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    Article 14

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    Lito Lagunday (litlag)
    The document lists 21 aggravating circumstances that can increase criminal liability. Some circumstances include taking advantage of a public position, committing a crime against authority, committing a crime against someone due to their rank, age or sex, or committing a crime for financial gain.

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    Article 14

    Uploaded by

    Lito Lagunday (litlag)
    16 views2 pages
    The document lists 21 aggravating circumstances that can increase criminal liability. Some circumstances include taking advantage of a public position, committing a crime against authority, committing a crime against someone due to their rank, age or sex, or committing a crime for financial gain.

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    The document lists 21 aggravating circumstances that can increase criminal liability. Some circumstances include taking advantage of a public position, committing a crime against authority, committing a crime against someone due to their rank, age or sex, or committing a crime for financial gain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Article 14

    Uploaded by

    Lito Lagunday (litlag)
    The document lists 21 aggravating circumstances that can increase criminal liability. Some circumstances include taking advantage of a public position, committing a crime against authority, committing a crime against someone due to their rank, age or sex, or committing a crime for financial gain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Circumstances Which Aggravate Criminal Liability. Aggravating Circumstances.

    — The following are


    aggravating circumstances:

    1. That advantage be taken by the offender of his public position.


    2. That the crime be committed in contempt of or with insult to the public
    authorities.
    3. That the act be committed with insult or in disregard of the respect
    due to the offended party on account of his rank, age, or sex, or that
    it be committed in the dwelling of the offended party, if the latter
    has not given provocation.
    4. That the act be committed with abuse of confidence or obvious
    ungratefulness.
    5. That the crime be committed in the palace of the Chief Executive, or in
    his presence, or where public authorities are engaged in the discharge
    of their duties, or in a place dedicated to religious worship.
    6. That the crime be committed in the nighttime, or in an uninhabited
    place, or by a band, whenever such circumstances may facilitate the
    commission of the offense.
    Whenever more than three armed malefactors shall have acted together in the
    commission of an offense it shall be deemed to have been committed by a
    band.
    7. That the crime be committed on the occasion of a conflagration,
    shipwreck, earthquake, epidemic or other calamity or misfortune.
    8. That the crime be committed with the aid of armed men or persons who
    insure or afford impunity.
    9. That the accused is a recidivist.
    A recidivist is one who, at the time of his trial for one crime, shall have
    been previously convicted by final judgment of another crime embraced in
    the same title of this Code.
    Macbul 1943

    10. That the offender has been previously punished for an offense to which
    the law attaches an equal or greater penalty or for two or more crimes
    to which it attaches a lighter penalty.
    11. That the crime be committed in consideration of a price, reward, or
    promise.
    12. That the crime be committed by means of inundation, fire, poison,
    explosion, stranding of a vessel or intentional damage thereto,
    derailment of a locomotive, or by the use of any other artifice
    involving great waste and ruin.
    13. That the act be committed with evident premeditation.
    14. That craft, fraud, or disguise be employed.
    15. That advantage be taken of superior strength, or means be employed to
    weaken the defense.
    16. That the act be committed with treachery (alevosia).
    There is treachery when the offender commits any of the crimes against the
    person, employing means, methods, or forms in the execution thereof which
    tend directly and specially to insure its execution, without risk to
    himself arising from the defense which the offended party might make.
    17. That means be employed or circumstances brought about which add
    ignominy to the natural effects of the act.
    18. That the crime be committed after an unlawful entry.
    There is an unlawful entry when an entrance is effected by a way not
    intended for the purpose.
    19. That as a means to the commission of a crime a wall, roof, floor, door,
    or window be broken.
    20. That the crime be committed with the aid of persons under fifteen years
    of age or by means of motor vehicles, airships, or other similar means.
    21. That the wrong done in the commission of the crime be deliberately
    augmented by causing other wrong not necessary for its commission.

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