STEAM TURBINE

1. A steam enters the turbine at 3. A turbine has an available

1.4 Mpa and 320°C. The turbine enthalpy of 3000KJ/kg in a
internal efficiency is 69% and the Rankine cycle. The pump work is
total requirement is 700KW. The 20KJ/kg. For a flow of 5kg/s, find
exhaust of the steam is maintained the system output.
at 175kpa. Find the rate of steam.
@ Table 3 1.4MPa & 320°C 𝑾𝒏 = 𝑾𝑻 − 𝑾𝑷
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟎𝟖𝟒. 𝟑 𝒌𝒈 𝑲𝑱 𝒌𝒈 𝑲𝑱
=𝟓 [(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 ) − (𝟓 )(𝟐𝟎 )
𝒔𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟕 𝒔 𝑲𝒈 𝒔 𝒌𝒈
@ Table 2 0.175MPa 𝟏𝑴𝑾
= (𝟏𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾)( )
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟗 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟒𝟖𝟔. 𝟗𝟗 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾
𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟖𝟔𝟖 𝒉𝒇𝒈= 𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟔 𝑾𝒏 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗𝑴𝑾
𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
4. A steam power plant has a
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟒𝟗
turbine work of 654KJ/kg and the
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
back work is at 1.5%. Compute the
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟑 power produced by the plant.
𝑮𝑶
𝒆= 𝑾𝑷
𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )
𝑩𝑾% =
𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝑾𝑻
𝟎. 𝟔𝟗 =
𝒎𝒔 (𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟒. 𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟑)
𝑾𝑷
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟏 𝒌𝒈/𝒔 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 =
𝟔𝟓𝟒

2. Stem flows into a turbine at 𝑾𝑷 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈

the rate of 12 kg/s and 15KW of
𝑾𝒏 = 𝑾𝑻 − 𝑾𝑷
heat are lost from the turbine.
Ignoring elevation and kinetic 𝑾𝒏 = (𝟔𝟓𝟒 − 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏)𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈
energy effects, calculate the power
output from the turbine. Note: 𝑾𝒏 = 𝟔𝟒𝟒. 𝟏𝟗𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈
h1=2739 and h2=2300.5KJ/kg.

𝑾 = ∆𝒉 − 𝑸
𝒌𝒈 𝑲𝑱
= 𝟏𝟐 (𝟐𝟕𝟑𝟗 − 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟎. 𝟓) − 𝟏𝟓𝑲𝑾
𝒔 𝑲𝒈

𝑾 = 𝟓𝟐𝟒𝟕 𝑲𝑾
5. How many percent of the 6. A turbine has an efficiency
turbine work output is required to of 80% and a kilowatt output of
operate the pump of a steam 5000 at full load. If the available
power plant, operating at an ideal energy is 1200KJ/kg, determine
cycle if steam enters the turbine at the steam flow rate in kg per hour.
2.5MPa and is condensed at the
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
condenser at 50Kpa where 𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
specific volume is 0.001030m3/kg.
The furnace work is 753.8KJ/kg/. 𝑲𝑱
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 = 𝒔
𝑲𝑱
@ Table 2 2.5MPa 𝒎𝒔 (𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎)
𝑲𝒈
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟏
𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝟕𝟓 𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟓. 𝟏𝟐 )( )
𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓
@ Table 2 0.05MPa 𝑲𝒈
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟑𝟒𝟎. 𝟒𝟗 𝒎𝒔 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓𝟎
𝒉𝒓
𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝟐𝟗 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟓. 𝟒

𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈 7. Available enthalpy of turbine

𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗 is Δh = 1200KJ/kg, turbine
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈 efficiency is 75%, full load
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟏𝟏 capacity is 4,300 KW. Find the full
load steam consumption in kg/kw-
hr.
𝑾𝑷
%= 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝑾𝑻 𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟎𝟑(𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 − 𝟓𝟎)
= 𝑲𝑱
𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟑. 𝟏 − 𝟐𝟏𝟕𝟐. 𝟏𝟏 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝒔
% = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟗% 𝑲𝑱
𝒎𝒔 (𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎)
𝑲𝒈
𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟏
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟒. 𝟕𝟕 )( )( )
𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝟒𝟑𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾
𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟒
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾
8. Steam expands adiabatically 10. A heat exchanger was
in a turbine from 2000Kpa, 400°C installed purposely to cool 0.80 kg
to 400Kpa, 250°C. What is the of gas per second. Molecular
effectiveness of the process in weight is 28 and k-=1.32. The gas
percent assuming an atmospheric is cooled from 150°C to 70°C.
pressure of 15°C. Neglect changes Water is available at the rate of
in kinetic energy and potential 0.50kg/s and at temperature of
energy. 14°C. Calculate the exit
@ Table 3 2MPa & 400°C temperature of the water in °C.
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔
𝒎𝑪𝒑𝒈 ∆𝑻 = 𝒎𝑪𝒑𝒘 ∆𝑻
𝒔𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟏
@ Table 3 0.4MPa & 250°C 𝟖. 𝟑𝟏𝟒
( 𝟐𝟖 ) (𝟏. 𝟑𝟐)
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟒. 𝟐 (𝟎. 𝟖𝒌𝒈) [ ] (𝟏𝟓𝟎 − 𝟕𝟎)
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟗 𝟏. 𝟑𝟐 − 𝟏
𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐
𝒆=
(𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 ) + 𝑸
= (𝟎. 𝟓𝒌𝒈)(𝟒. 𝟏𝟖𝟕)(𝑻𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒)
𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔 − 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟒. 𝟐 𝑻𝟐 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟒𝟒°𝑪
𝒆=
(𝟑𝟐𝟒𝟕. 𝟔 − 𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟒. 𝟐) + (𝟐𝟖𝟖)(𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟕. 𝟏𝟑)

𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟗% 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟎% 11. A steam turbine with 90%

stage efficiency receives steam at
9. Steam expands adiabatically 5 Mpa and 550°C and exhaust as
in a turbine from 2500Kpa, 400°C 50 Kpa. Determine the turbine
to 350Kpa, 240°C. What is the work.
effectiveness of the process in At 5Mpa and 550°C:
percent assuming an atmospheric h1=3550.3, s1=7.1218
pressure of 15°C. Neglect changes At 50Kpa:
in kinetic energy and potential hf=340.49, hfg=2305.5
energy. sf= 1.091, sfg=6.5029
@ Table 3 2.5MPa & 400°C 𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟑
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐
𝒔𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟏𝟒𝟖
@ Table 3 0.35MPa & 240°C 𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟓𝟐
𝒔𝟐 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟕
𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝒆= 𝒆=
(𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 ) + 𝑸 𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟑 − 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟓. 𝟒𝟓 𝟎. 𝟗 =
= 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟎. 𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝟕𝟖. 𝟓𝟐
(𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟑 − 𝟐𝟗𝟒𝟓. 𝟒𝟓) + (𝟐𝟖𝟖)(𝟕. 𝟒 − 𝟕. 𝟎)
𝑲𝑱
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟕𝟐% 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = 𝟗𝟔𝟒. 𝟔 ⁄𝑲𝒈
12. A steam turbine with 92% 14. Steam in a Rankine cycle is
stage efficiency receives steam at expanded from a 200psia
7MPa and 550°C and exhaust at saturated vapor state to 20psia.
20KPa. Determine the actual The turbine has an efficiency of
exhaust enthalpy. 0.8. What is the actual enthalpy
@ Table 3 7MPa & 550°C after expansion?
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 At 200 psia (saturated vapor)
𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟔 h=1199.3Btu/lb s= 1.5466Btu/lbR
@ Table 3 0.02MPa At 20 Psia
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟐 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒 sf=0.3359Btu/lbR sfg=1.3963Btu/lbR
𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟔 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟑 hf= 196.2Btu/lb hfg= 960.2

𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝟕
𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂
𝒆=
(𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 ) 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝒆=
𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝟎. 𝟗𝟐 =
(𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟖) 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂
𝒆=
𝒉𝟐𝒂 = 𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟗. 𝟎𝟕𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )
𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟑 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂
𝟎. 𝟖 =
(𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝟕)
13. A steam turbine of 6MW
capacity has a Willan’s line 𝒉𝟐𝒂 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝟐. 𝟖𝟕𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈
equation of ms=5.5L = 3200kg/hr.
Determine the steam consumption
at 73% load, kg/hr.

𝒎𝒔 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝑳 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓. 𝟓(𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎)(𝟎. 𝟕𝟑) + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟗𝟎 𝑲𝒈/𝒉𝒓
15. A 150MW turbo-generator 17. A 5MW steam turbine
requires 700,000 kg of steam per generator power plant has a full
hour at rated load and 22,000 kg load stem rate of 6.0kg/kw-hr.
per hour at zero load. Calculate Assuming no load consumption at
the steam rate in kg/kw-hr at 75% 10% of the full load. Calculate the
of its rated load. hourly steam consumption at 60%
in kg/hr.
𝒎𝒔𝑭𝑳 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳𝑭𝑳
=
𝒎𝒔 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳 𝒎𝒔𝑭𝑳 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳𝑭𝑳
=
𝟕𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒔 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳
=
𝒎𝒔 − 𝟐𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓(𝟏𝟓𝟎) 𝟔 − 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟔) 𝟓
=
𝑲𝒈 𝟏 𝒎𝒔 − 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟔) 𝟓(𝟎. 𝟔)
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟓𝟑𝟎, 𝟓𝟎𝟎 )( )
𝒉𝒓 𝟏𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾 𝑲𝒈
𝑲𝒈 𝒎𝒔 = (𝟑. 𝟖𝟒 ) (𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾)
𝒌𝒘 − 𝒉𝒓
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒 𝑲𝒈
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟏𝟗, 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝒉𝒓
16. A 10MW steam turbine
generator power plant has a full 18. Available enthalpy of turbine
load stem rate of 5.5kg/kw-hr. No is 1164.9KJ/kg, turbine efficiency
load steam consumption is around is 75%, full load capacity is
10% of the full load steam 4500KW. Find the full load steam
consumption. Calculate the hourly consumption in kg/kwhr.
steam consumption at half load in
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
kg/hr. 𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝒎𝒔𝑭𝑳 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳𝑭𝑳 𝑲𝑱
= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝒔 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝒔
𝑲𝑱
𝟓. 𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟓. 𝟓) 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒔 (𝟏𝟏𝟔𝟒. 𝟗)
= 𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 − 𝟎. 𝟏(𝟓. 𝟓) 𝟎. 𝟓(𝟏𝟎)
𝑲𝒈 𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟏
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 ) (𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾) 𝒎𝒔 = (𝟒. 𝟓𝟕 )( )( )
𝒌𝒘 − 𝒉𝒓 𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾
𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝑲𝒈
𝒉𝒓 𝒎𝒔 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟐
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾
19. The pressure and 21. A steam turbine receives a
temperature entering the turbine is steam flow of 1.38kg/s and
1800Kpaa and 380°C. The delivers 500KW. The heat loss in
temperature leaving the turbine is the casing is negligible. Find the
20Kpa. The quality of steams heat drop across the turbine, the
entering the condenser is 90%. entrance velocity is 60m/s, the exit
Find the turbine work. velocity is 36m/s and the inlet pipe
is 3m above the exhaust pipe.
@ Table 1.8MPa & 380°C
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟐 𝑾 = −𝑸 + 𝑲𝑬 + 𝑷𝑬
@ Table 3 0.02MPa 𝟓𝟎𝟎 (𝟔𝟎𝟐 −𝟑𝟔𝟐 ) (𝟗.𝟖𝟏)(𝟑)
= −𝑸 + [ ]+[ ]
𝟏.𝟑𝟖 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒉𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟑 𝑸 = 𝟑𝟔𝟏. 𝟏𝟒 𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟕 22. A steam power plant
𝑾𝑻 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 operates on a simple ideal
= 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟕. 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟕 Rankine cycle. The steam enters
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟖𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈 the turbine at 3Mpa and 350°C and
is condensed at a pressure of
20. In a certain steam plant, the 75Kpa. What is the backwork ratio
turbine develops 1000KW. The of the plant?
heat supplied to the steam in the @ Table 3 3MPa & 350°C
boiler is 2800KJ/kg, the heat 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟑 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟒𝟐𝟖
rejected by the steam to the @ Table 2 0.05MPa
cooling water in the condenser is 𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏𝟑 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟑𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟗
2100KJ/kg and the feed pimp work 𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟒 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟖. 𝟔
is 10KW. Calculate the steam flow 𝒗𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟑
round the cycle in kg/s. 𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝑾𝑻 = 𝑾𝒏 + 𝑾𝑷 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝑲𝑱 𝑲𝑱 𝑲𝑱
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝒎(𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎) + 𝟏𝟎 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝟓
𝒔 𝑲𝒈 𝒔
𝑾𝑷
𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝑲𝒈/𝒔 𝑩𝑾 =
𝑾𝑻
𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟑
(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟕𝟓)
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟏𝟏𝟓. 𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟐. 𝟓𝟓
% = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟔 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟔%
23. A steam turbine has an inlet 25. An adiabatic turbine in a
enthalpy of 2800KJ/kg with steam generating plant receives
velocity of 35m/s. The exit steam steam at a pressure of 7 Mpa and
condition is 2650KJ/kg. Find the 550°C and exhaust at 20Kpa. The
exit velocity. turbine inlet is twice higher than
the turbine exit, the inlet and exit
−∆𝒉 = ∆𝑲𝑬
steam velocities are 15m/s and
𝟑𝟓𝟐 − 𝒗𝟐 𝟐 300m/s respectively. Calculate the
−(𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟔𝟓𝟎) = turbine work.
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒗𝟐 = 𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝒎/𝒔 @ Table 3 7MPa & 550°C
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟔
@ Table 2 0.05MPa
24. A turbine has an efficiency 𝒔𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒
of 75% and a kilowatt output of 𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟔 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟑
5500KW at full load. If the available 𝒗𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟐
energy of the turbine is 1200KJ/kg,
𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
determine the steam flow at the
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔
turbine per hour.
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕
𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝑾 = ∆𝒉 + ∆𝑲𝑬 + ∆𝑷𝑬
𝑲𝑱
𝟓𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 = 𝒔 𝟏𝟓𝟐 − 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝑲𝑱 = (𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕) + ( )
𝒎𝒔 (𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎) 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑲𝒈
𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟐[𝟗. 𝟖𝟏]
+( )
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟔. 𝟏𝟏 )( ) 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓
𝑲𝒈 𝑾 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟔. 𝟐𝟔 𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒉𝒓
26. A steam power plant 28. A reheat system cycle has
operates on the Rankine cycle. 13.85Mpa throttle pressure at the
The steam enters the turbine at turbine inlet and a 2.8Mpa reheat
7Mpa and 550°C with a velocity of pressure, the throttle and reheat
40m/s. It discharges to the temperatures of the steam is
condenser at 20Kpa with a velocity 540°C, condenser pressure is
of 90m/s. Calculate the net work in 3.4KPa, engine efficiency of high
MW for a flow of 41.3kg/s. pressure and low pressure is 75%.
Determine the turbine work.
𝑾𝒏 = 𝑾𝑻 − 𝑾𝑷
𝟒𝟎𝟐 − 𝟗𝟎𝟐 @ Table 3 13.85MPa & 540°C
= (𝟒𝟏. 𝟑)[(𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕) + ( )
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟐
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟑
− (𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎)]
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

@ Table 3 2.8MPa
𝑾𝒏 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 𝑴𝑾
6.5348 2974.5
6.53553 2974.91
6.5792 2999.7
27. Steam flows into a turbine at
the rate of 10 kg/s and 10kw of @ Table 3 2.8MPa& 540°C
heat are lost from the turbine. 𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 𝒔𝟑 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟎
Ignoring elevation and kinetic
energy effects, calculate the power @ Table 2 0.05MPa
output from the turbine. Note: 𝒔𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟎 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟖𝟒
h=2745 and h2=2240KJ/kg. 𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟖 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑𝟗. 𝟓
𝑾𝑻 = ∆𝒉 − 𝑸
𝒔𝟑 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝑲𝒈
= (𝟏𝟎 ) (𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒) − 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝒔
𝒉𝟒 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑲𝑾 𝒉𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟑
𝑾𝑻 = (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 ) + (𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟒 )

𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 =
(𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 − 𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟒. 𝟗𝟏) + (𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟑)

𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 = 𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟐. 𝟑𝟓 𝐊𝐉/𝐊𝐠

29. A reheat steam cycle has 31. The energy input to the
13.85MPa throttle pressure at the turbine is 2800KJ/kg and the
turbine inlet and a 2.8MPa reheat energy at the exit is 1400KJ/kg.
pressure, the throttle and reheat Considering the efficiency is 77%
temperatures of the steam is and the power output at full is
540°C, condenser pressure is 6000kW. What is the turbine flow
3.4KPa, engine efficiency of high rate at full load in kg/kw-hr?
pressure and low pressure is 75%.
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
Determine the cycle thermal 𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
efficiency.
𝑲𝑱
𝑾𝒏 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒆= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 = 𝒔
𝑸𝑨 𝑲𝑱
𝒎𝒔 (𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎)
𝑲𝒈
𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟐
𝟏𝟑𝟓𝟐.𝟑𝟓−[( )(𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟎−𝟑.𝟒)]
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
= (𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟒.𝟎𝟖−𝟏𝟐𝟑.𝟕𝟑)+(𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟖.𝟓−𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟒.𝟗𝟏) 𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟏
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟓. 𝟓𝟕 )( )( )
𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟓%
𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟒
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾
30. A reheat steam cycle has
13.85MPa throttle pressure at the 32. A 180 MW turbogenerator
turbine inlet and a 2.8MPa reheat requires 660000kg of steam per
pressure, the throttle and reheat hour at rated load and 20000kg of
temperatures of the steam is steam per hour at zero load.
540°C, condenser pressure is Calculate the steam rate in kg/kw-
3.4KPa, engine efficiency of high hr at 80% of its rated load.
pressure and low pressure is 85%.
Determine back work ratio. 𝒎𝒔𝑭𝑳 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳𝑭𝑳
=
𝒎𝒔 − 𝒎𝒔𝑵𝑳 𝑳
𝑾𝑷 𝟔𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎
𝑩𝑾 = =
𝑾𝑻 𝒎𝒔 − 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎. 𝟖(𝟏𝟖𝟎)
𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟑
(𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟎 − 𝟑. 𝟒)
𝑲𝒈 𝟏
= 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒔 = (𝟓𝟑𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 )( )
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓[(𝟑𝟒𝟑𝟒. 𝟎𝟖 − 𝟐𝟗𝟕𝟒. 𝟗𝟏) + (𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟓 − 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟒. 𝟓𝟑) 𝒉𝒓 𝟏𝟖𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾
𝑩𝑾 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏% 𝑲𝒈
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾
33. A regenerative turbine has 35. The maximum thermal
the following test results: throttle efficiency possible for a power
flow=38300kg/hr; ave. turbo- cycle operating between 1200°F
generator load=10MW; throttle and 225°F is:
pressure and temperature =2.620
𝑻𝑯 − 𝑻𝑳
MPa & 510°C; condenser vacuum= 𝒆=
𝑻𝑯
25.4mm Hg; feedwater leaves last
heater at 171°C. Determine the 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟐𝟓
turbine heat rate in KJ/kwh. =
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 + 𝟒𝟔𝟎
@ Table 3 2.62MPa& 510°C
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟕𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟑%
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟐𝟗𝟎𝟑
@ Table 1 171°C
𝒉𝟔 = 𝟕𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟗
𝑸𝑨 36. A steam turbine receives
𝑯𝑹 = steam at 7MPa and 550°C and
𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅
𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟎(𝟑𝟒𝟖𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 − 𝟕𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟗) exhausts at 20KPa. Determine the
𝑯𝑹 =
𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 stage efficiency if the actual
𝑯𝑹 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟓𝟔𝟗 𝑲𝑱/𝑲𝒘𝒉 exhaust enthalpy is 2413.89KJ/kg.

34. The energy input to the @ Table 3 7MPa & 550°C

turbine is 32000KJ/kg and the 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟔
energy at the exit is 1600KJ/kg. @ Table 2 0.02MPa
Considering the efficiency is 73% 𝒔𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟐 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒
and the power output at full load is 𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟔 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟑
5MW. What is the turbine flow rate 𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
at full load in kg/kw-hr? 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟔
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒆=
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝟎. 𝟕𝟑 = 𝒆=
𝒎𝒔 (𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎) 𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍

𝑲𝒈 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔 𝟏 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂
𝒎𝒔 = (𝟒. 𝟐𝟖 )( )( ) 𝒆=
𝒔 𝟏𝒉𝒓 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑲𝑾 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )
𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟗
𝑲𝒈 =
𝒎𝒔 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 (𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕)
𝒉𝒓 − 𝑲𝑾 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟗 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟎%
37. A steam turbine with 92% 38. A steam engine develops 60
stage efficiency receives steam at Bhp with saturated steam at
7Mpa and 550°C and exhausts at 1034.25 Kpa absolute and exhaust
20KPa. Determine the quality of at 124.11 Kpa. Steam consumption
the exhaust this time. is 736.36 kg/hr. Calculate the
indicated engine efficiency based
𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍
𝒆= on 90% mechanical efficiency.
𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒂𝒍
@ Table 2 1.03425MPa
𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝟖𝟔
𝟎. 𝟗𝟐 =
(𝟑𝟓𝟑𝟎. 𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟕𝟕) @ Table 2 0.12411MPa
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟒𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟑
𝒉𝟐𝒂 = 𝟐𝟒𝟖𝟗. 𝟎𝟕
𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟏𝟓𝟐 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟏. 𝟓𝟕
𝒉𝟐𝒂 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈 𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟗. 𝟎𝟕 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒 + 𝒙(𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟖. 𝟑) 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟔𝟒% 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝟖
𝑰𝑷
𝒆=
𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )
𝟒𝟒. 𝟕𝟗𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟗
𝟏𝒉𝒓
(𝟕𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟔) ( ) (𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟗. 𝟑𝟗 − 𝟐𝟒𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝟖)
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔
𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟕𝟑 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟕𝟑%
39. The crank of double acting 40. Steam enters a steam engine
steam engine rotates at 220 rpm. at 2 Mpa and 230°C and exit at 0.1
The bore and stroke of the steam Mpa. Steam consumption is 1500
engine is 300mm x 470mm, and kg/hr. Determine the equivalent
the mean effective pressure acting Rankine efficiency.
upon the piston is 4.5 kg/cm2. Find @ Table 2MPa & 230°C
the indicated horsepower 𝒉𝟏 = 𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 𝒔𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟑
developed in the cylinder. @ Table 2 0.1MPa
𝒔𝒇 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝒉𝒇 = 𝟒𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟔
𝑰𝑷 = 𝑷𝒎𝒊 𝑽𝑫 𝒔𝒇𝒈 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟓𝟔𝟖 𝒉𝒇𝒈 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟖
𝒔𝟏 = 𝒔𝒇 + 𝒙𝒔𝒇𝒈
𝒌𝒈 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏𝑵 𝟏𝑲𝑵 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐
= [𝟒𝟓 ][ ][ ][ ] 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝟏𝑲𝒈 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑵 𝟏𝒎𝟐
𝒉𝟐 = 𝒉𝒇 + 𝒙𝒉𝒇𝒈
𝝅 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝟑 𝒉𝟐 = 𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟔
𝟐
[(𝟐) ( ) (𝟎. 𝟑 )(𝟎. 𝟒𝟕) ( )] 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐
𝟒 𝟔𝟎 𝒔 𝑬𝑬𝑹 =
(𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟑 )
𝟏𝑯𝑷 𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 − 𝟐𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟔
= (𝟏𝟕𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝑲𝑾) ( ) =
𝟎.𝟕𝟒𝟔𝑲𝑾
(𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟗. 𝟔 − 𝟒𝟏𝟕. 𝟒𝟔)
𝑰𝑷 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝑯𝑷 𝒆 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟐%

41. The indicated efficiency of a

steam engine is 65%. The engine
entrance is 2600 KJ/kg and exit is
2100KJ/kg. If steam consumption
is 3000kg/hr and mechanical
efficiency is 90%, what is the
brake power of the engine?
𝑰𝑷
𝒆=
𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )

𝐈𝐏
𝟎. 𝟔𝟓 =
𝟏𝒉𝒓
(𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎) ( (𝟐𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔)

𝑰𝐏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟖𝟑

𝑩𝑷 𝑩𝑷
𝒆𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟗 =
𝑰𝑷 𝟐𝟕𝟎. 𝟖𝟑
𝑩𝑷 = 𝟐𝟒𝟑. 𝟕𝟓𝑲𝑾
42. A steam engine 18” x 24” 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵
𝑩𝑷 =
runs at 250 rpm. The diameter of 𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
piston rod is 3.5 in. The indicator 𝟐𝝅(𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒍𝒃)(𝟏𝟎𝒇𝒕)(𝟐𝟓𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎)
card is 3.5 in long and the area of =
𝟑𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
the head ends is 1.96 sq. in. Area
of the crank end card is 1.86 sq. in. = 𝟑𝟖𝟎. 𝟕𝟗𝑯𝑷
spring scale is 800lb. In the test, a 𝑩𝑷 𝟑𝟖𝟎. 𝟕𝟗
prony brake with 10 ft lever arm 𝒆𝒎 = 𝒆𝒎 =
𝑰𝑷 𝟒𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟓
registered an average load on the
scale of 100 psi/in. What is the 𝒆𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟒 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟐𝟒%
mechanical efficiency of the 43. A steam engine has 10%
engine? brake thermal efficiency and
𝑨 consumes 750 kg/hr stream. The
𝑷𝒎𝒊 = 𝑲 enthalpy of steam at the entrance
𝑳
𝟏. 𝟗𝟔 + 𝟏. 𝟖𝟔 𝒊𝒏𝟐 and exit of the engine are 2800 and
𝟐 𝒑𝒔𝒊
= (𝟏𝟎𝟎 ) 450 KJ/kg respectively. Determine
𝟑. 𝟓 𝒊𝒏 𝒊𝒏
= 𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟕 𝒑𝒔𝒊 the brake power of the engine in
KW.
𝝅 𝟐 𝝅
𝑽𝑫 = 𝑫 𝑳𝑵 + (𝑫𝟐 − 𝒅𝟐 )𝑳𝑵 𝑩𝑷
𝟒 𝟒 𝒆𝑩 =
𝝅 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒔 (𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟐 )
= (𝟏𝟖𝟐 )(𝟐𝟒) ( )
𝟒 𝟔𝟎 𝑩𝑷
𝝅 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝟎. 𝟏 =
+ (𝟏𝟖𝟐 − 𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 )(𝟐𝟒)( ) 𝒌𝒈 𝒉𝒓 𝑲𝑱
(𝟕𝟓𝟎 )( )(𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 − 𝟒𝟓𝟎) 𝑲𝒈
𝟒 𝟔𝟎 𝒉𝒓 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔
𝒊𝒏𝟑
= 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 𝑩𝑷 = 𝟒𝟗 𝑲𝑾
𝒔

𝑰𝑷 = 𝑷𝒎𝒊 𝑽𝑫

𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝒍𝒃
= (𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟖 ) (𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟕 𝟑 )
𝒔 𝒊𝒏

𝒍𝒃 − 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒕
= (𝟐𝟕𝟐𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟑. 𝟓𝟓 )( )
𝒔 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝒏

𝟔𝟎𝒔 𝑩𝑻𝑼 𝑯𝑷
( )( )( )
𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟕𝟕𝟖𝒍𝒃 − 𝒇𝒕 𝟒𝟐. 𝟒𝟐 𝑩𝑻𝑼
𝒎𝒊𝒏

= 𝟒𝟏𝟐. 𝟖𝟓𝑯𝑷