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Variable in JavaScript

The document discusses variables in programming including their definition, declaration, initialization, types like global and local variables, and differences between variables and constants. Variables are named locations that store changing data during program execution while constants store fixed values.

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ayushi chahar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Variable in JavaScript

The document discusses variables in programming including their definition, declaration, initialization, types like global and local variables, and differences between variables and constants. Variables are named locations that store changing data during program execution while constants store fixed values.

Uploaded by

ayushi chahar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable in JavaScript

In programming, we often need a named storage location to store the data or values. Using
variables, we can store the data in our program and access it afterward. In this article, we will learn
about variables in programming, their types, declarations, initialization, naming conventions, etc.

Variables in Programming

What are Variables In Programming?

A Variables In Programming is a named storage location that holds a value or data. These values
can change during the execution of a program, hence the term “variable.” Variables are essential for
storing and manipulating data in computer programs. A variable is the basic building block of a
program that can be used in expressions as a substitute in place of the value it stores.

Declaration of Variables In Programming:

In programming, the declaration of variables involves specifying the type and name of a variable
before it is used in the program. The syntax can vary slightly between programming languages, but
the fundamental concept remains consistent.

 C++

 Java

 Python3

 C#

 Javascript

// Syntax: var/let/const variable_name;

var age;
let price;

const grade = 'A'; // Note: Constants need to be initialized during declaration.

Initialization of Variables In Programming:

Initialization of variables In Programming involves assigning an initial value to a declared variable.


The syntax for variable initialization varies across programming languages.

 C++

 Java

 Python

 C#

 Javascript

// Initialization using var (older syntax)

var age = 25;

// Initialization using let (block-scoped)

let price = 10.99;

// Initialization using const (block-scoped constant)

const grade = 'A';

Types of Variables In Programming:

1. Global Variables:

Global variables in programming are declared outside any function or block in a program
and accessible throughout the entire codebase. In simpler words, Global variables can be accessed
in any part of the program, including functions, blocks, or modules.

 C++

 Java

 Python3

 C#

 Javascript

// Define a class named GFG

class GFG {

// Define a static variable


static globalVariable = 5;

// Define a static method

static gfgFnc() {

console.log(GFG.globalVariable);

// Define the main method

static main() {

console.log(GFG.globalVariable);

// Call the static method gfgFnc

GFG.gfgFnc();

// Call the main method of the GFG class

GFG.main();

Output

2. Local Variables:

Local variables in programming are declared within a specific function, block, or scope and are
only accessible within that limited context. In simpler words, Local variables are confined to the
block or function where they are declared and cannot be directly accessed outside that scope.

 C++

 Java

 Python3

 C#
 Javascript

function gfgFnc() {

var localVariable2 = 10;

console.log(localVariable2);

function main() {

var localVariable1 = 5;

console.log(localVariable1);

gfgFnc();

if (true) {

var localVariable3 = 15;

console.log(localVariable3);

// Call the main function

main();

Output

10

15
Difference between Variable and Constant:

Characteristic Variable Constant

A variable is a symbol that


A constant is a symbol that
represents a value that can
represents a fixed,
change during program
unchanging value.
Definition execution.

Can be changed or reassigned


Cannot be changed once
during the execution of the
assigned a value.
Mutability program.

Must be declared before use, Must be assigned a value at


and its value can be initialized the time of declaration, and
at declaration or later in the its value cannot be changed
Declaration and Initialization code. afterward.

Examples int count = 5; const double PI = 3.14159;

Used for storing values that Used for storing fixed values
may vary or change during or parameters that should not
Use Cases program execution. be modified.

Allocates memory space to


Allocates memory space to
store the value, similar to
store the value.
Memory Allocation variables.

dataType variableName = const dataType constantName


Syntax value; = value;

Difference between Local variables and Global Variables:

Characteristic Global Variables Local Variables

Confined to the block,


Accessible throughout the
function, or scope of
entire codebase
Scope1 declaration.
Characteristic Global Variables Local Variables

Accessible by any part of the


Accessible only within the
program, including functions,
limited context of declaration.
Visibility blocks, or modules

It exists only during the


Exist for the entire duration
execution of the block or
of the program
Lifetime function.

May have a default value, can May not have a default value,
be initialized outside and must be explicitly
Initialization functions or blocks initialized within the scope.

Accessible directly from any Directly accessible only within


Access from Functions function or block the declaring function

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