Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework
Recyclable Paper as Substrate for Mushroom Cultivation

Previous studies conducted by Wang et al., (2018) have shown the potential of using
various organic substrates for mushroom cultivation. However, the limited research has
specifically focused on utilizing the recyclable paper as a substrate for the mushroom cultivation.
The choice of substrate material is influenced by the physical and chemical properties, including
nutrient composition, porosity, and water retention capacity (Gaitán-Hernández et al., 2020).
Optimal Quantity of Substrate
A research conducted by Zhang et al. (2019) indicates that the quantity of substrate used
significantly affects the mushroom yield and quality. However, the optimal quantity of substrate
may vary depending on the specific mushroom species and substrate material. Another is the
Law of Diminishing Returns suggests that there exists an optimal point at which increasing the
quantity of substrate no longer leads to proportional increases in mushroom yield (Pindyck &
Rubinfeld, 2015).
Water Absorption Properties of Substrates
Studies of Ahmed et al., (2020) on the water absorption properties of various materials
provide insights into the factors influencing moisture retention in substrates. Recyclable paper
substrates with the higher water absorption rates may contribute to maintaining optimal moisture
levels for mushroom growth.
Theoretical frameworks such as the Capillary Action Theory explain how water moves
through porous materials, highlighting the importance of the substrate porosity and surface
tension in water absorption (Hsu & Maa, 2018).
Impact on Mushroom Growth and Yield
Previous research suggested that the substrate composition significantly impacts
mushroom growth parameters such as mycelial growth rate, fruiting body formation, and yield
(Mata et al., 2018). The choice of substrate materials can influence the nutrient availability, pH
levels, and microbial activity, all of which are critical factors for the mushroom cultivation
success.
Theoretical perspectives such as the Systems Theory emphasized the interconnectedness
of the substrate characteristics, environmental conditions, and biological processes in
determining the mushroom growth outcomes (Ludwig von Bertalanffy, 1968).
References:
Ahmed, T., Shahzad, A., Hassan, A., & Waheed, M. A. (2020). Water Absorption Behavior of
Porous Materials: A Review. Materials Research Express, 7(1), 012001.
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of
Management, 17(1), 99–120.
Gaitán-Hernández, R., Cortés-Velázquez, A., & Mercado-Flores, Y. (2020). Substrates for
Mushroom Cultivation: A Review. In Mushrooms: Cultivation, Antioxidant Properties and
Health Benefits (pp. 1–28). Nova Science Publishers.
Hsu, S. C., & Maa, J. R. (2018). Review of Water Absorption in Porous Media. Journal of
Hydrology, 557, 469–489.
Mata, G., Savoie, J. M., & Callac, P. (2018). Cultivation of Edible Mushrooms on Pasteurized
Wheat Straw: A Review. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 34(4), 57.
Pindyck, R. S., & Rubinfeld, D. L. (2015). Microeconomics (8th ed.). Pearson.
Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., & Huang, W. (2018). Advances in Research on Mushroom
Cultivation. Biotechnology Bulletin, 34(6), 29–35.
Zhang, M., Miao, H., Zhang, B., Huang, C., & Wei, X. (2019). Effects of Different Amounts of
Substrate on Yield and Quality of Pleurotus eryngii. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural
Sciences, 32(6), 1273–1277.
Scope
The study involves selecting a range of recyclable papers from different sources,
including newspapers, cardboard, office paper, and other paper-based materials, to explore their
suitability as substrates for Oyster Mushroom cultivation. Experimental trials was conducted to
assess the growth and yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus florida Strain-P1) on the selected
recyclable paper substrates. Parameters such as mycelial growth rate, fruiting body formation,
and yield will be evaluated.
This study quantified the amount of recyclable paper substrate required for optimal
mushroom cultivation. Identified the ideal weight or volume of paper substrate per unit area for
efficient mushroom growth. The water absorption properties of the selected recyclable papers
was investigated to understand their capacity to retain moisture, which is crucial for maintaining
optimal growing conditions for Oyster Mushrooms.
The study compared the performance of different recyclable paper substrates in terms of
mushroom yield, quality, and growth parameters. Statistical analyses was employed to identify
significant differences among substrates.
Delimitations
This study was specifically focused on cultivating Oyster Mushroom using Pleurotus
florida Strain-P1. Other mushroom species will not be considered in this research. The study
only explored the use of recyclable paper materials as substrates for mushroom cultivation. Other
types of organic or synthetic substrates wasnot be included in this investigation.
While environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity may influence
mushroom growth, the study did not investigate the impact of these factors. The focus was
remained on substrate characteristics and their effects on mushroom cultivation. The study's
findings may be influenced by the availability and characteristics of recyclable paper materials
specific to the geographic region where the research was conducted. However, broader
implications for mushroom cultivation practices may still be inferred.

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Recyclable Paper as Substrate for Mushroom Cultivation

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