THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING MOBILE LEGENDS TO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS’ ALOTTED TIME TO STUDY

A Research Study to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Asian Learning Center Inc Danao Campus

Danao City,Cebu, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of Grade 12 Requirements for Practical Research 2

by:

Alvios, Rhenelou L.

Almendras, Rhea C.

Formentera,Jessa

Gagani,Ericka L.

Hermosilla, Jay Mark R.

Morre, Joseph B.

Villagantol, Gierald Brent C.

October 2022
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of playing Mobile Legends to

senior high school students' allotted time to study. Specifically, it sought to
answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of;

1.1 Name;
1.2 Age;
1.3 Sex; and
1.4 Strand?
2. What gadgets do you use in playing Mobile Legends?
3. What is the average amount of time the students spend in playing Mobile
Legends?
4. What is the average time do students mostly spend in studying?
5. What are the effects of playing Mobile Legends?
6. Is there a significant relationship between the duration of playing Mobile
Legends and study time of the students?
THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING MOBILE LEGENDS TO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS’ ALOTTED TIME TO STUDY

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Name (Optional):_____________________________________ Age: ____

Strand:______________________________________________ Sex: ________

Directions: Please mark check (√) on the box provided before each item listed
below the questions.
1. What kind of gadgets do the students use in playing Mobile Legends?
Laptop Tablet Mobile Phone Personal Computer
2.How many hours do you play Mobile Legends in a day?
Less than 1 hour Others; Please specify________
1-2 hours 3-4 hours 5-6 hours
3.How many hours a day do you spend in studying?
Less than 1 hour Others; Please Specify________
1-2 hours 3-4 hours 5-6 hours
Instructions: Put a check mark (✓) in the box after each item based on the
answer that suits you best.

YES NO
1. Do you feel that playing Mobile Legends during
allotted
study time helps you develop problem solving and
strategic thinking skills that can be applied to
school work?
2. Do you feel that playing Mobile Legends during
allotted study time helps you relax and distress
from school work?
3. Do you think playing Mobile Legend during your
study time has an adverse effect on your ability to
focus and finish your school work?
4. Do you believe playing Mobile Legend during
allotted study time affects your capacity to recall
and retain information for school?
5. Do you feel that playing Mobile Legends during
allotted study time helps you develop problem
solving and strategic thinking skills that can be
applied to school work?
6. Do you believe that playing Mobile Legend
during allotted study time causes you to delay and
put off school work?
7. Do you believe that playing Mobile Legend
during allotted study time helps you improve your
teamwork and communication skills?
8. Do you feel that playing Mobile Legends during
allotted study time takes away from the time you
could be using to study the complete school
work?
9. Do you believe that playing Mobile Legend
during allotted study time has a negative impact
on your physical health, such as causing eye
strain or reducing physical activity?
10. Do you think playing Mobile Legends while
you're supposed to be studying is a hindrance?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the beneficiaries of the study.

Students. This will provide information about the effects of playing Mobile
Legends. This research will also give a certain form of guidance to students on
proper usage of time management.

Parents. This study will give awareness to the parents regarding the influence of
playing Mobile legends in the study time of their children. With enough
knowledge parents can think possible preventive ways for their children in
playing Mobile Legends while studying.

Institution. This study will help the Asian Learning Center Danao Inc Campus
and teachers to come up with new solutions for their students to avoid using
cellphones during study time.

Future Researcher. This study will serve as a source of reference or hint in

making their researches.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study is to determine the effects of playing
Mobile Legend on students’ in their study time. It aims to know the factors that
influence students in their study time and to know what are the ways students’
apply to cope up with their problems.
Definition of Terms

Time management - Is the process of organizing and planning how to divide

your time between different activities.
Lack of sleep - Is when a person doesn't get enough sleep.
Disturbance - the act of disturbing someone or being disturbed by something.
Tiredness - the feeling that you are in need of rest or sleep.
Study Time – the target time of students need to complete their learnings and
activities.
Mobile Legends – is a multi-player online battle arena designed for mobile
phones.
Allotted time -Assigned or distributed as portion, share, or lot.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study

The top grossing mobile game in Southeast Asia for September 2022 was
Mobile Legends: Bang Bang from Moonton with close to $9 million in player
spending, an increase of 6.9% year over year. About 37.9 percent of Mobile
Legends: Bang Bang’s revenue in Southeast Asia was from Malaysia, followed
by 29.1 percent from Indonesia and 17.2 percent from Philippines. In-app
purchases have been made by 62% of mobile gamers under the age of 13. The
average age of mobile gamers is 36 years. Around 86% of Gen Z play games on
their mobile devices. 32.7% of mobile gamers are between the ages of 25 and
34. 85% of 55+ survey respondents don’t consider themselves to be gamer.
Mobile Legends, in particular, has become a popular game among young people,
with many students spending hours each day playing the game (Tan, 2022).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Mobile Legends

on the academic performance of senior high school students and to identify any
potential strategies or interventions that might be useful in mitigating any
negative effects. The study will be conducted using a sample of senior high
school students at the Asian Learning Center Danao Inc Campus, who will be
selected through random sampling. Data will be collected through a survey,
which will ask students about their Mobile Legends playing habits, their academic
performance, and their study habits. The data will then be analyzed using
statistical techniques, including correlation analysis, to determine if there is a
relationship between Mobile Legends play and academic performance. This
study will contribute to the existing literature on the effects of video games on
student performance and may provide valuable insights for educators and
parents on how to support senior high school students in balancing their
academic and gaming activities.
 This will provide a useful case study for other schools and educators who
are interested in exploring the impact of video games on student performance.
The research goal is to see how playing Mobile Legends affects the amount of
time students to study among the learners of Asian Learning Center Inc Danao
Campus. The research will be conducted to address the increasing popularity of
mobile games, particularly Mobile Legends, among students. This study is
relevant because it aims to determine the impact of mobile games on the
students' allotted time. There are several reasons why this study is important.
First, Mobile Legends is a popular mobile game that has gained widespread
popularity among students. This game requires a significant amount of time and
attention, which could potentially interfere with students' academic performance.
Through examining the effects of playing Mobile Legends on students' allowed
time to study, it will somehow might determine whether mobile legends can affect
the students’ academic performance. Second, this study will provide valuable
information for educators, parents, and policymakers on how to address the
students habit of playing mobile legends. The research will help identify
strategies for managing the use of mobile games among students, including
setting limits on the amount of time spent playing games, providing alternative
activities for students, and promoting healthy gaming habits. Finally, this study
will contribute to the existing research on the effects of mobile games on allotted
time to study. While there have been previous studies on the topic, most have
focused on younger students or have not examined the specific impact of Mobile
Legends on academic performance. This research will fill this gap by providing
new data on the effects of this particular mobile game on senior high school
students' academic performance.

Overall, the research on the effects of playing Mobile Legends on

students' allowed time to study in senior high school students at the Asian
Learning Center Inc Danao Campus will provide valuable insights into the impact
of mobile games on academic performance, aid in the identification of strategies
for managing the use of mobile games among students, and contribute to the
existing research on the topic. Playing online mobile games has significant
bearing with academic performance of students.

The outcome of the study accentuates the importance of the factor’s

students' amount of time spent on playing online mobile games at home and the
commonly played online mobile game at school. The poor performance of the
students in their academics was linked to playing online mobile games. The
performance of the students may improve and strengthen by giving serious
intervention that will manage the students’ access on the internet. The university
may limit or establish a policy about the student’s usage and access of the
internet to address the problem. (Delos Santos, et. al., 2020).
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

In this research study, the researchers use three(3) theories namely: Self
theory, Flow theory, and Social Cognitive theory.

Self-regulation theory, posits that individuals have the ability to control and
manage their own learning and behaviors. This theory will be used to understand
how students balance their time between playing Mobile Legends and
studying.People are more motivated to act when they believe their actions will
have an impact on the outcome, which explains being self-determined.
(Luzczynska and Schwarzer,2019)

On 2019, Jeanne Nakamura introduced the Flow Theory. The state of flow,
known as being in the zone, is a mental state in which the person performing the
activity is completely immersed in a sense of energetic focus, full participation in
the process of the activity, and enjoyment. Motivation to study Flow theory was
developed to understand what people feel when they are enjoying.It suggests
that when individuals are fully engaged and absorbed in an activity, they
experience a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction. This theory will be used to
explore experience playing Mobile Legends and if this affects the students’
motivation to study.

Cognitive theory concentrate on the premise that how and what people
think causes the arousal of emotions, and that some thoughts and beliefs lead to
healthy emotions and adaptive behavior while others lead to disturbed emotions
and behaviors(Dweck,2020). Which states that individuals learn by observing
and imitating others. This theory will be used to understand how peer pressure
and social influence affect students decisions to play mobile legends during their
 allotted study time.Social cognitive theory, is also learning new material or tasks,
out of curiosity, and the cognitive learning theory can help learners understand it
better. Students learn through cognitive learning. This practical method enables
students to acquire a deeper, more through comprehension of new things.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

SELF THEORY SOCIAL COGNITIVE FLOW THEORY

THEORY
(Alex Luzczynska and (Jeanne Nakamura, 2019)
Ralf Schwarzer, 2019) (Carlos S. Dweck, 2020)

THE EFFECTS OF MOBILE

LEGENDS TO SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ALLOTED
TIME TO STUDY

Figure 1: Theoretical Framework of the Study

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Kyle Chua, Mobile Legends is a multiplayer online battle

arena (MOBA) for iOS and Android devices developed and published by
Shanghai Moonton Technology, a game development company based in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. The game was launched in 2016. At its core, Mobile Legends
pits 2 teams of 5 against each other, with the main objective being to destroy the
opponent’s base. At the start of the game, each player gets to select a hero.
Each hero has a unique set of attributes and skills. There are currently 92 heroes
in the game, grouped into 6 different roles: tank, fighter, assassin, marksman,
support, and mage. How popular is it? The game has reportedly amassed over
500 million downloads and 75 million active players since it first launched. Much
of its popularity is centered around Southeast Asia, where the game has
established itself as a major esport. The Philippines, for example, has its own
Mobile Legends esports league called MLBB Professional League. It recently
concluded its 4th season, with Sunsparks winning the championship and nabbing
the lion’s share of the $54,000 prize pool. (Kyle Chua, 2019)

According to Ringgo(2021), “Side Effects of Playing Mobile Legends

Games (ML), Forgetting the time; If you continue to play the Mobile Legends
game, you just have to be able to remember Time. Declining health; When you
play this game for a long time, it will automatically make you forget the time too.
And that way our health can certainly go down too. Until it makes you guys fall ill
for sure. Lazy to study; Science is important, yes, learning is also our basic need
as a human being. If you always focus on the Mobile Legends game, lazy
learning can certainly happen and you won’t be able to let go of things like this.
Less sociable; you might not get along well if you stay home and play the Mobile
Legends game. Of course something like this would be one of the things that is
quite unfavorable, because social interaction among humans is important.”

Mobile gaming has become mainstream among the young generation

these days. It has been seen that students are opting for computing for their
higher education. Gaming has a positive impact on students learning and a study
says that it also has a positive effect on overall education. Gaming is said to be
good for the brain in many ways.A research conducted by the German
researchers’ shows that people who play games for 30 minutes a day gained
positive impacts on brain including memory formation, fine motor skills, spatial
navigation, strategic planning and fine motor skills. Positive effect on kids; Mobile
gaming has a positive effect on kids which includes classroom engagement,
enhances study habits, students grasping power and their test scores. Helping to
improve health problems; It’s hard to understand but gaming is helping to fight
certain health problems. In a Children’s National Health System in the District of
Columbia are using games to tackle diseases like sickle cell disease. The faculty
also programs games that fight memory loss which can be a symptom of sickle
cell disease. Helping people stay fit; Mobile gaming makes people healthy in an
interesting and in an effective manner. There are games in which you need to
follow the diets and the commitments because if they don’t they have to pay an
agreed amount to another user is keeping the pact. Making the world a better
place to live; With the increased use of mobile games, the owners of this industry
are working to make games that are not only interesting but have social, health
or other benefits. (Yuanzhe Li et al., 2022)

According to Chris Davis-Falco (2017), As hardware power

increases, and prices decrease, the smartphone has quietly made quite a
foothold as a platform in the video game industry. Many companies are using
smartphones to target previously unreachable market segments in video gaming,
such as casual gamers and women. As this platform becomes more popular,
researchers are beginning to notice potential problems and dangerous behaviors
associated with this type of video gaming that has never been observed with any
other type of gaming. Dangerous Distractions; The first negative effect of mobile
gaming is the potential for distraction when performing another more important
activity, such as driving. Loss of Productivity Distractions; Many mobile games
have a social aspect, or rely on other players taking turns or participating in the
game. In games like this, it's common to have alerts and updates throughout the
day about various things happening in different games. Sleep Problems; Mobile
phones and video games have both been independently linked to disruption in
the sleep patterns of children in studies. Jan Van den Bulck, a senior lecturer in
psychology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, found through
surveys that one in five teenagers reported being awakened regularly by their
mobile devices. Out of Control Spending; Many mobile games operate on a "free
to premium" business model, where the basic game is free, but extras within the
game cost money. According to Tiffany Reyes (2019), From Clash of Clans to
Mobile Legends and many other games, on mobiles and even in PC and console
formats, these game applications have turned out to cause excessive gaming
and even gaming addiction. Many people, from kids to teenagers and adults are
even willing to spend money to get access to more game features. They may
also neglect their other responsibilities as they are crouched over their phones
trying to get ahead in the game. This is when it becomes excessive gaming, or
even problematic gaming. There are those who also get treated for a behavioral
addiction called gaming addiction. What we may not realize is that there are real
dangers from these video games, when left unchecked and unregulated. Let’s
break them down. Here are some Dangers of Excessive Gaming, Excessive
preoccupation; If a person is unable to do anything else other than playing with
video games or mobile games, then that’s a red flag. Dangers to the health;
There are many who lose sleep and skip meals in order to play these games.
There are also risks for childhood obesity, as well as headaches, backaches,
eye-strain, and many other conditions brought by sitting in front of a computer or
over a mobile phone for extended periods of time. Relationship problems;
Because their attention is always on their games, they may cease to be present
for their families and friends. Increased aggression; Violent video games can also
make the gamers violent, especially the younger ones. Poor performance;
Whether it’s in school, at home, at work, or in life in general. Those who are
addicted to video games may fail to perform well or meet the tasks required of
him.

According to Sohail Qaisarb (2018), As you all know that, playing online
games is a trend now. You can not find people who haven’t played online games
in their entire life. One thing we know that is playing online games will bring eye
stress to the players. The actual truth is playing online games will have both
positive and negative effects. Positive Effects of Online Gaming, Enhances the
Cognitive Functions – The online gamers can improve their cognitive functions by
playing online games. The combination of focus and the surges of
neurotransmitters will strengthen the neural circuits that make the brain.
Decision-Making and Accuracy – The online gamers can able to make the quick
decision. Online gaming trains the brain to take quick decisions without losing the
precision. Hand and Eye Function – It is needless to mention that, the online
gamers will play their games with the utmost coordination of their hand and eyes.
Enhance the Teamwork – Multiplayer online games will enhance the teamwork
among the gamers. The gamers will use the most of their skills to win the game
for their team

Negative Effects of the Online Gaming, Aggressive Behavior – Every

player would like to win the game and hence they develop aggressive behavior.
Loner – Of course, the gamers that spend most of their time in playing online
games cannot spend time with their friends and families. Wrong Values – Certain
online games teaches wrong values to the gamers. The online games depict
women as weaker characters and sexually provocative characters. Impact on
Health – Yes, the gamers that take part in playing the online games would not
like to participate in any such activities that make them fit and fine. Bad
Academic Performance – Playing online games for a long time will create a
negative impact on your child’s academic performance.
 According to John Paul (2019), Easy to Play; Mobile Legends is the
easiest game to play on your mobile phone just like poker. It is easy to digest and
learn the game mechanics. You can memorize all the heroes, items, and skills.
Style and Characters; The characters in Mobile Legends are fun to play with.
They look awesome and they have lots of abilities and personality. The roster of
heroes expands regularly whether it is fighter, tank, assassin, support,
marksman, or mage. Deep yet Fun; Even though Mobile Legends requires you to
help other players, the game is deep yet fun. With every game, you will slowly
learn how to play and win the game better along with maximizing and mastering
the effectiveness of the heroes you choose. Quick Games; On average, the
matches last for only 15 to 20 minutes. Sometimes, the matches can be shorter
or longer like poker. But in general, you can get the meat of MOBA through
Mobile Legends. With every minute that you spend in the game, you can
experience more farming, team battles, and fun.

According to Debble Fritzler (2007), Physical Hazards, Muscular injuries

in hand: This normally does not occur on children. But while playing online
games they tend to overuse certain muscles which are in their hands. Due to
this, they may develop weakness of the hand muscles. Vision: Our visual cells
are adapted to the normal lights in the environment but not to the rays from the
laptop or desktop screens. Generally, the vicinity of the computer becomes more
when a child is on the online game. This would affect the lens and lead to short
sight or long sight problems. Dehydration: Due to continually sitting in front of a
monitor there is a lot of dehydration from a child’s body. This cannot be sensed
but there is invisible water loss. Psychological hazards, In research, it was found
that when a child constantly plays online games then it reduces the social
competence levels and increases the anxiety, depression, certain types of
phobias, etc. This reduces the intellectual capacity of the child and later on
hinders his social communication. Apart from the above-mentioned hazards,
personal hygiene is also greatly affected. Children tend to spend more time
gaming and refuse to take bath, eat at a regular time, and even sometimes
control their bowel movements for the sake of winning in the game.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

In the study conducted by Jannell Obrero (2019), entitled "The Effects of

mobiles legends", based on studies, MOBA has positive effects to a person.
However, using too much of this can cause a lot of problems to your health and
even relationships with other people. Playing online games during your free time
is “OKAY”, but getting too attached to it and to the point that you are
compromising your health and your relationships with other people is “NOT
OKAY”. Learn to manage your time and prioritize what should be PRIORITIZED.
Do not lose your appetite and respect for the people around you. Always
remember that “REAL LIFE DEFEAT”, is a far different from “ONLINE GAMES
DEFEAT.”

In article made by Justine Revelo (2007), entitled "The Impact Of

Playing Mobile Legends to The Behavior And Academic Performance Of The
Students In Dr. Onofre H. Campo High School", Mobile Legends is one of the
widely used leisure activities by many people. Teenagers who are playing these
games said that they are playing these games just for fun, to keep away from the
heat of the sun, without knowing that there are a lot of effects of playing these
games that are more than what they think. Playing Mobile Legends, according to
some research is beneficial. It enables the mind of the players to be more active.
It helps the player to come up with decisions in tight situations, especially those
fights that keep the players to be alert and strategic. Playing these types of
games makes the player experienced different feelings because it is as if the
player is really the one taking the challenges. Despite those benefits, playing
these games also bring negative effects. When you hear about the effect of
mobile games you tend to think about the negative effects first. Like the fact they
are causing addiction, in behavior and in their health. It is surrounded by people
that who prefer to spend time alone with their mobile phones instead of starting
conversation with a random stranger or having a quality time to their friends and
families.

According to Maribel Poquiz (2018), Based on the study entitled "Effects

Of Mobile Games (Mobile Legends) To The Behavior And Health Of a SHS",
there are several positive and negative effects that playing mobile legends to the
behavior and health of a SHS student like playing mobile games have a positive
effects to the players of it especially in mobile legends players. The study find out
that there is approximately 8 hours of time a day that the student consume on
playing mobile legends. The findings of the study also tells that student being
addicted on playing mobile legends have no time for their study and it result for
low performance inside the class. Based also to the findings, in terms of health
constantly playing mobile legends cause for being an anemic due to having less
sleep.

In the article, "Mobile Legends: Impacts on the Academic

Performance of the Students in the Lyceum of the Philippines -Cavite", by
Matthew Embon (2021), Based on the findings of the study, the following
conclusion were drawn: The student have a good academic performance despite
their involvement in playing Mobile Legends: Bang Bang. However, Mobile
Legends: Bang Bang can sometimes affect their academic performance.

According to the result, most of the students who play Mobile

Legends: Bang Bang develops their multitasking skill, problem solving skill, and
eye and hand coordination skill, it ranging 5-10 which was interpreted as "often"
that got 50%.Mobile Legends: Bang Bang also helps them to enlighten their
mode after doing their school works. On the other hand, Mobile Legends: Bang
Bang can lead some students to have a low or failing grade. This was shown in
question number 3 which has a verbal interpretation "often" that got 10% and
"sometimes" that got 20%. Mobile Legends: Bang Bang can also distract some
students from ng their homework. On the last question, it reveals that Mobile
Legends: Bang Bang does affect the students' academic performance. It verbal
interpretation "often" got 30%and "some times" got 30%, while "seldom" got 40%.
Therefore, the 10 respondents reveals that Mobile Legends: Bang Bang has a
positive and negaitve impacts on the student's academic performance.

According to Javier (2019), et. al. The study, Effects of Playing

Mobile Legends in Students’ Allotted Time to Study in Senior High School
Students of Paharang Integrated School, was conducted to further the
understanding of the positive and negative effects of playing Mobile Legends on
the study habits of students. We followed a descriptive research design to reveal
nuanced insights about the topic. Researchers interviewed 15 students each for
grade 11 and grade 12 using a detailed questionnaire. The analysis revealed that
playing Mobile Legends greatly affected study time, especially when they are in a
lose streak and are craving for victory. Additionally, the interviews revealed that
open communication between players lead to them playing more and feeling
addicted. Nevertheless, they indicated that playing more is a response to
stressful situations and that playing has more positive effects, especially on their
well-being. The study suggests that playing Mobile Legends has good effects
and that a time able or schedule can mitigate its bad effects.

In the study conducted by Juventus Vox(2019), Researchers came up

with a study to show that there is also an effect in mobile games (ML) to the
behavior and health of students. There are positive and negative effects. Positive
effects: improving brain functions and educating children. Negative effects:
distraction while performing another important activity, affecting social interaction,
sleep problems and loss of productivity. The negative effects can be avoided by
your child, just guide them well and make a schedule for their games. You could
set up a time for their mobile games and family outdoors. Through that activity,
the interaction of the child to their mobile games can be avoided or lessen.

According to Pauline Denise Rodica (2016), Based on the general

result of the study, the researchers conclude that a number of students playing
online games could have a negative effect in their academic performance.
Furthermore, students, teachers, and parents must be aware of the effects of
playing online games and should regulate the time playing such game because it
could ruin every students focus on their study.

According to Catherine L. Jongco (2022), Based on findings of the

study , there are positive and negative effects of online gaming. Students should
recognize and practice responsible and appropriate use of internet and online
games. Gaming is fun and a sociable way to spend time. Students should use
gaming as a way to develop teamwork with fellow gamers and develop skills to
activate the mind. They should also be aware of the risks to help them stay safe
and have positive gaming experience. Once aware of the online risks, they would
take appropriate actions to protect themselves and make practical and wise
decisions to know when to stop.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the type of research: research design, research

respondents, research environment and research instrument of the study.

RESEARCH DESIGN

After undergoing analytic observation, the researchers have concluded the

quantitative research design is the most preferable method for gathering data
information. It provides an efficient procedure for collecting the desire data and
information since the study involves the usage of numerical data on counting the
answer of the respondents.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents of this study are the students of Asian Learning Center
Inc Danao Campus who played Mobile legends. The respondents of this study
were 50 randomly selected students of Asian Learning Center Inc. Danao
Campus.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used in this research study is a research made

questionnaire in gathering data. The survey questionnaire has demographic
profile of the respondents name, age, sex and strand of the student, it has
ranging scale easily to answer the following questions. The table found in the
survey paper is a checklist that is answerable by yes or no. The researchers will
analyze the results.
RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

This study was conducted at Asian Learning Center Inc. Danao Campus,
specifically located Duterte St. Suba, Danao City.

Figure 3: Location of the Study