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Rasters

The document discusses working with raster data in Python. It shows how to open a raster file, read the bands, normalize the values, and create indices like NDVI and NDWI. Functions are defined to normalize data, calculate indices, and plot the results.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Frade
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Rasters

The document discusses working with raster data in Python. It shows how to open a raster file, read the bands, normalize the values, and create indices like NDVI and NDWI. Functions are defined to normalize data, calculate indices, and plot the results.

Uploaded by

Gabriel Frade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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rasters

May 2, 2024

[47]: import rasterio


import os

[48]: path = os.getcwd()+ '\\dados/cbers.tif'

[16]: os.getcwd()

[16]: 'C:\\Users\\Aurora\\Desktop\\Gabriel\\PYTHON\\Jupyter_PyGis'

[49]: raster_base = rasterio.open(path)

[26]: raster_base.name

[26]: 'C:/Users/Aurora/Desktop/Gabriel/PYTHON/Jupyter_PyGis/dados/cbers.tif'

[27]: raster_base.mode

[27]: 'r'

[50]: raster_base.count

[50]: 4

[28]: raster_base.closed

[28]: False

[51]: raster_base.close()

[59]: with rasterio.open(path, 'r') as dst:


band1 = dst.read(1)
band2 = dst.read(2)
band3 = dst.read(3)
band4 = dst.read(4)
profile = dst.profile

[53]: dst.closed

1
[53]: True

[60]: profile

[60]: {'driver': 'GTiff', 'dtype': 'float32', 'nodata': None, 'width': 1929, 'height':
1943, 'count': 4, 'crs': CRS.from_epsg(32721), 'transform': Affine(8.0, 0.0,
734856.0,
0.0, -8.0, 7189156.0), 'blockysize': 1, 'tiled': False, 'interleave':
'pixel'}

[65]: with rasterio.open('exported.tif','w',


driver = 'Gtiff',
dtype = rasterio.float32,
height = 1943,
width = 1929,
count = 1,
crs = '+proj=utm +zone=21 +south +datum=WGS84 +units=m␣
↪+no_defs',

transform = (8.0, 0.0, 734856.0, 0.0, -8.0, 7189156.0)


) as dst:
dst.write(band1,1)

[62]: profile['count'] = 1

[63]: profile

[63]: {'driver': 'GTiff', 'dtype': 'float32', 'nodata': None, 'width': 1929, 'height':
1943, 'count': 1, 'crs': CRS.from_epsg(32721), 'transform': Affine(8.0, 0.0,
734856.0,
0.0, -8.0, 7189156.0), 'blockysize': 1, 'tiled': False, 'interleave':
'pixel'}

[67]: with rasterio.open('exported1.tif','w', **profile) as dst:


dst.write(band1,1)

[68]: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


from rasterio.plot import show

[93]: plt.figure(figsize=(5,5))
show(band1, cmap='gray', transform = profile['transform'])

2
[93]: <Axes: >

[89]: fig, (ax1,ax2,ax3) = plt.subplots(1,3, figsize=(21,7))


show(band1, ax=ax1, cmap='gray', transform = profile['transform'], title='Banda␣
↪01')

show(band2, ax=ax2, cmap='Greens', transform = profile['transform'],␣


↪title='Banda 02')

show(band3, ax=ax3, cmap='Reds', transform = profile['transform'], title='Banda␣


↪03')

[89]: <Axes: title={'center': 'Banda 03'}>

3
[92]: result = band1*band2
show(result, cmap='grey', transform = profile['transform'], title='Result')

[92]: <Axes: title={'center': 'Result'}>

[94]: import numpy as np

4
[95]: # Função para normalizar valor
def normalize(array):
'''Normaliza variavel numpy em escala de 0.0 a 1.0'''
array_min, array_max = array.min(), array.max()
return((array - array_min)/(array_max - array_min))

[98]: nir = normalize(band4)


r = normalize(band3)
g = normalize(band2)
b = normalize(band1)

[103]: rgb = np.dstack((r,g,b))


plt.figure(figsize=(21,9))
plt.imshow(rgb)

[103]: <matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x22aeb9f8380>

5
[107]: plt.figure(figsize=(21,9))
show([r,g,b], transform=profile['transform'])

[107]: <Axes: >

[30]: import rasterio


import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from rasterio.plot import show

def normalize(array):

6
'''Normaliza variavel numpy em escala de 0.0 a 1.0'''
array_min, array_max = array.min(), array.max()

return((array - array_min)/(array_max - array_min))

def cbers_raster(raster):

with rasterio.open(raster, 'r') as dst:


band1 = dst.read(1)
band2 = dst.read(2)
band3 = dst.read(3)
band4 = dst.read(4)
profile = dst.profile

return band1, band2, band3, band4, profile

# C:\\Users\\Aurora\\Desktop\\Gabriel\\PYTHON\\Jupyter_PyGis\\dados\\cbers.tif␣
↪Pois o notebook não está na mesma pasta

def cbers_index():
band1, band2, band3, band4, profile = cbers_raster(raster)

# Normalizar os Dados
ir = normalize(band4)
r = normalize(band3)
g = normalize(band2)
b = normalize(band1)

# Criando Indíces
ndvi = (ir-r)/(ir+r) # Vigor da Vegetação
ndwi = (g-ir)/(g+ir) # Massas D'água

return ndvi, ndwi, profile

def plot_cbers():
ndvi, ndwi, profile = cbers_index()

fig, (ax1,ax2) = plt.subplots(1,2, figsize=(21,9))


show(ndvi, ax=ax1, title='NDVI', transform=profile['transform'],␣
↪cmap='Greens')

show(ndwi, ax=ax2, title='NDWI', transform=profile['transform'],␣


↪cmap='Blues')

return

7
[31]: raster = 'C:
↪\\Users\\Aurora\\Desktop\\Gabriel\\PYTHON\\Jupyter_PyGis\\dados\\cbers.tif'

plot_cbers()

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