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Cambridge IGCSE

FIRST LANGUAGE ENGLISH 0500/11

Paper 1 Reading October/November 2020
INSERT 2 hours

INFORMATION
• This insert contains the reading texts.
*7537208008-I*

• You may annotate this insert and use the blank spaces for planning. Do not write your answers on the
insert.

This document has 8 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

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Read Text A, and then answer Questions 1(a)–1(e) on the question paper.

Text A: The city of the lost giants

This text is about a mysterious ancient city in Ecuador that appears once to have been occupied
by giants.

Ecuadorian legends tell of an ancient city of giants. As a matter of fact, tribes from all
over the Amazonian basin recollect the existence of an ancient race of giants that
inhabited thriving cities long before ‘regular-sized’ humans arrived in the area.

Locals talk about the prehistoric stone city with a mixture of fear and respect. The reason
behind their attitude becomes clear when you first view the ancient structures on site. 5

The largest structure is an 80-metres-tall by 80-metres-wide pyramid with an inclination

too high to be natural. It was built using hundreds of huge boulders, each one weighing
approximately 2 tonnes. Furthermore, bones much larger than those of an
average-sized human were discovered in nearby caves. The most interesting discovery,
however, came in the form of tools. Oversized and ancient, they litter the forest floor. 10
Their purpose is unknown but it is suspected that they were used in metalworking. One
thing is certain, though: their size would have made it very difficult for a normal-sized
human to wield them.

This evidence has been wilfully ignored by the authorities. In 2013, the Ecuadorian
Ministry of Culture sent one of their teams to briefly inspect the pyramid. They saw the 15
regular size of the blocks, yet still concluded that it was nothing more than a natural
formation. Researchers at the ancient city disagree and point to the precision with which
the blocks were cut and then assembled as proof of their artificial origin.

Furthermore, several other interesting large ‘mounds’ wait to be excavated. Although

embedded in mud and covered by dense vegetation, their shape suggests pyramids 20
may be buried beneath them. This excites researchers, often very eager to believe
stories that, in other parts of the world, such complexes are built around a central
pyramid where a leader is buried.

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Read Text B, and then answer Question 1(f) on the question paper.

Text B: The Crooked Forest

In this text, the writer describes his visit to the Crooked Forest in Western Poland. The Crooked
Forest consists of approximately 400 pine trees that grow in an unusual way outwards from their
base. The writer is very interested in how they are formed.

My visit to the Crooked Forest took me by train to the station of Dolna Odra. I say station
and not town, because I really felt like I was in the middle of nowhere, with no people
about and just a small gravel road heading off towards the forest. I wandered down this
rough track, contemplating the popular idea that the deformation of these trees had
resulted during the invasion of Poland in the Second World War. 5

Arriving at the location, I had mixed reactions. While the trees were definitely as warped
as I had expected, the grove they occupied was small and sparse and, furthermore,
surrounded by perfectly straight pine trees on all sides. Perplexed, I dismissed my
compelling image of heavy enemy tanks ploughing through the midst of a huge forest,
flattening young saplings in all directions, and decided to take photographs instead. 10

The small group of pot-bellied stick figures posed jauntily for my camera lens. At their
bases, they extended outwards anything from three to nine feet and then their trunks
grew perfectly erect. It did seem highly unlikely that the trauma of being run over by
ridiculously heavy tanks would result in the odd yet uniform curvature, if the young trees
survived at all. 15

Some kind of genetic mutation maybe? I remembered reading about a plant specialist
who discovered a group of aspen trees in Canada that had become gnarled and twirly
as a consequence of genetic malfunction. But the whole tree had been affected in these
cases.

Back at the hotel, locals had been quite voluble in their theories. Talk of alien or 20
supernatural activity led to anecdotes about ‘sightings’, designed presumably to fool
gullible visitors. Meanwhile, the hotel manager eagerly hypothesised that fluctuations
in gravitational forces or a unique gravitational pull in the area could be responsible.
As I contemplated the cartoon images of squat misshapen trees on my hotel room walls,
it seemed to me that the manager’s words ignored basic laws of physics – that gravity 25
pulls downwards not sideways.

Sitting now on one of the very solid horizontal lower trunks and contemplating the
white-coated landscape surrounding me on this early spring morning, I wondered too
about the effects of heavy snowfall. Still I observed the vast number of perfectly vertical
pines forming a neat and protective circle around me. Were the curves in these trees 30
man-made then? I’d heard how people sculpted trees into furniture, knots or baskets,
like the ‘circus trees’ at Gilroy Gardens in California. American Indians also bent marker
trees into symbols they used to navigate and communicate in the forest.

But these trees are often found solo, and not necessarily in Europe ...

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Read Text C, and then answer Questions 2(a)–2(d) and Question 3 on the question paper.

Text C: Lost mining city

For centuries stories had been passed down about an ancient city in a very remote part of Brazil,
the inhabitants of which mined vast quantities of gold, silver and precious stones from the surrounding
mountains. An adventurer called Raposo took a team on a long expedition across rough terrain to
find the ancient city. This is an account of the final stage of their journey.

The party was travelling again, tired of this seemingly endless wandering, and
disheartened by their failure so far to locate the lost mines or evidence of ancient
civilisation. Raposo worked hard to keep their spirits high, but many of his companions
had long decided that no such places existed. They had come through swamps and
bush country, stumbling and complaining, and now a range of jagged mountains showed 5
up ahead, beyond a grassy plain broken by thin belts of green forest.

These were no ordinary mountains. As the party came nearer, the sides lit up in flame,
for it had been raining and the setting sun was reflected from wet rocks rich in colour
and light. To the onlooking explorers they seemed to be studded with gems. Streams
leaped from rock to rock and, over the crest of the ridge, a rainbow beckoned. 10

‘An omen!’ cried Raposo. ‘See! Our destination is just on the other side. We will be
rich!’ However, night had fallen, forcing them to camp before they could reach the foot
of the immense mountain range.

Next morning, when the sun came up from behind them, the crags appeared black and
menacing. To the eyes of many their height was vast, and when the party reached them 15
it was to find sheer, unscalable precipices. All day they struggled over boulders and
crevices, seeking a way up those glossy sides.

Eventually, judging that weariness was overwhelming his party, Raposo called a halt.
‘We’d better return to our old trail and try to go northwards and around these mountains.’

‘Camp!’ was the wail. ‘Let’s camp. We’ve had enough for one day. Tomorrow we can 20
return to the trail.’

‘Very well,’ answered the leader, and then to two adventurers, ‘You, Jose and Manoel,
off you go to find wood for the fire!’ Jose glanced at Manoel in disbelief at their misfortune
before nodding briefly, and reluctantly followed Manoel into the darkness.

Camp was pitched and the party was resting, when confused shouting and crashing in 25
the bush brought them to their feet. Manoel burst into view. ‘We’ve found it!’ Manoel
cried. ‘We’ve found the way up!’ Jose appeared behind him, his face like stone.

Searching for firewood in the scrub, they had seen a dead tree at the edge of a small
wooded creek. This was the best fuel to be had, and they were making their way towards
it, when a deer sprang up on the other side of the creek and disappeared beyond a 30
corner of the cliff. Surprised at its agility and how quickly it had vanished, Manoel
followed, and came to a deep cleft in the face of the precipice. He saw that it was
possible to climb through it to the summit. Firewood was forgotten in his excitement.

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Raposo cajoled the weary adventurers, and soon, packs shouldered, they set off with
Raposo and Manoel leading. Jose dropped behind, muttering to others who wore similar 35
mutinous expressions.

The group entered the crevice in single file to find that it widened inside. Raposo
exclaimed in wonder at traces of old man-made paving. In places, the sheer walls of
the cleft seemed to bear the almost obliterated marks of tools. Clusters of rock crystals
and frothy masses of quartz gave the wide-eyed leader the feeling of having entered 40
a fairyland, and, in the dim light filtering down through the tangled mass of creepers
overhead, his anticipation of a wondrous citadel on the other side was palpable.

The climb was so difficult that three hours passed before the group emerged breathless
on a ledge above the surrounding plain. There, Raposo picked up an abandoned axe
head and gazed outwards, as if he was lost in a dream. Ahead of them lay the broken 45
remains of a human settlement.

Raposo spun round on his feet and stared in disbelief at the other men.

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