Mini Matlab Project 2

Orthopedic Biomechanics
Fall 2017
MINI MATLAB PROJECT 2

DUE IN CLASS ON OCT. 24
Bone implants, such as hip replacements, often change the stress distribution within a
bone.
In this project, we will examine the effect of a steel implant placed in the medullary
cavity of a femur on the stress distribution in the proximal femoral diaphysis using
asymmetric composite beam theory.
We will examine this for 5 implant locations (including no implant) over 3 test cases:
1. A homogenous young bone

2. A homogenous old bone
3. A heterogeneous young bone in which the Young’s Modulus is a function of the
local bone mineral density (BMD)
In all cases, the bone is subjected to a pure moment with components (using the
coordinate system in Figure 1): 𝑀" = 46 𝑁𝑚; 𝑀) = 28 𝑁𝑚
FIGURE 1. (LEFT) CROSS SECTION OF A FEMORAL DIAPHYSIS, APPROXIMATELY 10 MM BELOW

THE LESSER TROCHANTER. (RIGHT) POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF THE STEEL ROD IMPLANT.
On bCourse, you will find the MATLAB file asymmetric.m, the above left image
(femur.png), and the steel implant cross section (implant.png).
Implant.png is an 8-bit grayscale (0-255) image. It is 86 × 86 pixels and has a resolution

of 0.78 𝑚𝑚/pixel. A grayscale value (GS) of 0 represents a bone mineral density (BMD)
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of 0𝑔/𝑐𝑐. A grayscale value of 255 represents a pixel BMD of 2𝑔/𝑐𝑐. Assume BMD
varies linearly with grayscale value:
3
(i.e. BMD = 𝐺𝑆 )
344
Implant.png shows the implant cross section with the center highlighted in red. It
measures 15 × 15 pixels and, like femur.png, has a resolution of 0.78 𝑚𝑚/pixel.
Presently, asymmetric.m plots the femur.png image and calculates the BMD weighted
centroid. Assume the elastic modulus of the steel implant is 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
The steel rod implant center locations are (z, y) listed below with corresponding
location in the MATLAB image matrix A(i,j):
Point A: (28.08 𝑚𝑚, 38.22 𝑚𝑚) à A(50,37)

Point B: (26.52 𝑚𝑚, 28.86 𝑚𝑚) àA(37, 35)
Point C: (32.76 𝑚𝑚, 31.98 𝑚𝑚) à A(41, 43)
Point D: (15.60 𝑚𝑚, 25.74 𝑚𝑚) à A(34, 51)
For cases 1 and 2 (homogenous bones):
Consider only cortical bone. To do this, threshold the image such that you only
consider bone with BMD over 1 𝑔/𝑐𝑐 (grams per cubic centimeter). Anything under
1𝑔/𝑐𝑐 is considered to be empty space.
Assume the young bone has an elastic modulus of 17 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
Assume the old bone has an elastic modulus of 13 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
For case 3 (heterogeneous bone):
1. The modulus of bone is related to the BMD with the following relationship:
𝐸?@AB = 𝑎 ⋅ 𝐵𝑀𝐷 ? (Equation 1)
This is of the same form as the power relationships of ultimate stress (Figure 3.18
in textbook).
2. Using two extreme values of BMD and 𝐸?@AB , determine coefficients a and b in
Equation 1.
i. (𝐵𝑀𝐷, 𝐸?@AB )[I] = (0.26 𝑔/𝑐𝑐, 1.107 𝐺𝑃𝑎)
ii. (𝐵𝑀𝐷, 𝐸?@AB )[3] = (2 𝑔/𝑐𝑐, 17 𝐺𝑃𝑎)
Some General Hints
Recall that MATLAB stores its rows as the first index and columns as the second index.
Additionally, MATLAB starts its numbering at 1.
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Fall 2017
It may be easiest to edit femur.png to show the plate (using an image editing program
or even MATLAB). However, you will need to differentiate between implant and bone.
Alternatively, you can use a separate image (of same size as femur.png) to keep track of
the implant cross sections and then superpose that image with femur.png.
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Fall 2017
Your specific tasks for this project are to:
1. [45 Points] Fill out the table* (see below)

2. [10 Points] For the heterogeneous young bone case with an implant located at D,
plot the stresses (using contourf() ) throughout the bone and the steel implant.
Make sure to also include the neutral axis, and a colorbar legend.
3. [10 Points] For the heterogeneous young bone case with no implant, plot the
stresses (using contourf() ) throughout the bone. Make sure to also include the
neutral axis, and a colorbar legend. For comparison purposes, use the same stress
scale as in part 2!
4. [30 Points] Write a one page (1.25 spacing) discussion. Specifically include at
least a paragraph on:
a. From part 2 and part 3, compare distribution of tensile/compressive
stresses and implications for bone fracture.
b. Stress shielding and its implications on bone remodeling (with implant
versus without).
c. Long term effects for an implant located at A, versus an implant located at
C.
d. Which implant location is ideal and why.
5. [5 Points] Attach your commented MATLAB code.
*For the table, max stress refers to the maximum tensile stress in the bone. Express max
stress as a percentage of the “no implant” case for that location. Express all locations in
millimeters using the coordinate axis in Figure 1 – i.e. the upper-left corner is (z = 0, y =
0).
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Implant Center Location

A B C D No Implant
Normalized
100 %
Max Stress
Max Stress
Homog.
Location
Young
(z,y)
Centroid
Location
(z,y)
Normalized
100 %
Max Stress
Homog. Max Stress
Old Location
Bone (z,y)
Centroid
Location
(z,y)
Normalized
100 %
Max Stress
Heterog. Max Stress
Young Location
Bone (z,y)
Centroid
Location
(z,y)

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Orthopedic Biomechanics

MINI MATLAB PROJECT 2

1. A homogenous young bone

FIGURE 1. (LEFT) CROSS SECTION OF A FEMORAL DIAPHYSIS, APPROXIMATELY 10 MM BELOW

Implant.png is an 8-bit grayscale (0-255) image. It is 86 × 86 pixels and has a resolution

Point A: (28.08 𝑚𝑚, 38.22 𝑚𝑚) à A(50,37)

For cases 1 and 2 (homogenous bones):

Assume the young bone has an elastic modulus of 17 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

Assume the old bone has an elastic modulus of 13 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

For case 3 (heterogeneous bone):

Some General Hints

Your specific tasks for this project are to:

1. [45 Points] Fill out the table* (see below)

Implant Center Location

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