and executed
using 8051 microcontroller.
POST LAB
1. Which program produces the .obj file?
2. Show the lowest and highest values (in hex) that the 8051 program
counter can take.
3. What is PUSH and POP instruction? Give example.
4. What is the difference between SJMP, LJMP and AJMP?
5. What are the addressing modes of 8051?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
6. FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A GIVEN DATA
PRE-LAB
1. What is the purpose of EA, PSEN and ALE in 8051?
2. How many ports are there in 8051 and by default the ports are set as
output/input port?
3. Which ports of 8051 are bit-addressable?
4. Give any five Special Function Registers.
5. What is the advantage of register indirect addressing?

6. FIND THE SQUARE ROOT OF A GIVEN DATA
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to find the square root of a given data
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Enter a program.
2. Enter the input hex value to location 4200h.
3. Execute the program.
4. The output square root value stored in a location 4500h.
PROGRAM:
Location
4100 Origin: 90 42 00 MOV DPTR,#4200h Get a input data
4103 E0 MOVX A,@DPTR
4104 F9 MOV R1,a
4105 7A 01 MOV R2, #01h Initialize counter
4107 L1: E9 MOV A,R1
4108 8A F0 MOV B,R2
410a 84 DIV AB divide the given value
and counter
410b FB MOV R3,A
410c ACF0 MOV R4,B
410e 9A SUBB A ,R2 compare
410f 60 03 JZ RESULT Dividend and counter
4111 0A INC R2
4112 80 F3 SJMP L1
4114 Result: 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #4500H Square Root
4117 EB MOV A,R3
4118 F0 MOVX @DPTR,A Stored
4119 HLT 80 FE SJMP HLT

ML Input ML Output
4200 40(hex 4500 8
value)=64(decimal)
Result:
Thus an assembly language program is written to find the square root of a given data and
executed successfully
POST-LAB
1. What is the limitation of register indirect addressing mode ?
2. How many ports are there in 8051 and by default the ports are set as
output/input port?
3. What is Unpacked BCD and Packed BCD?
4. What is DA instruction and brief it with an example?
5. When is the OV flag is set?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
7. Transfer data serially between two kits
PRE-LAB
1. What is the difference serial and parallel data transfer ?
2. What is simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex transfers?
3. What are the two methods of Serial Data transfer?
4. Which is most used serial I/O interfacing standard?
5. What is the purpose of start and stop bits?

7. Transfer data serially between two kits
Aim:
To write an assembly language program Transmitting and Receiving the data between two
kits.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Initialize TMOD with 20H
2. Set the values for TCON and SCON
3. Set the input address to DPTR
4. Based on the bit value on SCON store the data in SBUF
5. Increment DPTR and check for the loop end value
PROGRAM FOR RECEIVER.

Location
4100 75 89 20 MOV TMOD, #20H
4103 75 8D A0 MOV TH1, #0A0H
4106 75 8B 00 MOV TL1, #00H
4109 75 88 40 MOV TCON, #40H
410C 75 98 58 MOV SCON, #58H
410F 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #4500H Output
4112 RELOAD 7D 05 MOV R5, #05H
4114 CHECK 30 98 FD JNB SCON.0, CHECK
4117 C2 98 CLR SCON.0 MOV SCON,#50
4119 E5 99 MOV A, SBUF
411B F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
411C A3 INC DPTR
411D B4 3F F2 CJNE A, #3FH,
RELOAD
4120 DD F2 DJNZ R5, CHECK
4122 E4 CLR A
4123 12 00 20 LCALL 0020H
Algorithm for Transmitter:
1. Initialize TMOD with 20H
2. Set the values for TCON and SCON
3. Set the input address to DPTR
4. Based on the bit value on SCON store the data in SBUF and move the data
to register ‘A’.
5. Increment DPTR and check for the loop end value
PROGRAM FOR TRANSMITTER.
Location
4100 75 89 20 MOV TMOD, #20H
4103 75 8D A0 MOV TH1, #0A0H
4106 75 8B 00 MOV TL1, #00H
4109 75 88 40 MOV TCON, #40H
410C 75 98 58 MOV SCON, #58H
410F 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #4500H Input
4112 RELOAD 7D 05 MOV R5, #05H
4114 REPEAT E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4115 F5 99 MOV SBUF, A
4117 CHECK 30 99 FD JNB SCON.1, CHECK
411A C2 99 CLR SCON.1
411C A3 INC DPTR
411D B4 3F F2 CJNE A, #3FH,
RELOAD
4120 DD F2 DJNZ R5, REPEAT
4122 E4 CLR A
4123 12 00 20 LCALL 0020H
Sl.No Transmitter Input (Hex Values) Receiver Output (Hex Values)

Input Address 4500
1 00 00
2 11 11
3 22 22
4 33 33
Result:
Thus an assembly language program displaying characters on seven segment display has been
executed.
POST-LAB
1. What is meant by Baud Rate?
2. What is purpose of SBUF register?
3. What is the purpose of SCON register ?
4. Which register has the SMOD bit, and What is its status when the 8051 is
powered up?
5. Which timer of the 8051 is used to set the baud rate?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
8. Seven segment display
PRE-LAB
1. There are different modes that can be used for each timer what are they?
2. What is the equivalent of the instruction SETB TCON.6?
3. What is the function of the ANL C, bit?
4. What is LCALL and ACALL?
5. What is the function of the instruction MOVC A,@A+DPTR?

8. Seven segment display
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to display characters on a seven display interface.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Enter a program.
2. Initialize number of digits to Scan
3. Select the digit position through the port address C0
4. Display the characters through the output at address C8.
5. Check whether all the digits are display.
6. Repeat the Process.
PROGRAM:
Location
4100 START 90 45 00 MOV DPTR, #address Data to be displayed
4103 AA 82 MOV R2, DPL
4105 AB 83 MOV R3, DPH
4107 78 07 MOV R0, #07H total digit positions in
seven display
4109 7F 08 MOV R7, #08H Initialize no.of digits to
scan
410B L1 E8 MOV A, R0 Select digit position
410C 90 FF C0 MOV DPTR, #FFC0H
410F F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
4110 8A 82 MOV DPL, R2
4112 8B 83 MOV DPH, R3
4115 90 FF C8 MOV DPTR, #FFC8H
4119 12 41 22 LCALL DELAY
411C 0A INC R2
411D 18 DEC R0 Check if 8 digits are
displayed
411E DF EB DJNZ R7, L1 If not repeat
4120 21 00 AJMP START Repeat from the 1st digit
4122 DELAY 7C 02 MOV R4, #02H
4124 L3 7D FF MOV R5, #FFH
4126 L2 DD FE DJNZ R5, L2
4128 DC FA DJNZ R4, L3
412A 22 RET
Sl.No Input (hex Values) Output (Characters)
Result:
Thus an assembly language program displaying characters on seven segment display has been
executed.
POST-LAB
1. Name some bit addressable register?
2. How the baud rate can doubled?
3. What is TI and RI interrupts?
4. What are the rotate instructions which involve with carry?
5. What is the function of SWAP instruction?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
PRE LAB QUESTION AND ANSWERS
1. Explain the various steps involved when executing CALL instruction.
2. What is the use of PUSH and POP instruction?
3. What is a subroutine program?

9. Eight-Bit Digital to Analog Converter
Aim:
To write an assembly language program to display Characters on a seven display interface.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Move the Port Address of DAC 2 FFC8 to the DPTR.
2. Move the Value of Register A to DPTR and then Call the delay.
3. Move the Value of Register A (FFh) to DPTR and the call the dalay.
4. Repeat the steps 2 and 3.
PROGRAM TO GENERATE SQUARE WAVEFORM

Location
4103 START: 74 00 MOV A, #00H
4109 74 FF MOV A, #FFH
410C 12 41 12 LCALL DELAY
410F 02 41 03 LJMP STTART
4112 DELAY: 79 05 MOV R1, #05H
4114 LOOP: 7A FF MOV R2, #FFH
4116 HERE: DA FE DJNZ R2, HERE
4118 D9 FA DJNZ R1, LOOP
411A 22 RET
411B 80 E6 SJMP START
PROGRAM TO GENERATE SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM

Location
4103 74 00 MOV A, #00H
4105 LOOP: F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
4106 04 INC A
4107 80 FC SJMP LOOP
PROGRAM TO GENERATE TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM
Location
4103 START: 74 00 MOV A, #00H
4105 LOOP1: F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
4106 04 INC A
4107 70 FC JNZ LOOP1
4109 74 FF MOV A, #0FFH
410B LOOP2: F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
410C 14 DEC A
410D 70 FC JNZ LOOP2
410F 02 41 03 LJMP START
Result:
Thus an assembly language program for Digital to Analog has been executed.
POST LAB QUESTION AND ANSWERS
1. How the instructions are classified according to word size?
2. What is mode 0 operation of 8255.
3. What are the modes of operation supported by 8255?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
1. What is NV-RAM?
2. What is the use of PUSH and POP instruction?
3. What is a subroutine program?

10. Eight-Bit Analog to Digital Converter
Aim:
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Make ALE low/high by moving the respective data from A register to
DPTR.
2. Move the SOC( Start Of Conversion) data to DPTR from FFD0
3. Check for the End Of Conversion and read data from Buffer at address
FFC0
4. End the Program.
PROGRAM:
Port Address for 74LS174 Latch: FFC8
Port Address for SOC: FFD0
Port Address for EOC 1: FFD8
Port Address for 74LS 244 Buffer: FFC0
Location
4100 90 FF C8 MOV DPTR, #FFC8
4103 74 10 MOV A, #10 Select Channel 0 and
4105 F0 MOVX @DPTR, A Make ALE Low
4106 74 18 MOV A, #18 Make ALE High
4109 90 FF D0 MOV DPTR, #FFD0
410C 74 01 MOV A, #01 SOC Signal High
410E F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
410F 74 00 MOV A, #00 SOC Signal Low
4112 90 FF D8 MOV DPTR, #FFD8
4115 WAIT: E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4116 30 E0 FC JNB E0, WAIT Check For EOC
4119 90 FF C0 MOV DPTR, #FFC0 Read ADC Data
411C E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4110 90 41 50 MOV DPTR, #4150 Store the Data
4121 HERE: 90 FE SJMP HERE
Result:
Thus an assembly language program is executed for analog to digital conversion.
1. How the instructions are classified according to word size?
2. What is mode 0 operation of 8255.
3. What are the modes of operation supported by 8255?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
1. What is an interrupt?
2. Define Polling.
3. What is the disadvantage of polling?

11. Internal Interrupt
Aim:
To write an assembly language program for Internal Interrupt.
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Move the value 081H to the Interrupt Enable pin to enable it.
2. Press INT0 interrupt is enabled. LED’s are on.
3. End the Program.
PROGRAM:

Location
4100 75 89 10 MOV TMOD, #10H TIMER 1 MODE 1
4103 75 A8 88 MOV IE, #88H TIMER 1 Overflow
Interrupt
4106 75 8D 00 MOV TH1,#00H
4109 75 8B 00 MOV TL1,#00H
410C D2 8E SETB TR1 Start the timer
410E L1: 30 8F FD JNB TF1,L1 check the timer overflow
4111 C2 8E CLR TR1 clear the timer overflow
4113 C2 8F CLR TF1
4115 L2: 80 FE SJMP L2
Interrupt Service Routine
5030 74 12 MOV A,#12
5032 90 FF 20 MOV DPTR,#FF20H
5036 HLT: 80 FE SJMP HLT
Result:
Thus an assembly language program for the internal interrupt has been done.
1. What is advantage of interrupts?
2. What is interrupt vector table?
3. How many interrupts are in 8051?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
1. What is stepper motor?
2. Define Step angle.
3. What are the applications of stepper motor?

12. SPEED CONTROL OF STEPPER MOTOR
Aim:
To write an assembly program to make the stepper motor run in forward and reverse
direction.
Apparatus required:
Stepper motor
8051 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) power supply
Algorithm:
1. Fix the DPTR with the Latch Chip address FFC0
2. Move the values of register A one by one with some delay based on the 2-
Phase switching Scheme and repeat the loop.
3. For Anti Clockwise direction repeat the step 3 by reversing the value
sequence.
4. End the Program

Location
4100 90 FF C0 MOV DPTR, #FFC0
4103 74 09 MOV A, #09
4109 74 05 MOV A, #05
410F 74 06 MOV A, #06
4115 74 0A MOV A, #0A

411B 80 E3 SJMP 4100
4500 DELAY: 78 55 MOV R0, #55
4502 L2 79 FF MOV R1, #FF
4504 L1 D9 FE DJNZ R1, L1
4506 D8 FA DJNZ R0, L2
4508 22 RET
Result:
Thus an assembly language program to control of stepper motor was executed
successfully using 8051 Microcontroller kit.
1. What are the types of stepper motor?
2. Brief 2-phase on mode?

Register Number :

MARKS (50) OBTAINED
1 PRE LAB 5
2 PROGRAM 25
3 EXECUTION 15
4 POST LAB 5
TOTAL 50
Staff Signature
1. What is control word?
2. How many modes of operation are available for 8255 ?
3. What is BSR mode in 8255?

13. TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER
Aim:
Apparatus required:
(0-5V) DC battery
Algorithm:
1. Fix the control the control and move the control word to control register.
2. Move the Traffic Light LED Position values to Port A, Port B and Port C
respectively based on the logic.
3. Fix the delay based on the requirement.
3. Execute the program.
PROGRAM:
4100 ORG 4100
CONTRL EQU 0FF0FH
PORT A EQU 0FF0CH
PORT B EQU 0FF0DH
PORT C EQU 0FF0EH

Location
4100 74 80 MOV A, #80H
4102 90 FF 0F MOV DPTR, #CONTRL
4106 START 7C 04 MOV R4, #04H
4108 90 41 9B MOV DPTR, #LOOK1
410B AA 83 MOV R2, DPH
410D AB 82 MOV R3, DPL
410F 90 41 8F MOV DPTR, #LOOK
4112 A8 83 MOV R0, DPH
4114 A9 82 MOV R1, DPL
4116 GO E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4117 A8 83 MOV R0, DPH
4119 A9 82 MOV R1, DPL
411B 90 FF 0C MOV DPTR, #PORT A
411E F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
411F 09 INC R1
4120 88 83 MOV DPH, R0
4122 89 82 MOV DPL, R1
4125 A8 83 MOV R0, DPH
4127 A9 82 MOV R1, DPL
4129 90 FF 0D MOV DPTR, #PORT B
412C F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
412D 09 INC R1
412E 88 83 MOV DPH, R0
4130 89 82 MOV DPL, R1
4133 A8 83 MOV R0, DPH
4135 A9 82 MOV R1, DPL
4137 90 FF 0E MOV DPTR, #PORT C
413A F0 MOVX @DPTR, A
413B 09 INC R1
413F 8A 83 MOV DPH, R2
4141 8B 82 MOV DPL, R3
4144 AA 83 MOV R2, DPH
4146 AB 82 MOV R3, DPL
4148 90 FF 0C MOV DPTR, #PORT A
414C 0B INC R3
414D 8A 83 MOV DPH, R2
414F 8B 82 MOV DPL, R3
4156 90 FF 0D MOV DPTR, #PORT B
415A 0B INC R3
415B 8A 83 MOV DPH, R2
415D 8B 82 MOV DPL, R3
415F E0 MOVX A, @DPTR
4164 90 FF 0E MOV DPTR, #PORT C
4168 0B INC R3
4169 12 41 82 LCALL DELAY1
416C 88 83 MOV DPH, R0
416E 89 82 MOV DPL, R1
4170 DC A4 DJNZ R4, GO
4172 12 41 06 LCALL START
4175 DELAY 7D 12 MOV R5, #12H
4177 L3 7E FF MOV R6, #0FFH
4179 L2 7F FF MOV R7, #0FFH
417B L1 DF FE DJNZ R7, L1
417D DE FA DJNZ R6, L2
417F DD F6 DJNZ R5, L3
4181 22 RET
4182 DELAY1 7D 12 MOV R5, #12H
4184 L6 7E FF MOV R6, #0FFH
4186 L5 7F FF MOV R7, #0FFH
4188 L4 DF FE DJNZ R7, L4
418A DE FA DJNZ R6, L5
418C DD F6 DJNZ R5, L6
418E 22 RET
418F LOOK 44 27 12 DB 44H, 27H, 12H
4192 92 2B 10 DB 92H, 2BH, 10H

4195 84 9D 10 DB 84H, 9DH, 10H
4198 84 2E 48 DB 84H, 2EH, 48H
419B LOOK1 48 27 12 DB 48H, 27H, 12H
419E 92 4B 10 DB 92H, 4BH, 10H
41A1 84 9D 20 DB 84H, 9DH, 20H
41A4 04 2E 49 DB 04H, 2EH, 49H
Result:
Thus an assembly language program for the Traffic Light Control has been executed.
1. What is 8254?
2. What is 8259A?
3. What is 8237?

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15EE305J -MICROCONTROLLER LAB

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SL.No. Name of the Experiments Page No.

7 Transfer data serially between two kits (Study of

Name of the candidate :

S.NO: MARKS SPLIT UP MAXIMUM MARKS

2. What is the function of program counter?

3. What is the function of stack pointer?

4. What is an operating system?

5. What is the function of ALE, and S0, S1 pin?

Architecture of 8051 microcontroller has following features

• 4 Kb of ROM is not much at all.

The whole configuration is obviously thought of as to satisfy the needs of most

Pin 10: RXD Serial asynchronous communication input or Serial synchronous

Pin 11: TXD Serial asynchronous communication output or Serial synchronous

Pin 12: INT0 Interrupt 0 inputs.

Pin 13: INT1 Interrupt 1 input.

Pin 14: T0 Counter 0 clock input.

Pin 15: T1 Counter 1 clock input.

Pin 16: WR Write to external (additional) RAM.

Pin 17: RD Read from external RAM.

Pin 20: GND Ground.

Pin 40: VCC +5V power supply.

Input/Output Ports (I/O Ports)

Similarly, in order to configure a microcontroller pin as an input, it is necessary to apply a

Special Function Registers (SFRs)

Program Status Word (PSW) Register

- Bit 1. This bit is intended to be used in the future versions of microcontrollers.

F0 - Flag 0. This is a general-purpose

AC - Auxiliary Carry Flag is used for BCD operations only.

Data Pointer Register (DPTR)

P0, P1, P2, P3 - Input/Output Registers

As mentioned, port bit state affects performance

Counters and Timers

Formula used to calculate values in these two registers is very simple:

Since the timer T0 is virtually 16-bit

Bits of this register have the following function:

T1M1 T1M0 Mode Description

T0M1 T0M0 Mode Description

Timer Control (TCON) Register

• TF1 bit is automatically set on the Timer 1 overflow.

Timer 1 is identical to timer 0, except for mode 3 which is a hold-count

Thus the 8051 Architecture has been studied.

1. What are the advantages of an assembly language in comparison with high

2. What is the function of HOLD and HLDA signal?

3. What is the function of TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5 interrupt?

4. What is the function of timing and control unit?

5. What is the function of SID and SOD pin?

Name of the candidate :

S.NO: MARKS SPLIT UP MAXIMUM MARKS

3. What are the advantages of an assembly language in comparison with

4. List the components of computer?

5. What is an operating system?

Out 1H data in memory

Add or subtract 1H and 1st data

Move result to memory preset by DPTR

Get data into the register

Complement the data

Move the data to pointer by DPTR

Move data into paste location