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    ch6 Folland

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    of 2

    2 MATH 605, HW 7 SOLUTIONS

    5.) If ⌫1 , ⌫2 are signed measures that both miss 1 or 1, then |⌫1 + ⌫2 |  |⌫1 | + |⌫2 |:
    Just write ⌫1 + ⌫2 = (⌫1+ + ⌫2+ ) (⌫1 + ⌫2 ) and then use the previous problem.
    8.) Show that ⌫ << µ i↵ |⌫| << µ: Problem 2 gives one direction and the other way is
    obvious.
    11.) (a) follows immediately from Corollary 3.6. To get (b), apply Corollary 3.6 to f then
    use the convergence to get some > 0 which works for all but finitely many of the fn ’s; use
    part (a) to take care of these finitely many.
    MATH 605, HW 8 SOLUTIONS

    Folland’s Real Analysis; Chapter 3:


    22.) Suppose f 2 L1 (Rn ) and ||f ||L1 6= 0. Show there exist C, R > 0 so (the maxi-
    mal
    R
    function) Hf (x) C |x| n for |x| > R: Since ||f ||L1 6= 0, we can choose R > 0 so
    BR/2 (0) |f | > ↵ > 0 for some ↵. For |x| > R, we get
    R
    |f |
    BR (0) n n
    Hf (x) = sup Ar |f |(x) A2|x| |f |(x) > ↵2 |x| /C1 .
    r>0 C1 (2|x|)n
    23.) It’s obvious that Hf  H ⇤ f since we are taking the supremum over a larger set of
    balls. To get H ⇤ f (x)  2n Hf (x): Note that if x 2 BR (y), then BR (y) ⇢ B2R (x) and the
    volume of B2R (x) is 2n times the volume of BR (y).
    24.) Suppose f 2 L1 is continuous at x; show that x 2 Lf (the Lebesgue set): Continuity
    implies that for ✏ > 0, we get > 0 so that |x y| < implies |f (x) f (y)| < ✏. Hence, if
    r < , then
    Ar |f f (x)|(x) < ✏ .
    It follows that Ar |f f (x)|(x) goes to 0 as r goes to zero; i.e., x 2 Lf .
    25.) For (a), just apply 3.22 with f = E.

    28.) Just follow the hints!


    30.) Construct an increasing function on R which is discontinuous at the rationals: First,
    P
    enumerate the rationals as q1 , q2 , . . . and define fj = 2 j [qj ,1) . Then set f = fj (this
    exists by the monotone convergence theorem). It’s easy to see that this works.
    b 0 R 0
    33.) Show that if F is increasing, then F (b) F (a) a F (t) dt: Well, we know that F
    exists a.e. and F 0 0. By L-R-N and the Lebesgue di↵erentation theorems, we know that
    Z b
    F (b) F (a) = µF ([a, b]) = ([a, b]) + F 0 (t) dt ,
    a
    where is singular. We just have to show that ([a, b]) 0. This is easy since there is a set
    A with m(A) = 0 so that ([a, b]) = ([a, b] \ A) but this implies
    ([a, b] \ A) = µF ([a, b] \ A) m([a, b] \ A) = µF ([a, b] \ A) 0.

    37.) Show that |F (x) F (y)|  M |x y| for all x, y i↵ F is a.c. and |F 0 |  M :


    (a) Theorem 3.35(c) gives the “if.”
    (b) Suppose now that |F (x) F (y)|  M |x y| for all x, y. It’s obvious that |F 0 |  M
    whenever it P
    is defined (since all di↵erence
    P
    quotients are 
    P
    M ). To see that F is a.c., just
    note that if (bj aj ) < ✏/M , then |F (bj ) F (aj )|  M (bj aj ) < ✏.

    Professor Minicozzi, Fall 2002.


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