1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Education is an attempt to humanize human beings, education means

supporting people to increase their human potential, due to that, human

beings cannot be separated from their environment, that is why human

beings are carefully associated with the environment and the motive of the device

method in training itself is to maximize the success of the goals hthat have

been set.1

Online learning, or a type of distance education, has long been part of the

American education system and has grown into the largest sector of distance

learning in recent years.2 Online learning is the process of answering a series of

questions knowing (perhaps partially) the correct answers to previous questions

and possibly more information.3 In Indonesia, this is the first time using online

learning in whole aspects of education like today. There are many obsticles that

makes online learning Indonesia cannot be implemented, for example Indonesia is

a wide-scale country which dominated by a huge rainforest such as Borneo,

Papua, and also Sumatera. It is hard to connect the internet around this area.

1
Ratih Elvikha Yualasri,”KonsepSebagaiSuatuSistemdanKomponenSistemPendidikan”,
file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/artikel%20ddip%20ratih%20elvikha%20y-dikonversi.pdf (diakses pada 21
Juni 2021, pukul 10.00) p. 2
2
Tuan Nguyen, The Effectiveness of Online Learning : Beyond No Significant Difference and Future
Horizons, MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Vol.11 No.2, 2015, p.309
3
Shai Shalev, Online Learning and Online Convex Optimization, Machine Learning Vol.4 No.2, 2011, p.108
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Online learning is a relatively new learning method for Indonesian

teachers and also students to learn by using internet. Therefore, many of them will

be confused when they were forced by the conditions to do this online learning. It

is different between face-to-face learning with online learning that would puzzle

them. The most important factors for online learning process and solutios are

practice and interaction.4 This is where sharing 'best practices' and 'lessons

learned' among members of the higher education community can assist academic

teachers in focusing on successful applications of technology while avoiding

excessive duplication of labor and expenditure .5

With the help of online teaching modes, we can teach a large number of

learners at all time and in any region of the world.6 More advantages of online

learning is that we can learn from many sources from around the world. There are

several positive outcomes of the online learning, such as online learning can

significantly improved learning, students engagement and improved perception of

learning and a reduction in failure .7

Nowadays, curriculum 2013 is being used in Indonesia. According to the

Indonesian government regulation number 32 in 2013, the Ministry of education

and culture has launched a new curriculum to be implemented at schools, known

as the 2013 Curriculum. This 2013 Curriculum has actually gone through some
4
Signe Schack, The Effectiveness of E-Learning: An Explorative and Integrative Review of The Difinitions,
Methodologies and Factors that Promote E-Learning Effectiveness, Electronic Journal of e-Learning Vol.13
No.4, 2015, p.286
5
Jenna Gillet-Swan, The Challenges of Online Learning: Supporting and Engaging The Issolated Learner,
Journal of Learning Design, Vol.10 No.1, 2017, p.22
6
Shivangi Dhawan, Online Learning : A Panacea in The Time of COVID-19 Cricis, Journal of Educational
Technology Systems ,Vol.49 No.1, 2020, p.7
7
Tuan Nguyen, The Effectiveness of Online Learning : Beyond No Significant Difference and Future
Horizons, MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching Vol.11 No.2, 2015, p.310
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gradual changes to reach its fullest function. The latest revised version of the 2013

Curriculum was launched in 2017.

In normal condition, teacher still have to face several obstacles in the class

especially in teaching and learning English. Different methods have been

implemented by the teacher in the class to teach English such as articulation,

where the teacher must explain the material before the students can understand it.

While in online learning, the teacher cannot explain the material properly due to

the time and other problems. This is one of the obstacles that teacher can find it

while teaching in such a circumstance. Not only the teacher, students and the

school itself could find several obstacles in this new teaching and learning

method. Beside these disadvantages of online learning, there are also many

advantages behind this online teaching and learning. Teachers were required to be

creative and innovative by using various kinds of media like Power Point, Video

Maker and others. This is to support the implementation of online learning during

pandemic period in a period of time that has not been determined when it will end.

Thus, the development of children's learning depends on whether the

process of teaching and learning activities (KBM) is well or not delivered by the

teacher. The development of children's learning at home during a pandemic

Covid-19 will tend to be different from the development of learning in schools so

that the teacher as a facilitator must have various innovations, provide motivation

for students in carrying out learning activities teaching (KBM).

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Program Sekolah Penggerak is an effort to accomplish the objective of

Indonesian Education by creating Pancasila Students in order to actualize an

advanced Indonesia that is democratic, independent, and has personality. 8 The

Motivating School Program focuses on developing student learning outcomes

holistically which includes competencies (literacy and numeracy) and character,

starting with superior human resources (principals and teachers).

Sekolah Penggerak is a school that focuses on comprehensively

developing student learning outcomes by implementing the Pancasila Student

Profile, which combines cognitive (literacy and numeracy) and non-cognitive

(character) competencies starting with excellent human resources (principals and

teachers). Sekolah Penggerak principals and instructors have an impact on other

educational institutions.9 The technology platform aims to support implementation

of educational policies that will be applied at the motivating school in the learning

process, teacher competency development, and resource management school

power.

The technology platform will consist of:

- Teacher Platform: Learning

- Teacher Platform: Teacher Profile & Competency Development

- School Resource Platform

- Education Report Dashboard

8
Kemendikbud,” ProgramSekolahPenggerak”,
https://sekolah.penggerak.kemdikbud.go.id/programsekolahpenggerak/, (diakses pada 21 Juni 2021, pukul
20:00)
9
Kemendikbud, Program Sekolah Penggerak, 2021 p.2
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The Principal and School Supervisor will receive training and assistance

related to self and school community development sustainable, learning

leadership, school management and development, and how to use digital

platforms. Teachers and other personnel will be trained in self- and career

development, professional learning practices, and the use of digital platforms.10

Schools that want to join this motivating school program are required to

take several test for the principles. In Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota itself, there are

2 senior high schools passed the test, SMAN 1 Kecamatan Akabiluru and SMAN

1 Suliki.

SMAN 1 Kecamatan Akabiluru or SMAN 1 Piladang Kecamatan

Akabiluru located at Jalan Pendidikan No 11, Piladang. It is 8,3 km from

Paykumbuh central market and 18,4 km from the capital city of Kabupaten Lima

Puluh Kota, Tanjung Pati. There are 48 teachers with 503 students as stated in

Data Pokok Pendidikan site by April 21st 2021.11

The main problem of this thesis is, how did the teacher conduct English

online learning at SMAN 1 Akabiluru. Based on the description of the problem

above, the writer is interested in taking it as research title “The Implementation of

English Online Learning at Senior High School 1 Kecamatan Akabiluru, Lima

Puluh Kota District”.

B. Focus of The Research

10
Kemendikbud, Program Sekolah Penggerak,2021, p2
11
Kemendikbud, “Data Pokok Pendidikan”, 2021
https://dapo.kemdikbud.go.id/sekolah/AB3F035D35AA2A89F24D, (diakses pada 20 Juni 2021, pukul 21:00)
 6

This research is focusing on what policy that the head master applied

during this online learning. How SMAN 1 Kecamatan Akabiluru implements the

english online learning, policy, approach, method and also media at eleventh

grade and component of education that is used by the teacher and how the

students think about the implementation of the online learning especially in

English Subject. Also obstecles that the teachers are faced during online learning

and how the teacher solved that.

C. Research Formulation

Based on the explanations above, the researcher decides several problems

in this study, those are:

1. What is the online learning policy at SMAN 1 Akabiluru?

2. How is the implementation of online learning especially in English subject in

terms of human resources, teaching materials, and infrastructure?

3. What are the obstacles faced in implementing online learning especially in

English subject in SMAN 1 Akabiluru ?

4. How to overcome obstacles in implementing online learning in SMAN 1

Akabiluru ?

D. Purpose of The Research

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Considering the formulation and the background of the study, purposes of

this research are:

1. To find out the online learning policy at SMAN 1 Akabiluru

2. To find out how the implementation of online learning especially in English

subject in terms of human resources, teaching materials, and infrastructure

3. To find out the obstacles faced in implementing online learning especially in

English subject in SMAN 1 Akabiluru

4. To find out how to overcome obstacles in implementing online learning in

SMAN 1 Akabiluru

E. Significance of The Research

The researcher expects the research gives some benefits for several things

such as the researcher, English teacher, College/University/ English lecturer, and

the learners. Here the benefit of the research follows as:

1. Theoretical Benefits

Theoretically, this research is expected to be significance as an input in

English teaching-learning process. Besides, this research will give a profitable

description for any further researcher who wants to study the same case. This

study becomes a helpful information and useful reference to the next study.

2. Practical Benefits
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a. For the English Teacher

1) As input that can be used in management implementation of English

online learning especially at the senior high school level.

2) Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, so that

there are improvements so that learning runs better.

3) Knowing improvements in several areas for learning online is doing

well

b. For Schools

As input for schools based on results obtained by researchers during

research, in order to develop implementation of online English learning at SMAN

1 Kecamatan Akabiluru.

c. For Researchers

Become a reference for further research. Next, the researcher can make

improvements for this research and provide benefits in the world of education.

F. Definition of Key Terms

There are some terms in this study that should be clarified in order to

avoid misunderstanding about the variables related to this study. Those terms are:

1. Online Learning
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Carliner defines online learning as learning materials, which is presented

by using the computer.12 That means that online learning needs an electronic tool

such as computer or others to support it. When it comes to technology, Orlando

and Attard in Jenna, stated that teaching using technology is not a one-size-fits-all

method because it is dependent on the technology in use at the moment as well as

the curricular subject being taught.13

2. Implementation

Implementation is defined as a predetermined set of activities designed to

put into action a known activity or program..14 Implementing a process entails

installing new operating procedures to conduct training workshops, provide

surveillance, and change reporting and monitoring forms, among other things.15

Based on the definition above, implementation means activity or action

that has been planned to achieve the goal.

3. English Teaching and Learning

In learning English, textbook is one of the tools that can help learners to

understand the material easily. Brown, in Majid, textbooks are used by teachers as

a tool to achieve their goals or objectives, rather than as the primary means of

instruction.16 In case to have a good English Language skills, in the formal

12
Terry Anderson, The Theory and Practice of Online Learning, (Canada : AU Press, 2011), p.17
13
Jenna Gillet-Swan, The Challenges of Online Learning: Supporting and Engaging The Issolated Learner,
Journal of Learning Design, Vol.10 No.1, 2017, p.21
14
Dien L. Fixsen, et al. Implementation Research : A Synthesis of the Literature. (Florida: FMHI
Publication, 2005) .p.5
15
Ibid p.6
16
Majid and Ali, Textbook Selection, Evaluation and Adaptation Procedures, International Journal of
Language Learning and Applied Linguistic World Vol. 6 No. 1, 2014, p.524
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education, students are equipped with a set of term of textbook as their reference

or guide for what extent they have to learn.

4. Component of Education

Muhammad Fata stated that there are three components in an educational

institution that are closely related and should be sensitive to educational

institutions17 :

a. Teacher

Teacher is an important role in teaching and learning process. As the

provider, teacher provide everything that the students need during learning such as

material, understand and intentions. A good teacher also educate students not only

about the material but also about life. Having a huge responsibility on their back

means that teacher is not an easy job.

In normal circumtance, teacher will be the main subject of the process. It can

be said that students can not understand the material without teacher explaining it.

While in online learning, it is hard to get the explanation from teacher since they

can not do the teaching and learning process face-to-face as normal day. It means

that teachers’ task will be more challenging. Their job is to makesure their

students understand the material even when they can not teach them directly.

b. Students

17
Muhammad Fata, Tiga Komponen Pendidikan, https://disdikbudacehbesar.org/2019/07/15/opini-tiga-
komponen-pendidikan-oleh-fata-muhammad-s-pd-i-mm, (diakses pada 21 Juni 2021, pukul 21:21)
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Students are objects of education, and numerous policies are enacted in order

to change and develop them. The goal of education is to educate students' lives in

accordance with the law and Islamic principles. ''Each child of the sons of Adam

who is born carries its own potential''. The hadith indicates that every kid born on

Earth has potential, but he must investigate, practice, and test it in order for that

potential to be realized.

c. Community or Environment

This third component is almost invisible in its significance in the world of

education, yet it plays a significant part in the world of education. Families,

relatives, and neighbors are also members of the community, albeit they are

typically unconcerned about educating their siblings who do not acquire an

education, for example.

Family members thinks that when children go to school, they lose their

responsibility, as if the responsibility is the full responsibility of a teacher. And so

does a teacher, when students say goodbye to go home as if they are free from

their responsibilities as educators to educate.

A mother educates her child at home by reading and giving advice under

the supervision of the household, and a teacher educates students in formal

education with science and technology and role models, while the rest of the

people participate in paying attention, evaluating, and providing moral support for

the ongoing learning process.