PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IMPORTANCE OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Road System Deficient to Meet the Traffic
Demand Improper Planning Deficiencies in Road Geometrics Poor Construction and Maintenance Practices Need for Proper Planning and Management of Resources

IMPORTANCE OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Every Year Maintenance of Roads is Carried
out Pavements Fail Pre-maturely Pre Improper Design Poor Construction Practices Wrong Maintenance Practices Poor Drainage Maintenance Frequent Cutting Service Lines

PROBLEMS
Difficult to Predict the Deterioration of
Pavements

Not Possible to Design Appropriate

Maintenance Strategies

Impossible to Prepare a Pavement

Management System

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Vehicle Operation Costs Soar Due to Bad
Roads

Accidents Increase Limited Budgets Competing Demands Even small savings in VOC can Justify Very Large Investments

CHOICES
Wide Range of Options in Materials and
Design Techniques

Choice in Maintenance Techniques Public Policies like Check on Truck

Movements

Desirable Performance Levels

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Indicate the Structure Needed to

Prevent Acceptable Level of Deterioration during Design Life

Permit Prediction of the Structural

and Functional Condition Deterioration

IMPORTANCE OF PMS
What Needs to be done for a Given
Pavement? What are the Improvements Needed to Prevent Failure to Extend Pavement Life? In What Order and Where Should the Potential Projects be done? Given a Wide Range of Potential Projects which of the Projects be Taken up?

DEFINITION
Pavement Management is Concerned with Doing Right Thing at the Right Place, Using the Right Type of Material, With the Right Thicknesses, With the Right Design Details and All for the Lowest Total Cost

The Hatfield & McCoy Story

Two townships, One Destiny

GENERAL METHODOLOGY
Identify the Deficiencies of Arterial and
SubSub-Arterial Roads Condition Costs

Assess the Causes for the Poor Road Work out PMMS considering Life Cycle Plan and Develop a Maintenance
Management System

PHASE - I
Classify the Roads Based on
Functional Hierarchy

Identification of Structural and

Functional Deficiencies

Assess Maintenance Needs

PHASE - II
Analysis of Structural and Functional
Condition Evaluation

Determination of Deficiencies Work out the Least Cost Solutions

Considering Different Alternatives

Economic Analysis

PHASE - III
Consider Proposals for Execution,
Quality Control

Preparation of Data Base for PMMS Implementation & Monitoring

DATABASE

Structural Condition Data Deflection Riding Quality Unevenness in mm/km Rating Drainage Requirements Traffic Footpath and Other Requirements

APPROACH
Identify Road Stretches which are Structurally
Deficient I Stage Strengthening

Identify Road Stretches having poor surface

condition

Classification of the sections based on

structural adequacy

Road Pavement stretches with localised failures

APPROACH

..Contd.

Stretches with deficiencies with drainage

requirements Stretches with large scale damages due to road cuttings Stretches requiring improvement in footpath Combination of any of the Above

SERVICE LIFE OF OVERLAY

Depends on:
Structural Condition of the Existing Pavement Road Maintenance Policy/ Practice Drainage Traffic Climatic and Environmental Factors

FIRST STAGE IMPROVEMENT

Shift Existing service lines under the
carriageway

Provide service ducts Make profile correction Strengthen structurally inadequate pavements Resurface functionally inadequate pavements Rise the level of footpath and drains

STRENGTHENING AND RESURFACING

Priority I

Structurally weak pavements with high

deflection and high unevenness
Priority - II

Medium deflection and unevenness values

CALCULATE ROAD USER BENEFITS

Vehicle Operating Cost Savings

Fuel, Parts, Tyres, Depreciation, Etc

Travel Time Savings Reduction In Accidents Pavement Preservation

REDUCTION IN VOC DUE TO ROAD SURFACE IMPROVEMENTS ON ROADS OF DIFFERENT WIDTHS

VEHICLE TYPE VOC CONSIDERING FUEL, TYRES AND SPARES, RS. SINGLE LANE UI=8000 mm/km UI=3000 mm/km INTERMEDIATE UI=8000 mm/km UI=3000 mm/km TWO LANE UI=8000 mm/km
UI=3000 mm/km

Bus Truck MAV Jeep & Maxi Cab Car T/W A/R

5.18 6.78 15.81 3.47 3.99 1.27 2.02

4.84 6.04 14.46 2.87 2.81 0.97 1.56

5.10 5.93 14.39 3.22 2.98 1.01 1.65

4.78 5.48 13.52 2.71 2.79 0.96 1.34

3.78 4.01 11.00 2.55 2.81 0.98 1.25

3.64 3.87 10.67 2.18 2.70 0.94 1.04

PERCENTAGE SAVING IN VOC DUE TO ROAD IMPROVEMENT VIZ., UI 8000 TO 3000 MM/KM AND WIDENING OF CARRIAGEWAY
VEHICLE CLASS PERCENTAGE SAVING IN VOC DUE TO ROAD IMPROVEMENT Single, UI = 8000 Single, UI = 3000 Bus Truck MAV Maxi Cab/ Jeep Car TwoTwo-Wheeler AutoAuto-rickshaw 6.56 10.91 8.54 17.29 29.70 23.62 22.77 Single, UI = 8000 Two lane, UI = 3000 29.73 42.92 32.51 37.18 32.46 25.98 48.51

SAMPLE BENEFIT-COST BENEFITANALYSIS (Rs. Lakhs)

Yr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total TOTAL BENEFITS 82.5 Cost of Improvement Savings in VOC 427 461 498 538 582 628 3134 Savings in Travel Time 1895 1622 1555 1490 1429 1370 9361

Rs. 12, 495 lakhs

CONCEPT OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Excellent Rs. 1.00 for preventive maintenance here . . .

Condition

delays spending Rs. 4.00 to Rs. 5.00 on more extensive treatments here.

Failed Age

ANOTHER OBJECTIVE OF PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Improve the overall pavement condition of
the network
Condition

Preventive Maintenance Program

Existing Program

Age

PAVEMENT CONDITION
Pavement Condition

Preventive Maintenance

Reactive Maintenance

Time or Traffic

NETWORK ANALYSIS
Identification and ranking of candidate
pavements for improvements NetworkNetwork-level budgeting Long range budget forecasts Network level pavement condition assessments Forecast of future conditions

PROJECT LEVEL
Assessing the causes of deterioration Determining potential solutions Assessing benefits of the alternatives by
life-cycle costing life Ultimately selecting and designing the desired solutions

PRIORITY PROGRAMMING
Information on Serviceability, Distress, Pavement
Condition Data, Traffic and Environmental Data and Costs

Deterioration Models Present Needs and Future Needs Budget Constraints Priority Analysis Alternative Strategies Output Reports

NETWORK CONDITION FORECASTS

Effect of funding levels on network performance
Poor

7.0 6.0

Arterial Roads

Roughness

Sub-Arterial Roads

5.0 4.0
Other Roads

Good

3.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

EFFECT OF BUDGET LEVELS

7.0 6.0
80% Annual Budget 50%

Roughness

5.0 4.0 3.0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
100% Target

OPTIMAL BUDGET EQUIREMENTS

250 200
Rs. in m/year

150 100 50 0 2000 2001 2002 2003

Development Improvement Periodic Routine

MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT COSTS

Routine and recurrent maintenance costs
Budget MUST be sufficient otherwise rerespecify

Periodic maintenance costs

For specified alternatives

Improvement costs
For specified alternatives

DETERMINE OPTIMUM STANDARDS

Select optimum maintenance standards
for each matrix cell under specified budget constraints

Calculate total routine, recurrent and

periodic maintenance costs for each cell

Summarise total maintenance

requirements for whole network

BUDGET ALLOCATION
Routine maintenance needs based on
road lengths under each category of roads Recurrent maintenance needs based on pavement surface condition Periodic maintenance needs based on economic indicators Improvement needs based on economic indicators

HDMHDM-4 TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS

Pavements Wider range of flexible pavements Rigid pavements More maintenance types Drainage effects Freezing climates effects Road Users New vehicle types Characteristics of Modern Vehicles NonNon-motorized traffic Congestion effects Accidents Emissions & Energy consumption

THE HDM-4 MODEL HDMAnalytical tool for engineering and economic assessment of - Road investments and maintenance - Transport pricing and regulation Physical and economic relationships derived from extensive research on road deterioration, the effects of maintenance activities, and vehicle operation and user costs

ROAD AGENCY ALTERNATIVES

Standards / Alternatives Policies / Strategies Norms / Options 4 cm overlay every 8 years 6 cm overlay every 15 years reseal the road and postpone the overlay reconstruct the road when IRI = 10 do nothing

- grading every 180 days - upgrade unpaved road to a paved standard

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES
Economic evaluation Technical evaluation Institutional evaluation Financial evaluation Commercial evaluation Social evaluation Environmental evaluation

ROAD USER COSTS MODEL

Road Geometry, Condition Driver, Traffic Flow

Vehicle Characteristics
SPEED

Fuel & Lubricants Tyre Maintenance Parts & Labor Crew Time Depreciation & Interest Passenger & cargo time

CONSUMPTION

PAVED ROAD DETERIORATION MODEL

Moisture, Temperature Aging Pavement Materials, Thickness Cracking Ravelling Potholing Rutting Roughness Traffic, Loading

VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS

2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2 6 9 13 16 20

VOC per vehicle-km

Roughness (IRI)
Car Truck Articulated Truck

50 veh/day 300 veh/day

COSTSCOSTS-SHARES UNDER OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE

5000 veh/day
User Costs

User Costs User Costs

Agency Costs Agency Costs

Agency Costs

PRIMARY FEATURES OF HDM-4 HDM Simulates deterioration and maintenance

of paved and unpaved roads, in physical condition and quantities, for strategies defined by the user

Simulates road user costs (speeds

and consumption of physical components)

Determines time-streams of road agency, timeroad user costs, and net benefits

Computes economic indicators

IMPORTANT USES OF HDM-4 HDMPlanning and Programming Analytical support to justify funding Forecasting financial and physical needs for preserving road network Technical Applications Optimal maintenance strategies Economic thresholds for road improvements Tradeoffs between design and maintenance standards or options Simulating type and extent of deterioration Economic Applications Road use cost and damage attribution, in road transport pricing and taxation (user charges, fuel tax, etc.) Optimal axle loading and configuration Fleet modernization

COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES
Evaluation Period = 20 years Discount rate = 12.00 %
Internal Construction Road Net Rate of Length Maintenance User Total Present Return (km) Alt Costs Costs Costs Value (%) 100.0 BASE PROJ 2.71 9.28 26.7 17.0 29.4 26.2

3.2

17.1

Is the project economically justified?

MAINTENANCE NEEDS FORECASTING

- Routine Maintenance Reconstruction when IRI > 11.0 - Routine Maintenance Patching 100% of potholes Reconstruction when IRI > 11.0

A Paved Road in Good Condition

- Routine Maintenance Patching 100% of potholes 12 mm Resealing when damage is > 30% Reconstruction when IRI > 11.0 - Routine Maintenance Patching 100% of potholes 4 cm overlay when IRI is > 4.0 - Routine Maintenance Patching 100% of potholes 8 cm overlay when IRI is > 4.0

ROUGHNESS PROGRESSION
14 Roughness (IRI m/km) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 Year 15 20 25
BASE P100 RE30 OS40 OD40

NETWORK PROGRAM FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION

- What are the resources needed to maintain the network? - How should the agency allocate the resources needed for an optimal maintenance program? - What maintenance program should be implemented in case of budgetary constraints?

A Road Network

BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS
A.C. G L M H F P

A Road Network
Resource Constraints
Strategy without Budget Constraint

Optimal Strategy under Budgetary Constraints

Optimizatio n Module

ROLE OF HDM-4 IN ROAD MANAGEMENT HDMINPUTS

Road Inventory Road Condition
HDM4

OUTPUTS
Long Term Strategic Road Plan Multi -Year Rolling Work Program Detailed Project Level Appraisal Policies Standards Research Design

Traffic Data Bridges Inventory Bridges Condition

DATABASES

HDM-4

APPLICATIONS OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Understanding Network Extent and Usage Analysing Current Network Condition Analysing Network Historical Condition Analysing Funding Options Decision Making and Marketing Interaction Between Top Management and Politicians

APPLICATIONS OF PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Interaction Between Public, Legislators and
Top Management

Developing Single and Multi-year Programs Multi Establishing Treatment Selection

Methodologies Materials

Applications in Construction, Design and Applications in Maintenance Applications in Research

Thank You