Alka Sawale Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
MD Khaleel Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India.
S. Jaswanth Student, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India.
ABSTRACT The project is focused on the modeling and analysis of winglet of aircraft. In aerodynamic engineering, drag reduction is a big challenge. To reduce drag a device called winglet which is placed vertically at set of angle on the end of aircraft wing. Winglet design will reduce the fuel consuming by reducing the aircraft drag and makes the aircraft more stable during flight, also it will give the aircraft engine longer life by reducing the load on the engine thrust. The aim is to design and simulate a model of winglet for aircraft by using software such as CATIA -V5 which is used to construct the winglet models and ANSYS is used to test and simulate the winglet model. With winglet and without winglet is analyzed by changing the cant angles, results are compared and plotted. Winglets are an important part of an aircraft because it lowers the amount of drag and increases the fuel efficiency by using less energy by reducing wing-tip vortices. Winglet played very important role in improving the aircraft performance. Key words: Winglet, wingtip vortices, Comparison Cite this Article: Alka Sawale, MD Khaleel and S. Jaswanth Design and Analysis of Winglet. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 842–850. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=8&Issue=5
1. INTRODUCTION A winglet is a device used to improve the efficiency of aircraft by lowering the lift induced drag caused by wingtip vortices. It is a vertical or angled extension at the tips of each wing. Winglets improve efficiency by diffusing the shed wingtip vortex, which in turn reduces the drag due to lift and improves the wing’s lift over drag ratio Winglets increase the effective aspect ratio of a wing without adding greatly to the structural stress and hence necessary weight of its structure.
Winglets increase an aircraft's operating efficiency by reducing what is called induced
drag at the tips of the wings. An aircraft's wing is shaped to generate negative pressure on the upper surface and positive pressure on the lower surface as the aircraft moves forward. This unequal pressure creates lift across the upper surface and the aircraft is able to leave the ground and fly. Winglets, which are airfoils operating just like a sailboat tacking upwind, produce a forward thrust inside the circulation field of the vortices and reduce their strength. Weaker vortices mean less drag at the wingtips and lift is restored. Improved wing efficiency translates to more payloads, reduced fuel consumption, and a longer cruising range that can allow an air carrier to expand routes and destinations.
2. MODELING CATIA means (Computer Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application) started as an in- house development in 1977 by French aircraft manufacturer Avions Marcel Dassault, at that time customer of the CAD/CAM CAD software to develop Dassault's Mirage fighter jet. It was later adopted in the aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, and other industries. Initially named CATI (Conception Assistee Tri dimensional Interactive – French for Interactive Aided Three-dimensional Design), it was renamed CATIA in 1981 when Dassault created a subsidiary to develop and sell the software and signed a non-exclusive distribution agreement with IBM.
2.1 Design of Winglet
Goal: Generate enough lift while maintaining the lowest possible drag, Should not stall before wing during low speed flight, and the Geometry driven by aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil. Chord Distribution: If the Chord Distribution is too small then the airfoil will require a large lift coefficient and when it is too big then the high winglet loading causes outboard section of wing to stall prematurely. The Elliptical plan form will help with load distribution over a large range of flight regimes. Winglet Height: The Height of the Winglet is determined by the optimal induced drag and profile drag relationship. Twist/Sweep: The Twist /Sweep angles have similar effects on the winglet and They Tailor the load distribution. Toe Angle: It controls overall loading on winglet, Effects the load distribution on main wing and it is only optimum for one flight condition.
Figure 1 Geometric quantities used to define a winglet
4. ANALYSIS ANSYS provides a comprehensive suite of computational fluid dynamics software for modeling fluid flow and other related physical phenomena. It offers unparalleled fluid flow analysis capabilities, providing all the tools needed to design and optimize new fluids equipment and to troubleshoot existing installations. The primary ANSYS products in the fluids area are ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS CFX.
4.1 Meshing 4.1.1. Mesh Procedure The mesh details of the as follows: • Element type : Unstructured Tetra elements • Total elements : 2757733 • Total nodes : 491323 • Geometry • physics preference: CFD • Solver Preference: Fluent • Select all the surface required to carry the mesh
Figure 9 Domain with winglet Figure 10 Mesh
Apply front geometry for two sides as air inlet and air outlet as show in fig., after meshing the selection of boundary conditions is made. The selected boundary conditions are represented in the Table below.
Table 1 Boundary conditions for wing with winglet
component Boundary type Inflow Velocity Boundary Outflow Pressure Outlet Aircraft Wall Far field Slip Symmetry Symmetry option
The calculations are calculated for the induced drag, which were done using the Excel sheet for the results obtained from the ANSYS software 15.0. The results are calculated to study the changes of induced drag for the NACA 2412 airfoil for the different Cant angles for a same winglet of the airfoil. The tabular column below is drawn for the assistance to calculate the induced drag of the airfoil. The table has different mach. no ranging from 0.5 and 0.6. For the parameters which are used in the calculation for induced drag such as Lift, Coefficient of lift, Drag, Coefficient of drag, lift to drag ratio, and for different cant angles.
6. CONCLUSION Based on the CFD results for NACA 2412 and swept back when used blended winglets we observed 4 to 10 percent reduction for Mach regime 0.5 and 0.6, however we observed the overall aerodynamic efficiency and change in lift production for both with and without winglets are minimum. We observed induced drag reduced 10 to 15 percent linearly for 50 percent we observe slight increase in L/D compared to its prior to its preceding cant angles (that at 50 deg). However wing configuration with winglets has less induced drag compared to wings without winglets. Further work has to be done on other winglets such as sharklets, spoired winglets etc and compare those results with these results and with theirs and evaluated best winglets for certain configuration and flow regime. Similarly other type of wing configuration and airfoil need to be studied and understood. Especially all the above activities had to be carried out close to transonic and supersonic regimes where necessities of winglets are much required.
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