Rizal’s Life and Works Reviewer

LESSON 3 Powerpoint Presentation

JOSE RIZAL FACTS

● Racial Identity
○ Mestizo de Sangley or Chinese Mestizo
○ Born in a line of Chinese,Japanese, and Spanish.
○ He chose none of those to represent himself.
● Interview about Jose Rizal Video
○ Prof. Xiao Chua, Father Jose Arcilla, Sir Lucien Spittael
■ Jose is bookish
○ Love Life
1. Segunda Katigbak - At the age of 16 Rizal fell in love with
Segunda Katigbak, a 14 years old Batangeño but Segunda is
already engaged.
2. Leonor Valenzuela - Pinagsabay nya kay Rivera sa panliligaw.
3. Leonor Rivera - First TRUE Love of Rizal. Got married to
Charles Henry Kipping. Died due to matinding kalungkutan
4. Consuelo Ortiga(Spanish)
5. O sei San (Japan) - One month love Affair
6. Gertrude Beckett(Britain) - Niligawan ni Rizal
7. Nellie Bousted - Love triangle with Antonio Luna
8. Suzzane Jacoby
9. Josephine Bracken - Theory, they had a premature baby named
Francisco, but died.
○ Chismis, baka nagpakasal yung dalawa, so ang kalabasan
is binawi nya ang matagal niyang pinaglalaban against
sa mga prayle. Ayon sa mga prayle pumirma si rizal sa
retraction document.

7 MAJOR SOCIAL DISSONANCE

1. Casta System - It is an INCENTIVIZED system wherein each casta pays
taxes based on their RACIAL heritage. But the facts don't change that
the Spaniards used this to UPLIFT themselves.
○ 1. Peninsulares - Pure Spaniard
○ 2. Americano - American-born Spaniard
○ 3. Insulares - Philippine-born Spaniard
○ 4. Mestizaje - Tornatras, de Espanol, de Bombay, de Sangley
○ 5. Sangleys - Pure Chinese
○ 6. Indio - Pure Filipino
○ 7. Negrito - Aetas

2. The polo, Bandala & Falla

○ POLO is the forced labor imposed upon Filipinos. men aged 16-60
years. They were required to do skilled labor for 40 days, which
was reduced to 15 days. To be exempted from this forced labor they
need to pay for FALLA.
○ The BANDALA is the forced sale and acquisition of goods and/or
commodities. It was also a form of taxation back then.
 3. The Encomienda System - A formal system of forced labor in Spanish
colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage
conquest and colonization. The Encomienda system is granted only to the
Spanish colonizers. Very few Filipinos become encomenderos.

4. Lack of Women’s Right

○ Women could study in schools but weren't permitted to enroll in
Universities. Instead, they study in exclusive schools or enroll
in convent schools called Beaterios.

5. Wars in Mindanao
○ The Wars in Mindanao were extensive back then, in their hopes of
converting our Muslim brethren. Heavy taxes were imposed to
support Spain's war causes against them, branding them as Moros.

6. The Secularization Issue

○ "secularization" meant merely "nationalizing"(replace) the
Catholic Church by replacing the friars with native secular
priests.

7. Frailocracy
○ It means rule of the friars.

QUESTION: "How did the country fare in terms of land ownership during the
Spanish occupation?”
ANSWER: Filipinos who couldn't pay the fee on the landowning registration
were driven out of their tilled lands and were redistributed as encomiendas.

● CALAMBA LAND DISPUTE

○ showed how the Spaniards and the Filipinos treat one another, both
showing their good and bad sides. No one truly won this case
because of the following reasons.
■ First Reason: At least 25 individuals were exiled out of
Calamba after the trial in Madrid, including Rizal's older
brother and two (2) of his brother-in-law, because of their
actions before, during, and after the dispute. Some
historians even believed that Paciano had a judge doing him
favors during the initial trials done in Calamba, Jose
Rizal, nevertheless, had done the right thing to coerce the
townsfolk to question the actions done by the Dominicans and
even drafted a petition to make an appeal to the court.
■ Second Reason: The Spanish Dominicans were now treated with
contempt because of their negative incentives of raising
taxes despite the low economy, and they owned more land than
what was known to the people. Despite their Initial good
relations with the Mercados, their shift in actions put them
at odds with this well-to-do family and earned the scom of
the people of Calamba.

● CAVITE
○ Located in the south portion of Luzon island.
○ It owns Corregidor Island
○ Nicknamed “Land of the Brave” and the “History Capital”
○ Emilio Aguinaldo was here.
 ● 7 reasons Cavite Mutiny occurs.
1. The Caviteños were dissatisfied with the imposed working
conditions given to them in the arsenal, as well as the withheld
privileges of the native army working for the Spanish Crown
2. Izquierdo imposed strict and harsh policies that stifled the
Filipinos trust to the government
3. The Central Government failed to conduct a proper investigation of
the event.
4. The frailocracy began to crumble in 1872 as the Central Government
began to deprive the church.
5. The Filipino priests began to actively call secularization;
6. The Filipinos participated in any causes that would respond to
their injustices.
7. The death of the GomBurza was a backfire move from Spain-they only
made the situation worse, which drove the native Filipinos to call
for reforms and independence.

LESSON 4 PowerPoint Presentation

● The Expatriates
○ Ex - [Lat.] “out”
○ Patros - [Gk.] “father”
○ Patriot - someone devoted to his country.
○ Expatriate - someone working outside their home country.

● Deconstructing Noli me Tangere

○ Novel Title: Noli Me Tangere
○ Publication Year: 1887
○ Chapters: 64(63 + one [1] hidden)
○ Main Protagonist: Crisostomo Ibarra
○ Main Antagonist: Corrupt Friars and members of the blancos.
○ Literary style: Fiction, Satire
○ Inspiration: Expose the social cancers in the Philippines.
○ Emphasis: Filipina devotion and influence over man gratitude.
Filipino Common Sense.
○ Reasons:
■ Disprove accusations made by Spaniards to Filipinos.
■ Express the true social conditions of the country.
■ Express the plight of the Filipinos.
■ Expose the wrongdoings of the Friars.
○ Effects:
■ Established the Filipino national identity and consciousness
■ Indirectly influenced the Philippine revolution.
■ Openly expressed the wrongdoings of friars.
○ Controversies:
■ Rizal was accused as German spy
■ The novel was “heretical”, “impious” and “scandalous”.
■ The Calamba Land Dispute
■ The Trials of the Rizal Law