Trang 98-100

Reading 2 : Read the following passage and choose the best answer. (10 points)
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow
evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of
centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness
communities and developed to mature urbanism's in little more than a century.
In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what
are now New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence
valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest England and France, particularly England,
from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported.
Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could
be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials
prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and as the colonies grew,
these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather
than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and
the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The
plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a
wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of
plantation land was the desire to have it front on a water highway.
When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000
inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 100,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over
one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning and weaving industries, that
cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil
War (1861-1865).
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe
B. The evolution of cities in North America
C. Trade between North American and European cities
D. The effects of the United States' independence on urban growth in New England
2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to
A. North American colonies
B. Cities
C. Centuries
D. Town economies
3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of following?
A. Their economic success
B. The type of merchandise they exported
C. Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements
D. The pace of their development
4. The word "accordingly" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
A. as usual
B. in contrast
C. to some degree
D. for that reason
5. According to the passage, early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America
due to
A. an abundance of natural resources
B. financial support from colonial governments
C. proximity to parts of Europe
D. a favorable climate
6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following
for shipment to Europe?
A. Manufacturing equipment
B. Capital goods
C. Consumer goods
D. Raw materials
7. According to the passage, all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of
southern cities EXCEPT the:
A. location of the plantations
B. access of plantation owners to shipping
C. relationships between plantation residents and city residents
D. economic self-sufficiency of the plantations
8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern cities were
A. more prosperous
B. Smaller
C. less economically self-sufficient
D. tied less closely to England than to France
9. The word "recorded" in line 27 is closest in meaning to
A. imagined
B. discovered
C. documented
D. planned
10. The word "drawing" in line 29 is closest in meaning to
A. attracting
B. employing
C. instructing
D. representing
Part 6: GUIDED CLOZE TEXT Guided-cloze text 1 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or
D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. TOURISM
Around 200 million people are (1)________ in tourism worldwide, making it the largest industry in the modern
global economy. It is estimated that three-quarters of a billion people go on holiday each year, and industry
planners (2)________ this figure to double by 2020. Some of the biggest beneficiaries are less developed
countries, where it is often their main (3)________ of income. (4)________, along with the economic benefits,
this mass movement of people has resulted in threats to the environment. People often forget the damage caused
by carbon emissions from aircraft, which (5)________ directly to global warming. Deforestation has cleared
(6)________ in order to build hotels, airports and roads, and this has destroyed wildlife. In some areas, water
shortages are now common because of the need to fill swimming pools and water golf courses for tourists. By
pushing up prices for goods and services, tourism can also be harmful to people living in tourist destinations.
In response to these (7)________, some travel operators now offer environment-friendly holidays. Many of
these aim to reduce the negative effects of tourism by (8)________ only hotels that have (9)________ in
equipment to recycle waste and use energy and water efficiently. Increasingly, tourists are also being reminded
to show (10)________ for customs of the people whose countries they are going to visit, and to support local
businesses, such as restaurants and shops which depend on tourism for their main income.
1. A. put out B. brought round C. taken on D. turned over
2.A. hope B. believe C. expect D. think
3. A. source B. resource C. origin D. wealth
4.A. Therefore B. Although C. Furthermore D. However
5.A. cause B. contribute C. add D. distribute
6.A. place B. land C. space D. earth
7.A. concerns B. attractions C. business D. opposition
8.A. supporting B. executing C. expanding D. promoting
9.A. chosen B. bought C. invested D. installed
 10.A. admiration B. respect C. understanding D. attention
Guided-cloze text 2 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 1 to 10.A FUTURE IN THE DARK
For many of us, we are working, travelling, and shopping in hours that used to be _____(1) for relaxation and
sleep. But according to the results of test being_____(2)by scientists, we are no longer getting enough darkness
in our lives. In fact, (3)_____shows that a growing number of health and environmental problems are due to a
loss of darkness.
Life has evolved with a day/night circle. People who go (4)_____this day/night rhythm will notice an adverse
impact on their immune systems, and that’s not a good sign. We are (5)_____ a conflict between what our mind
wants, and what our internal body clock prepares us for. Some experts explain that our biological clock is
similar to the conductor of an orchestra, with the multiple rhythms of the body (6)_____ the various orchestra
sections.
The body clock is (7)_____ on the light/dark cycle and it governs us for every (8)_____ of activity and rest in
our lives. It ensures that all our various internal systems are working together – this is its sole (9)_____.
By moving to 24- hour living, and not taking into (10) ______ the dark side, we will effectively be throwing
away the advantages of evolution whether we care to admit or not.
1. A. conserved B. reserved C. upheld D. defended
2. A. carried up B. carried through C. carried out D. carried off
3. A. discovery B. display C. research D. foundation
4. A. down B. without C. through D. behind
5. A. considering B. contributing C. giving D. creating
6. A. describing B. corresponding C. expressing D. representing
7. A. founded B. based C. decided D. established
8. A. prospect B. attitude C. position D. type
9. A. reason B. purpose C. project D. desire
10. A. interest B. importance C. detail D. account
B. WRITING
Part 1: OPEN CLOZE TEXT Reading Open cloze test 1 Read the following passage and choose the best option
to fill in the gap.
Nowadays, teenagers have (1) ______far___ more money and expensive possessions than their parents ever
did. Articles like radios and bicycles, which cost a fortune a (2) ___few______ decades ago, are now mass-
produced and cheap. And items that nobody even dreamed of possessing twenty years ago, such as mobile
phones and computers, are now in common places. Teenagers are definitely better off financially. (3)
_____However____, life is not easy for them. There is much more to worry about than there was in the past.
Jobs are not as secure (4) _____as____ they used to be and teenagers can no (5) _____longer____ be confident
that the world will always be peaceful and free of pollution.
Teenagers drive their parents crazy (6) ____in_____ many ways. Some of them spray their hair with amazing
color, while others wear clothes that shock their parents. They all want (7) ___their______ own stereos, mobile
phones and televisions. But these young people are not really behaving differently from how their parents
behaved when they were young. Many of today's parents and grandparents will laugh when they (8)
__remember_______ crazy fashions they wore. Those adults, who are parents now, fought with their own
parents about clothes and lifestyles. (9) At_________ teenagers have fought with their parents (10)
___from______ time began and no doubt they will always….
Reading Open cloze test 2 Read the passage carefully , then fill in the blank a suitable word.
The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) ___but_______ little, and continue on their settled way
happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David Horabin won a million. He had been struggling to (2)
___make______ a success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted his cheque in a small
ceremony (3) ___at_____ the premises at 2.30, and by three o'clock he had reopened for business. The reaction
of Mr. Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4) ___similar______.
He was unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5) ____usual_______ on the day he won.
He also said that if the money made him (6) ___unhappy_____ he would give it back. In fact, the chances of
his life being made a misery by his new-found wealth are almost (7) _____as____ slim though not quite as the
sixty million-to-one odds he beat to take a jackpot (8)_____that___ had remained unclaimed through six
previous draws. Gambling small amounts (9) ___on_______ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10)
____However__, gambling can become an addiction, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially
acceptable.
Part 2: Word form (20ms) A. Supply the correct form of the word in bracket (10ms)
1. The students are __qualitavely (adj): Về mặt chất lượng___ seperated into 3 differnt classes. (QUALIFY)
2. Their trouble is _self-inflicting (adj): Tự đặt cho mìng____. They themselves made the situation worse.
(INFLICT)
3. Viet Nam went through _decolonisation (n): Phi thực dân hóa__ process and became an independent
country. (COLONY)
4. Ivan’s camera now ___malfunctions (n): Hỏng hóc__ because he carelessly dropped it into the pool.
(FUNCTION)
5. His recent unpredictable mood __estranges (v): Làm xa lạ____ him from his friends. (STRANGE)
6. Every book has a __foreword (n): Lời nói đầu__ including what the authors say about their masterpiece.
(WORD)
7. Taking that old lady for a ride is __unconscionable (adj); Không thể chấp nhận_____. (CONSCIENCE)
8. The opponents of nuclear power may object to the scheme for some _undermentioned (adj): Chưa được
nhắc tới_reasons. (MENTION)
9. Some people argue that money has ____debased (v): Tệ đi___ football. (BASE)
10. A(n) __prearranged (adj): Sắp xếp trc_____ schedule assists me in passing the day smoothly.
(ARRANGE)
B. Choose the right words provided in the box, then use the most suitable forms of the words to fill in the
numbered blanks
APPLY FAIL RESIST MODIFY SUSTAIN
PROSPEROUS EAT MINIMAL URBAN NUTRIENT
Fears of Future Global Hunger
A recent report has warned of global food shortages unless the current system of farming and food distribution
is changed. The report highlights fears that currently rapid increases in yields come at the expense of
(1)... sustainability (n): Sự bền vững....... , and that unless action is taken, hunger and (2)...malnutrion (n): Sự
thiếu dinh dưỡng.......... will become growing problems. The population is expected to rise to around 8.3
billion in the next twenty years, and (3).....urbanisation (n): Thành thị hóa....... is set to continue, and it is
expected that 65-70% of the world’s population will live in cities. Increasing world (4).......prosperity (n): Sự
phát đạt................. will lead to the rise in demand for energy, food and fresh water. The report also considers
the billion people worldwide who (5)..............overeat (v): Ăn quá nhiều........ and are therefore obese to be
another example of the (6)....failure (n): Sự thất bại.............. of the current system to provide health and well-
being to the world’s population. The authors believe that the (7).........application..... of new technologies can
play a role in (8).......minimising (v): Giảm đi............. future food shortages. They see cloning,
nanotechnology and genetic(9).....modification (n): Sự điều chỉnh............ as potential solutions. However,
although many of these technologies have been adopted worldwide, there is still (10)............resistance (n): Sự
kháng cự..... to their use in parts of Europe.
Part 3. Identify 10 errors in the following passag and correct them
Anyone taking the trouble to look ward on a clear moonlit night cannot fail to be moved by the sight of our
sister planet hanging up there in the sky like a silver ball casting ghosted shadows on the Earth below. Few
animatedly objects can have had such an influence over religion and the arts. And never is the Moon's visual
impact more impress than when it is full and just above the distant horizon.
Under these conditions, the apparent proximate of the lunar disc to familiar terra objects makes the Moon
appear to be very much larger and closer than normal. But the fact that our aid eyes still cannot discern more
than just a few dark blotches on its surface demonstrates that this effect must indeed be just an optical illusion.
The light from the Moon cannot really become magnified as it passes at a graze angle through our atmosphere.
But why should the Moon be an object worthy of scientist study at all? Why cannot we be content just to gaze
up at it in awe rather than attempt to probe its inner secrets? Some would say that the study of the Moon,
particularly during the last ten years or so, has destroyed any precious illusions about the Moon that we might
have held and given us very little in return. But this would be a very shortsighted view.
Part 4: Transformation (20ms) Finish each of the following sentenses in such a way that it means exactly the
same as the sentence printed before it
1. Immediately after his arrival home a water-heater exploded.
→Hardly …… had he arrived home when a water-heater exploded.……………
2. Rita doesn’t realize how serious her husband’s operation is going to be.
→Little does Rita realize how serious her husband’s operation is going to be. ………………
3. A waiter spilled soup over Lydia’s new dress last night.
→Lydia ……………had some soup spilled over her new dress by a waiter last night.………………
4. Jane’s husband will be returning from South America quite soon.
→It won’t ………be long after Jane’s husband returns from S.A.………………
5. Martin may not be very well but she still manages to enjoy life.
→Martin’s poor …health doesn't stop him from enjoying life.…………
6. He began by giving us a summary of his progress so far. (OUTSET: Mở đầu)
→…………At the outset, he gave us a summary of his progress so far
7. I think we ought to permit him to do whatever he chooses. (HAND) Giúp 1 tay
→ I think we should ……………give him a free hand.……………………………….
8. Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed. (LEAF)
→ You have to turn over ………………………………………………………………
9. I resent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me. (NOSE)
→ I resent the way that …………………………………………………………………
10. After two hours the bride had still not arrived. (SIGN)
→ After two hours ……………………………………………………………………….