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Soal Isian Literasi Bahasa Inggris

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Soal Isian Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Topik : Reading Comprehension for UTBK

Subtopik : Konsep Kilat Specific Information

Level Kognitif : LOTS

The question is based on the following passage.

Operation Cottage was a tactical maneuver which completed the Aleutian Islands
campaign. On August 15, 1943, Allied military forces landed on Kiska Island, which
had been occupied by Japanese forces since June, 1942. The Japanese, however,
had secretly abandoned the island two weeks prior, and so the Allied landings were
unopposed. Despite this, Allied forces suffered well over 200 casualties during the
operation, mostly due to Japanese mines and the difficult terrain.

The Japanese under Captain Takeji Ono had landed on Kiska at approximately
01:00 on June 7, 1942, with a force of about 500 Japanese marines. Soon after
arrival, they stormed an American weather station. Here they killed two and captured
eight United States Navy officers. The remaining eight were sent to Japan as
prisoners of war. Another 2,000 Japanese troops arrived, landing in Kiska Harbor. At
this time, Monzo Akiyama, a Rear-Admiral, headed the force on Kiska. In December
1942, additional anti-aircraft units, engineers, and a negligible number of
reinforcement infantry arrived on the island. In the spring of 1943, control was
transferred to Kiichiro Higuchi.

A Consolidated B-24 Liberator aircraft sighted Japanese ships in Kiska. No further


identification was visible. To United States naval planners, none was necessary and
the orders to invade Kiska soon followed.

Due to the heavy casualties suffered at Attu Island, planners were expecting another
costly operation. The Japanese tactical planners had, however, realized the isolated
island was no longer defensible and planned for an evacuation. Although small,
there were signs of Japanese retreat. Anti-aircraft guns, once active during the Kiska
Blitz, were silent when Allied planes flew over in the days leading up to the invasion.

On August 15, 1943, the 7th Division (U.S.) and the 13th Infantry Brigade (Canada),
landed on opposite shores of Kiska. Both US and Canadian forces mistook each
other as Japanese and as a result friendly fire incidents killed 28 Americans and 4
Canadians and wounded 50 more. A stray Japanese mine caused the USS Abner
Read (DD-526) to lose a large chunk of its stern. The blast killed 71. 191 troops went
missing during the two-day stay on the island and presumably also died from friendly
fire. Four other troops had also been killed by landmines or other traps.
Military Wiki. (n.d.). Operation Cottage. Taken on October 21, 2022 from https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Operation_Cottage. In which paragraph does the author discuss the initial decision to
attack Japanese-occupied Kiska Island?

Catatan: Hanya diisi dengan angka (contoh: 5)

Kunci Jawaban : 3

Pembahasan :

Soal menanyakan paragraf yang membahas keputusan awal untuk menyerang


pulau Kiska yang diduduki Jepang.

Pada paragraf ketiga, penulis menyampaikan tentang sebuah pengamatan yang


dilakukan oleh pesawat Amerika di Pulau Kiska. Kapal-kapal Jepang terlihat dalam
pengamatan tersebut. Perencana di angkatan laut Amerika Serikat menyatakan
bahwa informasi tersebut cukup dan perintah untuk menyerang Kiska segera
dikeluarkan.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah 3.

2. The question is based on the following passage.

Topik : Reading Comprehension for UTBK

Subtopik : Konsep Kilat Specific Information

Level Kognitif : MOTS

Seventeen-year-old Robin West is an anomaly among her peers, she doesn’t have a
smartphone. Instead of scrolling through apps like TikTok and Instagram all day, she
uses a so-called “dumbphone”. These are basic phones, or feature phones, with very
limited functionality compared to say an iPhone. You can typically only make and
receive calls and SMS text messages. And, if you are lucky, you can listen to radio
and take very basic photos, but definitely not connect to the internet or apps. These
devices are similar to some of the first phones that people bought back in the late
1990s.

Ms West’s decision to ditch her former smartphone two years ago was a spur of the
moment thing. While looking for a replacement phones in a second-hand shop, she
was lured by the low price of a “brick phone”. Her current phones, from French firm
MobiWire, cost her just £8. And because it has no smartphone functionality, she
doesn’t have an expensive monthly data bill to worry about. She didn’t notice until
she bought a brick phone how much a smartphone was taking over her life. She had
a lot of social media apps on it, and she didn’t get as much work done as she was
always on the phone.

Dumbphones are continuing to enjoy a revival. Google searches for them jumped by
89% between 2018 and 2021, according to a report by software firm SEMrush.
Fashion, nostalgia, and them appearing in TikTok videos, have a part to play in the
dumbphone revival. While it’s true that dumbphones can’t compete with the latest
premium Apple and Samsung models when it comes to performance or functionality,
they can outshine them in equally important areas such as battery life and durability.

Five years ago, Przemek Olejniczak, a psychologist, swapped his smartphone for a
Nokia 3310, initially because of the longer-lasting battery. However, he soon realised
that there were other benefits. Przemek Olejniczak admits that he now has to plan
ahead more when he goes traveling. Before he would always be stuck to the phone,
checking anything and everything, browsing Facebook or the news, or other facts he
didn’t need to know. Now he has more time for his family and himself. A huge benefit
is that he isn’t addicted to liking, sharing, commenting, or describing his life to other
people. Now he has more privacy.

Bearne, S. (2022). Not smart but clever? The return of ‘dumbphones’. Taken on September 23, 2022 from:
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60763168.

According to Ms West and Olejniczak, these are the benefits of having dumbphones,
EXCEPT …

A. You can avoid media addiction.


B. You can have a phone with longer battery live.
C. You can share your daily lifes with anyone easily.
D. You can have less time searching for unnecessary information.
E. You can have more quality time with yourself and your family.

3. The questions number 1–3 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In
the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer
even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric
softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that
ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in


the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the
chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever
they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by
depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling,
and impart a fresh fragrance.
Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the
fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-
gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for
asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals
complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric
softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide
alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary
products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect
of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric
softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that
reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain
they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking
yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.
Thomas, P. (2009). Behind the Label: Comfort Fabric Softener. Taken on 20 September 2021 from https://theecologist.org/2009/feb/12/behind-label-comfort-
fabric-softener.

What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage


B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US
C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener
D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener
E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

4. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with ….

A. filling
B. soaking
C. charging
D. attaining
E. absorbing

5. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that …

A. ‘Green’ softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener


addicts.
B. Manufactures will shift to producing ‘green’ fabric softener products.
C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm
aquatic life.
D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with
fabric softeners.
E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it
contains fewer perfume chemicals.

6. The questions number 4–7 are based on the following passage.

The United Nations predicts Earth will have to feed another 2.3 billion people by
2050, mostly concentrated in urban centers far from farmland. Conventional
agriculture may not be able to meet that demand, but luckily NASA has been working
for decades to tackle food production both on Earth and in space. Feeding
astronauts during long-term space exploration means stretching resources to grow
plants in space—including minimizing water use and energy consumption and
eliminating soil.

NASA initially pioneered these techniques on the ground by building the country’s
first vertical farm. Inside a decommissioned hypobaric chamber left over from testing
the Mercury space capsule, technologists stacked rows of hydroponic trays like
bookshelves against the walls. Then systems for lighting, ventilation, and circulating
water were added using off-the-shelf parts. Various crops were planted on the
stacked trays to test how well they would grow in water and without the benefit of
sunlight or open air. This innovative approach to farming created a foundation for the
industry of controlled environment agriculture, or CEA.

CEA combines plant science and environmental control to optimize plant growth and
maximize efficiency, frequently incorporating vertical growth structures. Technology
enables the filtering of contaminants from crop water and delivers precise nutrient
balances. Artificial lighting provides only the necessary wavelengths at the right time,
intensity, and duration, while environmental controls maintain ideal temperature and
humidity. This approach could help feed burgeoning future generations, said Nate
Storey, chief science officer at Plenty Unlimited, one of several companies building
on NASA’s plant-growth research.
Pierce, M. (2021). NASA Research Launches a New Generation of Indoor Farming. Taken on November 30, 2021 from https://www.nasa.gov
/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/NASA_Research_Launches_a_New_Generation_ of_Indoor_Farming.

6. It is stated in the passage that …

A. The world will run out of food by 2050 according to the United Nations.
B. NASA has maximized a farming method requiring a little water.
C. NASA is taking over conventional agriculture to address future food demands.
D. To improve plant development, plant science must be integrated with vertical
growth structures.
E. NASA’s innovative approach pioneered the establishment of a controlled
environment agriculture industry.
7. Regarding the role of NASA in producing food, we know that …

A. The more farming techniques NASA uses, the less energy it requires.
B. The greater the space exploration is carried out, the more number of
astronauts that must be fed.
C. The more people requiring food, the more maximum NASA’s agricultural
technology will be.
D. The longer the space expedition is, the more NASA optimizes its farming
resources.
E. The more maximum NASA farming technology becomes, the less
traditional farming will be required.

8. From the first paragraph, it can be predicted that …

A. NASA will be more concerned with food production in space than with food
production on Earth.
B. The United Nations estimates that Earth will have to feed billions of people
for a decade.
C. The most crucial aspect of long-term space exploration will be astronaut
nutrition.
D. Conventional agriculture will succeed in feeding astronauts if it is combined
with NASA’s techniques.
E. In the future, there will not be enough land for conventional agriculture.

9. How is the second paragraph related to the first paragraph?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies kinds of agricultural progress discussed in


paragraph 1.
B. The vertical farm described in paragraph 1 is explained in detail in
paragraph 2.
C. The second paragraph expands on the first paragraph’s discussion of
NASA’s agricultural method.
D. The second paragraph explains further the issues raised in the first
paragraph regarding food demands in 2050.
E. The success of the NASA farming practices mentioned in the first
paragraph is reiterated in the second paragraph.

10. The questions number 8–10 are based on the following passage.
Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism
(called Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the
eyes or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not
treated does it spread to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body
and is not able to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on
direct or close contact with an infected cat. Following infection, the incubation period
(the time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between
three and ten days.

The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes
lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection
causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not
readily visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the
conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it more visible. The nictitating
membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across
the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.

Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes
thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and
cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise
appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two
days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to
the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.
Hunter, T. (n.d). Chlamydial Conjunctivitis in Cats. Taken on September 21, 2021 from https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/chlamydial-conjunctivitis-in-
cats.

What does the text mainly deal with?

A. The process of chlamydia affliction in cats


B. An overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
C. Clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
D. The symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
E. Treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis

11. In the second paragraph, the word inflammation most nearly means ….

A. rash
B. bruise
C. scrape
D. swelling
E. soreness

12. One of the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is ….


A. eating disorder
B. laboured breathing
C. low body temperature
D. abnormal eye discharge
E. dysfunctional eye membrane

13. The question is based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19
pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw
materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values
and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid
vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their
supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other
scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid
models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles
really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and
colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and
compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in
hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles’ materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than


350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with
different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles
(SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as
well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for
vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its
average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that
self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost
risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related
elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that
as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw
material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or
recycling others will be a good idea.
American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

The author would apparently agree that the relationship between environmental
regulations and the purchase of hybrid vehicles in paragraph 1 is similar to the
phenomenon of ….

A. cars and traffic


B. oil and gas stations
C. people and vehicles
D. gasoline and transportation
E. modern life and electric cars
14. The question is based on the following text.

Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body exerts
itself, pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s left
with a soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore
muscles—warm baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as
thermotherapy techniques. But how exactly does applying this heat help the pain and
relax the muscles?

While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through
aerobic respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous
movement, the body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type
of energy production burns sugars without oxygen, producing lactic acid within
exerted muscles. Overworked muscles and a buildup of lactic acid are what cause
the pain associated with exercising. When heat is applied to a sore area of the body,
blood vessels widen and blood flow increases to transport excess lactic acid and
other toxins away from tired muscles. These muscles are also made more elastic by
the heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to block pain signals.
Hogeback, J. (n.d). Why Does Heat Relax Your Muscles? Taken on July 14, 2021 from https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-heat-relax-your-muscles.

What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. highlight the process of muscle building during exercise


B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain
C. explain the sources of pain while exercising
D. show the process of soreness on muscles
E. define the cliché “No pain, no gain”

15. Read the text below to answer the question!

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a
gut. The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-
old Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology
grant, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular,
consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved
musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5
millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice — just the right
size to have made the burrows.

“We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery.”
University of California – Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years
ago is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. the descendant on the family tree of familiar animals found in Australia


B. a team led by UC Riverside geologists
C. Australian geologists finding most animals
D. the small ancestor of familiar animals identified in Australia
E. the geologists’ discovery of a worm in Australia

16. Read the text below to answer the question!

A team led by UC Riverside geologists has discovered the first ancestor on the
family tree that contains most familiar animals today, including humans. The tiny,
wormlike creature, named Ikaria wariootia, is the earliest bilaterian, or organism with
a front and back, two symmetrical sides, and openings at either end connected by a
gut. The paper is published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

For 15 years, scientists agreed that fossilized burrows found in 555 million-year-
old Ediacaran Period deposits in Nilpena, South Australia, were made by bilaterians.
However, there was no sign of the creature that made the burrows, leaving scientists
with nothing but speculation. Then, Scott Evans, a recent doctoral graduate from UC
Riverside; and Mary Droser, a professor of geology, noticed miniscule, oval
impressions near some of these burrows. With funding from a NASA exobiology
grant, they used a three-dimensional laser scanner that revealed the regular,
consistent shape of a cylindrical body with a distinct head and tail and faintly grooved
musculature. The animal ranged between 2-7 millimeters long and about 1-2.5
millimeters wide, with the largest the size and shape of a grain of rice — just the right
size to have made the burrows.

“We thought these animals should have existed during this interval, but always
understood they would be difficult to recognize,” Evans said. “Once we had the 3D
scans, we knew that we had made an important discovery.”
University of California – Riverside. (2020). Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils: A wormlike creature that lived more than 555 million years
ago is the earliest bilaterian. Taken on March 25, 2020, from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323152108.htm.
The purpose of the passage is ….

A. to announce how great a team of geologists is


B. to deliver the information about several ancestors
C. to advertise an ancient animal found in Australia
D. to inform the readers about the important discovery
E. to reveal the sophisticated new science technology

17. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood


programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast


television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8
[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/
ps_technology.pdf.

How does the second sentence relate to the first sentence in paragraph 2?
A. It shows the importance of interactive media to children’s lives.
B. It argues that interactive media include digital materials only.
C. It explains the definition and examples of interactive media.
D. It states that the children and adults nowadays are familiar with digital
technology.
E. It shows that interactive media can support social engagement among
adults.

18. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood


programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast


television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8
[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/
ps_technology.pdf.

The author would apparently agree on the idea that ….


A. digital media can harm learning and relationships
B. technology provides children with enjoyable experiences
C. technology may bring more good than harm when it is used wisely
D. technology can influence the relationships between children and their
friends
E. technology minimizes the potential for children’s learning and engagement
with others

19. The text is for the following question.

Television was once the newest technology in our homes, and then came videos
and computers. Today’s children are growing up in a rapidly changing digital age that
is far different from their parents. A variety of technologies are all around us in our
homes, offices, and schools. When used wisely, technology and media can support
learning children’s relationships both with adults and their peers.

Based on some evidence by research, there has never been a more important
time to apply principles of development and learning when considering the use of
cutting-edge technologies and new media as the so-called interactive media.
Interactive media refers to digital and analog materials, including software programs,
applications (apps), some children’s television programming, e-books, the Internet,
and other forms of content designed to facilitate active and creative use by young
children and to encourage social engagement with other children and adults.

When the integration of technology and interactive media in early childhood


programs is built upon solid developmental foundations, and early childhood
professionals are aware of both the challenges and the opportunities, educators are
positioned to improve program quality by intentionally leveraging the potential of
technology and media for the benefit of every child.

This statement provides guidance for early childhood educators about the use of
technology and interactive media in ways that can optimize opportunities for young
children’s development. In this statement, the definition of technology tools
encompasses a broad range of digital devices such as computers, tablets, multi-
touch screens, interactive whiteboards, mobile devices, cameras, audio recorders,
electronic toys, games, e-book readers, and older analog devices still being used
such as tape recorders, record and cassette players, projectors, and microscopes.

By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of his day—broadcast


television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it
demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are
grounded in principles of child development.
NAEYC and Fred Rogers Center. (2012). Technology and Interactive Media as Tools in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children from Birth through Age 8
[PDF]. Accessed and adapted on 11 July, 2022 from https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/position-statements/
ps_technology.pdf.

The author holds the assumption that ….


A. any forms of content designed to facilitate creative children to learn will
challenge them
B. interactive media are any kind of media that include hardware and artifacts
of education
C. the integration of technology and interactive media in childhood programs
leads to improved program quality
D. applying principles of development and learning of children is secondary in
the use of the interactive media
E. technology and media can be used to facilitate learning and establish
better relationships with other children and adults

20. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the


first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed
for the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE
(the JEE Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the
exam date have dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed
on July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-
postpone-them/.

What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Indian students were reluctant to join university preparation courses.


B. Indian students were forced to sit the JEE and the NEET exam.
C. The JEE and the NEET are annually held by the Supreme Court.
D. The Supreme Court considered the pleas from society.
E. The university entrance tests were finally rescheduled.
21. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the


first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed
for the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE
(the JEE Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the
exam date have dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed
on July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-
postpone-them/.

Which statement is CORRECT based on the passage above?

A. The first stage of the JEE Advanced was held after September 27.
B. The exams may be postponed due to the protests against the exam date.
C. NEET is an entrance university test for both medical and engineering
colleges.
D. Justice Ashok Bhushan wasn’t concerned about students’ academic and
future careers.
E. Many Indians demanded rescheduling the exams because of the high rate
of COVID-19 cases.

22. The question is based on the following passage.

Around 2.8 million Indian students sat university examinations from the end of
August to September 13 as the country approached the grim milestone of 5-million
total COVID-19 cases. Despite pleas from civil society to defer examinations,
including by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg, a Supreme Court ruling on
August 17 gave the government the green light to keep the original schedule for the
engineer and medical colleges entrance exams.

The JEE and the NEET, how university exams for those two careers are called,
are India’s most competitive — they sprawl industries of their own, with preparation
courses generating millions of dollars annually. The court bench headed by Justice
Ashok Bhushan said that “the career of the students cannot be put on peril for long,
and a full academic year cannot be wasted.” The court will not hear any further
petitions regarding postponing future exam dates.

According to the Ministry of Education, 74 percent of the students registered to the


first of the JEE took the exam, while an above 80-percent attendance was observed
for the NEET exam. Students are now gearing up for the second stage of the JEE
(the JEE Advanced), which will take place on September 27. Protests against the
exam date have dwindled since the Supreme Court decision.
Manve, Vishal Yashoda. (2020). Millions of Indian Students Sit University Entrance Exams After Government Disregards Protests to Postpone Them. Accessed
on July 18, 2020 from https://globalvoices.org/2020/09/15/millions-of-indian-students-sit-university-entrance-exams-after-government-pushes-back-protests-to-
postpone-them/.

The author’s attitude towards the civils’ protest regarding the exam schedule is ….

A. critical
B. positive
C. objective
D. subjective
E. informative

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