Mock Test

VITEEE (MPCEA) Test 10
Total Time: 2 Hour : 30 Minute Total Marks: 125
Instructions
Instructions
1. Test will auto submit when the Time is up.
2. The Test comprises of multiple choice questions (MCQ) with one or more correct
answers.
3. The clock in the top right corner will display the remaining time available for you to
complete the examination.
Navigating & Answering a Question
1. The answer will be saved automatically upon clicking on an option amongst the given
choices of answer.
2. To deselect your chosen answer, click on the clear response button.
3. The marking scheme will be displayed for each question on the top right corner of the
test window.
Physics
1. In a meter bridge, as shown in the figure, it is given that resistance Y = 12.5 Ω and that (+1)
the balance is obtained at a distance 39.5 cm from end A (by Jockey J ). After
interchanging the resistances X and Y , a new balance point is found at a distance l2
from end A . What are the values of X and l2 ?
a. 8.16 Ω and 60.5 cm
b. 19.15 Ω and 39.5 cm
c. 8.16 Ω and 39.5 cm
d. 19.15 Ω and 60.5 cm
2. A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 40 cm . It is at the bottom of a glass that (+1)
has water filled up to 5 cm (see figure). If a small particle is floating on the surface of
water, its image as seen, from directly above the glass, is at a distance d from the
surface of water. The value of d is close to : (Refractive index of water = 1.33 )
a. 8.8 cm
b. 11.7 cm
c. 6.7 cm
d. 13.4 cm
3. A galvanometer, whose resistance is 50 ohm , has 25 divisions in it. When a current of (+1)
4 × 10−4
A passes through it, its needle (pointer) deflects by one division. To use this
galvanometer as a voltmeter of range 2.5 V , it should be connected to a resistance
of:
a. 6250 ohm
b. 250 ohm
c. 200 ohm
d. 6200 ohm
4. A body of mass M and charge q is connected to a spring of spring constant k . It is (+1)
oscillating along x-direction about its equilibrium position, taken to be at x = 0 , with
an amplitude A . An electric field E is applied along the x-direction. Which of the
following statements is correct ?
a. The new equilibrium position is at a distance qE

2k
from x = 0
2 2
b. The total energy of the system is 12 mω 2 A2 +

1q E
2 k

2 2
c. The total energy of the system is 12 mω 2 A2 −

1q E
2 k

2qE
d. The new equilibrium position is at a distance k
from x = 0
5. If W is the weight on the surface of Earth then weight of same body at a height Re/4 (+1)
above the surface of earth is equal to (Re = Radius of Earth)
a. 4
5
W
b. 16
25
W
c. 25
16
W
d. 5
4
W
6. A diode detector is used to detect an amplitude modulated wave of 60% modulation (+1)
by using a condenser of capacity 250 picofarad in parallel with a load resistance 100
Ω . Find the maximum modulated frequency which could be detected by it.
a. 10.62 M Hz
b. 10.62 kHz
c. 5.31 M Hz
d. 5.31 kHz
7. Match List I with List II: (+1)

List - I List - II
A. Torque I. kg m-1 s-2
B. Energy Density II. kg ms-1
C. Pressure gradient III. kg m-2 s-2
D. Impulse IV. kg m2 s-2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
a. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
b. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II
c. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
d. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
8. A force acts on a 2 kg object so that its position is given as a function of time as x = (+1)
3t2 + 5 . What is the work done by this force in first 5 seconds ?
a. 850 J
b. 900 J
c. 950 J
d. 875 J
9. In which of the following process, the internal energy of gas remains constant (+1)
a. Isothermal
b. Isochoric
c. Isobaric
d. Adiabatic
10. A thin uniform bar of length L and mass 8m lies on a smooth horizontal table. Two (+1)
point masses m and 2m are moving in the same horizontal plane from opposite
sides of the bar with speeds 2v and v respectively. The masses stick to the bar after
collision at a distance L
3
and L
6
respectively from the centre of the bar. If the bar
starts rotating about its center of mass as a result of collision, the angular speed of
the bar will be :
a. v
5L

b. 6v
5L

c. 3v
5L

d. v
6L

11. A metal ball of mass 0.1 kg is heated upto 500∘ C and dropped into a vessel of heat (+1)
capacity 800 J K −1 and containing 0.5 kg water. The initial temperature of water and
vessel is 30∘ C . What is the approximate percentage increment in the temperature of
the water ? [Specific Heat Capacities of water and metal are, respectively,
4200 J kg −1 K −1 and 400 J Kg −1 K −1 ]
a. 30%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 15%
12. In the pure inductive circuit, the curves between frequency 𝑓 and reciprocal of (+1)
inductive reactance 1 is:
𝑋𝐿
a. inversely proportional
b. directly proportional
c. equivalent
d. None of these
13. A steel wire with mass per unit length 70 × 10−3 kg m−1 is under tension of 70 N . (+1)
The speed of transverse waves in the wire will be:
a. 10 m/s
b. 100 m/s
c. 200 πm/s
d. 50 m/s
14. A body of mass 1 kg falls freely from a height of 100 m on a platform of mass 3 kg (+1)
which is mounted on a spring having spring constant k = 1.25 × 106 N /m . The body
sticks to the platform and the spring's maximum compression is found to be x .
Given that g = 10 ms −2 , the value of x will be close to :
a. 4 cm
b. 8 cm
c. 80 cm
d. 40 cm
15. A small square loop of wire of side l is placed inside a large square loop of wire (+1)
L(L >> l) Both loops are coplanar and their centers coincide at point O as shown in
figure The mutual inductance of the system is :
2 2 μ0 L2
a. πℓ

μ0 ℓ 2
b. 2 2 πL

2 2 μ0 ℓ 2
c. πL

μ0 L2
d.
2 2 πℓ

16. Water flows into a large tank with flat bottom at the rate of 10−4 m3 s −1 . Water is also (+1)
leaking out of a hole of area 1 cm2 at its bottom. If the height of the water in the tank
remains steady, then this height is :
a. 4 cm
b. 2.9 cm
c. 1.7 cm
d. 5.1 cm
17. 100 balls each of mass m moving with speed v simultaneously strike a wall normally (+1)
and reflected back with same speed, in time ts The total force exerted by the balls
on the wall is
a. 100mv
t

b. 200mvt
c. 200mv
t

d. mv
100t

18. Dimensional formula for thermal conductivity is (here K denotes the temperature) (+1)
a. M LT −3 K
b. M LT −2 K
c. M LT −2 K −2
d. M LT −3 K −1
19. In the given circuit, charge Q2 on the 2μF capacitor changes as C is varied from 1μF
(+1)
to 3μF . Q2 as a function of C is given properly by (figures are drawn schematically

′ ′
and are not to scale)
a.
b.
c.
d.
20. A plane electromagnetic wave travels in free space along the x-direction. The (+1)
electric field component of the wave at a particular point of space and time is E =
6 V m−1 along y-direction. Its corresponding magnetic field component, B would be :
a. 6 × 10−8 T along z-direction
b. 6 × 10−8 T along x-direction
c. 2 × 10−8 T along z-direction
d. 2 × 10−8 T along y-direction
21. The potential energy of an electron is defined as U = 1

2 mw2x2 and follows Bohr’s law. (+1)
Radius of orbit as function of n depends on? (w is same constant)
a. n2
b. 1
n

c. n
2
d. n 3
22. In a radioactive material, fraction of active material remaining after time t is 9/16. (+1)
The fraction that was remaining after t/2 is :
a. 3
4

b. 7
8

c. 4
5

d. 3
5

23. An object is allowed to fall from a height R above the earth, where R is the radius of (+1)
earth Its velocity when it strikes the earth's surface, ignoring air resistance, will be
a. gR
b. 2 gR
c. 2gR
d. gR
2

24. A vertical closed cylinder is separated into two parts by a frictionless piston of (+1)
mass m and of negligible thickness. The piston is free to move along the length of
the cylinder. The length of the cylinder above the piston is ℓ1 , and that below the
piston is ℓ2 , such that ℓ1 > ℓ2 . Each part of the cylinder contains n moles of an ideal

gas at equal temperature T . If the piston is stationary, its mass, m , will be given by :
(R is universal gas constant and g is the acceleration due to gravity)
g [ ℓ2 ℓ1 ]
nRT 1 1
a.

+

b. g
[ ℓ1 ℓ2 ]
nRT ℓ1 −ℓ2

c. g
[ ℓ1 ℓ2 ]
RT 2ℓ1 +ℓ2

g [ ℓ1 ℓ2 ]
RT ℓ1 −3ℓ2
d.

25. A child stands on the edge of the cliff 10m above the ground and throws a stone (+1)
horizontally with an initial speed of 5 ms −1 Neglecting the air resistance, the speed
with which the stone hits the ground will be ______ ms −1 (given, g = 10 ms −2 )
a. 15
b. 20
c. 30
d. 25
26. A man grows into a giant such that his linear dimensions increase by a factor of 9 . (+1)
Assuming that his density remains same, the stress in the leg will change by a factor
of :
a. 9
b. 1
9

c. 81
d. 1
81

27. In the given circuit, the current through zener diode is : (+1)
a. 5.5 mA
b. 6.7 mA
c. 2.5 mA
d. 3.3 mA
28. Proton with kinetic energy of 1 M eV moves from south to north It gets an (+1)
acceleration of 10 m/s by an applied magnetic field (west to east). The value of
12 2
magnetic field : (Rest mass of proton is 1.6 × 10−27 kg )
a. 7.1 mT
b. 71 mT
c. 0.071 mT
d. 0.71 mT
29. A proton is projected with speed v in magnetic field B of magnitude 1 T. The angle (+1)
between velocity and magnetic field is 600 as shown below. The kinetic energy of a
proton is 2 eV (mass of proton = 1.67 × 10−27 kg , e = 1.6 × 10−19 C). The pitch of the
path of the proton is approximately?
a. 6.28 x 10-2 m
b. 6.28 x 10-4 m
c. 3.14 x 10-2 m
d. 3.14 x 10-4 m
30. Two forces of magnitude A and A

2 act perpendicular to each other. The magnitude (+1)
of the resultant force is equal to:
a. A
2
5A
b. 2

3A
c. 2
5A
d. 2
31. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is passed through a polaroid A and then
(+1)
through another polaroid B which is oriented so that its principal plane makes an
angle of 45 ∘ relative to that of A . The intensity of the emergent light is
a. I0
b. I0
2

c. I0
4

d. I0
8

32. The maximum vertical height to which a man can throw a ball is 136 m The (+1)
maximum horizontal distance upto which he can throw the same ball is:
a. 68 m
b. 136 m
c. 192 m
d. 272 m
33. Two sitar strings, A and B , playing the note ??ha??are slightly out of tune and (+1)
produce beats of frequency 5 Hz . The tension of the string B is slightly increased
and the beat frequency is found to decrease by 3 Hz . If the frequency of A is 425 Hz ,
the original frequency of B is :
a. 430 Hz
b. 420 Hz
c. 428 Hz
d. 422 Hz
34. The anode voltage of a photocell is kept fixed. The wavelength λ of the light falling (+1)
on the cathode is gradually changed. The plate current I of photocell varies as
follows
a.
b.
c.
d.
35. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is (+1)
labelled as Reason R.
Assertion (A): Range of a horizontal projectile is maximum when angle of projection
is θ = 45° .
Reason (R): Range is maximum when sin (2θ) = 1 .
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below
a. (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
b. (A) and (R) both are true but (R) is not correct explanation of (A)
c. (A) is true and (R) is false

d. Both (A) and (R) are false
Chemistry
36. How many grams of methyl alcohol should be added to 10 litre tank of water to (+1)
prevent its freezing at 268 K ? (Kf f or water is 1.86K kg mol

−1
)
a. 880.07 g
b. 899.04 g
c. 886.02 g
d. 868.06 g
37. What happens when an inert gas is added to an equilibrium keeping volume (+1)
unchanged ?
a. More product will form
b. Less product will form
c. More reactant will form
d. Equilibrium will remain unchanged
38. XeO4 molecule is tetrahedral having :

(+1)
a. Two pπ − dπ bonds
b. One pπ − dπ bonds
c. Four pπ − dπ bonds
d. Three pπ − dπ bonds
39. In the Hall-Heroult process, aluminium is formed at the cathode. The cathode is (+1)
made out of :
a. Platinum
b. Carbon
c. Pure aluminium
d. Copper
40. At 300 K and 1 atm, 15 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon requires 375 mL air containing (+1)
20%O2 by volume for complete combustion. After combustion the gases occupy

330 mL . Assuming that the water formed is in liquid form and the volumes were
measured at the same temperature and pressure, the formula of the hydrocarbon
is :
a. C3 H6

b. C3 H8
c. C4 H8

d. C4 H10

41. For coagulation of arscnious sulphide sol, which one of the following salt solution will (+1)
be most effective ?
a. AlCl3
b. N aCl
c. BaCl2
d. N a3PO4
42. In Wilkinson?s catalyst, the hybridization of central metal ion and its shape are (+1)
respectively :
a. sp3 d , trigonal bipyramidal
b. sp3 , tetrahedral
c. dsp2 , square planar
d. d2 sp3 , octahedral
43. If the ionisation potential of the hydrogen atom is 13.6eV, then what will be the (+1)
st +
longest wavelength needed to remove an electron from the 1 Bohr's orbit of He
ion?
−10
a. (A) 2.284 × 10 m
−8
b. (B) 2.284 × 10 𝑚
c. (C) 228.4 A
d. (D) Both (B) and (C)
44. The IUPAC name of the following compound is : (+1)
a. 2-Methyl-3Hydroxypentan-5-oic acid
b. 4,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy butanoic acid
c. 3-Hydroxy-4 -methylpentanoic acid
d. 4-Methyl-3-hydroxypentanoic acid
45. According to molecular orbital theory, which of the following will not be a viable (+1)
molecule ?
a. He2+
2
b. He+
2
c. He−
2
d. He2−
2
46. Which of the following compounds are not used as disinfectants? (+1)
A. Chloroxylenol
B. Bithional
C. Veronal
D. Prontosil
E. Terpineol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. A, B, E
b. C, D
c. A, B
d. B, D, E
47. The intermolecular interaction that is dependent on the inverse cube of distance (+1)
between the molecules is
a. ion-ion interaction
b. ion-dipole interaction
c. London force
d. hydrogen bond
48. Match List I with List II (+1)
LIST I (Amines) LIST II (pKb)
A Aniline I 3.25
B Ethanamine II 3.00
C N-Ethylethanamine III 9.38
D N, N-Diethylethanamine IV 3.29
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
a. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
b. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
c. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
d. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
49. Which of the following is not an essential amino acid: (+1)

a. Valine
b. Leucine
c. Lysine
d. Tyrosine
50. N2 O5 decomposes to N O2 and O2 and follows first order kinetics. After 50 minutes,
(+1)
the pressure inside the vessel increases from 50 mm Hg to 87.5 mm Hg. The pressure
of the gaseous mixture after 100 minute at constant temperature will be :
a. 175.0 mm Hg
b. 116.25 mm Hg
c. 136.25 mm Hg
d. 106.25 mm Hg
51. In comparison to boron, berylium has : (+1)
a. lesser nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy
b. lesser nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy
c. greater nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy
d. greater nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy
52. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is (+1)
labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A): Cu2+ in water is more stable than Cu+
Reason (R): Enthalpy of hydration for Cu2+ is much less than that of Cu+
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options
given below :
a. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

c. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
d. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
53. 'R formed in the following sequence of reactions is : (+1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
54. The pH of rain water, is approximately : (+1)
a. 6.5
b. 7.5
c. 5.6
d. 7
55. Both lithium and magnesium display several similar properties due to the diagonal (+1)
relationship; however, the one which is incorrect, is :
a. Both form nitrides
b. Nitrates of both Li and M g yield N O2 and O2 on heating

c. Both form basic carbonates
d. Both form soluble bicarbonates
56. Given below are the half-cell reactions M n2+ + 2e− → M n; E ∘ = −1.18 V (+1)
(M n 3+ −
+ e → Mn 2+
) ; E = +1.51 V The E for 3 M n
∘ ∘ 2+
→ M n + 2M n 3+
will be
a. −2.69 V ; the reaction will not occur
b. −2.69 V ; the reaction will occur
c. −2.69 V ; the reaction will occur
d. −0.33 V ; the reaction will occur

57. An organic compound 'X' showing the following solubility profile is - (+1)
a. m-Cresol
b. Oleic acid
c. o-Toluidine
d. Benzamide
2-
58. The correct order of increasing 𝐶 - 𝑂 bond length of 𝐶𝑂, 𝐶𝑂3 , 𝐶𝑂2 is: (+1)
2-
a. (A) 𝐶𝑂3 < 𝐶𝑂2 < 𝐶𝑂
2-
b. (B) 𝐶𝑂2 < 𝐶𝑂3 < 𝐶𝑂
2-
c. (C) 𝐶𝑂 < 𝐶𝑂3 < 𝐶𝑂2
2-
d. (D) 𝐶𝑂 < 𝐶𝑂2 𝑀 < 𝐶𝑂3
59. Experimentally it was found that a metal oxide has formula M0.98 O. Metal M , (+1)
present as M 2+
and M 3+
in its oxide.Fraction of the metal which exists as M 3+
would be
a. 7.01%
b. 4.08%
c. 6.05%
d. 5.08%
60. In which of the following exothermic reactions, the heat liberated per mole is the (+1)
highest ?
a. CaO + H2 O → Ca (OH )2

b. SrO + H2 O → Sr (OH )2

c. BaO + H2 O → Ba (OH )2

d. M gO + H2 O → M g (OH )2

61. In which of the following pairs of elements electron gain enthalpy difference is (+1)
highest?
a. Cl, Ar
b. Cl, Ne
c. F, Ar
d. F, Ne
62. The time period of revolution of electron inits ground state orbit in a hydrogen atom (+1)
is 1.6 × 10 −16
s. The frequency of revolution of the electron in its first excited state (in
s −1 ) is :
a. 56 × 1012
b. 1.6 × 1014
c. 7.8 × 1014
d. 6.2 × 1015
63. BOD stands for: (+1)
a. Biological Oxygen Demand
b. Bacterial Oxidation Demand
c. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
d. Biochemical Oxidation Demand
64. The oxidation state of Mn in KM nO4 changes by 3 units in which medium?

(+1)
a. Strongly acidic
b. Strongly basic
c. Aqueous neutral
d. Weakly acidic
65. Which polymer is used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers? (+1)
a. Bakelite
b. Glyptal
c. Polypropene
d. Polyvinyl chloride
66. In which of the following reactions the hydrogen peroxide acts as a reducing agent? (+1)
a. P bS + 4H2 O2 → P bSO4 + 4H2 O

b. 2F e2+ + H2 O2 → 2F e3+ + 2OH −

c. HOCl + H2 O2 → H3 O+ + Cl − + O2

d. M n2+ + H2 O2 → M n4+ + 2OH −

67. In the cumene to phenol preparation in presence of air, the intermediate is (+1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
68. Which of the following statements is correct about freons? (+1)
a. All radicals are known as freons.
b. Freons cause skin cancer.
c. Freons are chlorofluoro carbon.
d. Freons are used in sunscreen lotion.
69. Which of the following are isostructural pairs? A. SO42− and CrO42− B. SiCl4 and T iCl4
(+1)
C. N H3 and
N O3− D. BCl3 and BrCl3 BCl3 and BrCl3

a. C and D only
b. A and B only
c. A and C only
d. B and C only
70. KM nO4 oxidises I − in acidic and neutral/faintly alkaline solution, respectively, to

(+1)
a. IO3− &IO3−
b. I2 &IO3−

c. I2 &I2

d. IO3− &I2
Mathematics
71. The number of numbers, strictly between 5000 and 10000 can be formed using the (+1)
digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 without repetition, is
a. 72
b. 120
c. 6
d. 12
72. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} and R is a relation on A such that R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ A and b is (+1)

exactly divisible by a} then find the number of elements present in the range of R?
a. (A) 2
b. (B) 4
c. (C) 6
d. (D) 5
⎡ 1 logx y logx z⎤
73. Let x, y, z > 1 and A = logy x 2 logy z Then ∣adj(adjA2)∣ is equal to (+1)
⎣log x log y 3 ⎦

z
z
a. 48
b. 28
c. 24
d. 64
74. The equation x2 − 4x + [x] + 3 = x[x] , where [x] denotes the greatest integer function, (+1)
has :
a. no solution
b. exactly two solutions in (−∞, ∞)
c. a unique solution in (−∞, 1)
d. a unique solution in (−∞, ∞)
75. Let the function f (x) = 2x3 + (2p − 7)x2 + 3(2p − 9)x − 6 have a maxima for some value (+1)
of x < 0 and a minima for some value of x > 0 Then, the set of all values of p is
a. ( 92 , ∞)

b. (0, 92 )
c. (− 92 , 92 )

d. (−∞, 92 )
76. Two parabolas with a common vertex and with axes along x-axis and y-axis, (+1)
respectively, intersect each other in the first quadrant. If the length of the latus
rectum of each parabola is 3, then the equation of the common tangent to the two
parabolas is :
a. 4(x + y) + 3 = 0
b. 3(x + y) + 4 = 0
c. 8(2x + y) + 3 = 0
d. x + 2y + 3 = 0
77. In a given data set mean of 40 observations is 50 and standard deviation is 12. Two (+1)
readings which were 20 and 25, were mistakenly taken as 40 and 45. Find correct
variance of data set
a. 169
b. 150
c. 178
d. 180
78. Two dice are thrown independently Let A be the event that the number appeared (+1)
on the 1st die is less than the number appeared on the 2nd die, B be the event that
the number appeared on the 1st die is even and that on the second die is odd, and
C be the event that the number appeared on the 1st die is odd and that on the 2nd
is even Then :
a. A and B are mutually exclusive
b. the number of favourable cases of the events A, B and C are 15, 6 and 6
respectively
c. B and C are independent
d. the number of favourable cases of the event (A ∪ B) ∩ C is 6
79. Let the image of the point P (2, −1, 3) in the plane x + 2y − z = 0 be Q Then the (+1)
distance of the plane 3x + 2y + z + 29 = 0 from the point Q is
a. 2 14
22 2
b. 7

c. 3 14
24 2
d. 7

80. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion (1 − 2 x)50
(+1)
is
a. 1 50
2
(3 )
b. 1 50
2
(3 + 1)
c. 1 50
2
(3 − 1)
d. 1 50
2
(2 + 1)
81. If sum of all the solutions of the equation 8 cos x. (cos ( π6 + x) . cos ( π6 − x) − 12 ) = 1 in [0, π] (+1)
is kπ , then k is equal to :
a. 2
3

b. 13
9

c. 8
9

d. 20
9

82. If x = 2cosec−1 t and y =

2sec−1 t(∣t∣ ≥ 1) , then

dy
dx
is equal to : (+1)
a. y
x

b. x
y

c. − xy
d. − xy
1 + 2 − 3 + 4 + 5 − 6 + … + (3n − 2) + (3n − 1) − 3n
83. The value of lim is : (+1)
2n4 + 4n + 3− n4 + 5n + 4

n→∞
a. 3( 2 + 1)
b. 3
2(
2 + 1)
2 +1
c. 2

d. 3
2 2

84. The area (in s units) of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the end points (+1)
x2 y2
of the latera recta to the ellipse 9
+ 5

= 1 , is:
27
a. 4

b. 18
27
c. 2

d. 27
85. The locus of the mid points of the chords of the circle C1 : (x − 4)2 + (y − 5)2 = 4 (+1)
which subtend an angle θ i at the centre of the circle C1 , is a circle of radius ri If
θ1 =
π
3
, θ3
= 2π
3
and r12 = r22 + r32 ,
then θ 2 is equal to

a. π
2

b. π
4

c. π
6

d. 3π
4

86. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers. Define two binary relations on N as (+1)
R1 = {(x, y)ϵN × N : 2x + y = 10} and R2 = {(x, y)ϵN × N : x + 2y = 10} . Then :

a. Range of R1 is {2, 4, 8}
b. Range of R2 is {1, 2, 3, 4}
c. Both R1 and R2 are symmetric relations
d. Both R1 and R2 are transitive relations

87. Let A be a point on the x -axis Common tangents are drawn from A to the curves (+1)
x + y = 8 and y = 16x If one of these tangents touches the two curves at Q and R ,
2 2 2
then (QR)2 is equal to
a. 76
b. 81
c. 72
d. 64
88. The integral ∫ xdx

2−x2 + 2−x2

equals (+1)
a. log ∣∣1 +
2 + x2 ∣∣ + c
b. −log ∣∣1 + 2 − x2 ∣∣ + c

c. −x log ∣∣1 − 2 − x2 ∣∣ + c
d. x log ∣∣1 − 2 + x2 ∣∣ + c

89. The normal to the curve y(x − 2)(x − 3) = x + 6 at the point where the curve (+1)
intersects the y-axis passes through the point :
a. ( 12 , 12 )

b. ( 12 , − 13 )

c. ( 12 , 13 )

d. (− 12 , − 12 )

90. The mean of five observations is 5 and their variance is 9.20. If three of the given five (+1)
observations are 1, 3 and 8 , then a ratio of other two observations is :
a. 4:09
b. 6:07
c. 5:08
d. 10:03
91. A hyperbola, having the transverse axis of length 2 sin θ is confocal with the ellipse (+1)
3x + 4y = 12 . Its equation is
2 2
a. x2 sin2 θ − y 2 cos2 θ = 1
b. x2 cosec2 θ − y 2 sec2 θ = 1
c. (x2 + y 2 ) sin2 θ = 1 + y 2
d. x2 cosec2 θ = x2 + y 2 sin2 θ
92. Let a1 , a2 , a3 , … be an AP If a7 = 3 , the product a1 a4 is minimum and the sum of its first
(+1)
n terms is zero, then n! − 4an(n+2) is equal to :
a. 381
4

b. 9
c. 33
4

d. 24
93. Let a and b are roots of x2 – 7x – 1 = 0. The value of a21 +b21 +a17 +b17
a19 +b19
is? (+1)
a. 29
b. 49
c. 53
d. 51
94. The minimum number of elements that must be added to the relation R = (+1)
{(a, b), (b, c)} on the set {a, b, c} so that it becomes symmetric and transitive is :
a. 3
b. 7
c. 4
d. 5
95. If ABCD is a parallelogram, vector AB = 2i + 4j - 5k and vector AD = i + 2j + 3k, then (+1)

the unit vector in the direction of BD is
a. 1 ^ ^j ^)
− 8k
√69 ( + 2
i
b. 1 ^ ^j ^)
− 8k
69 ( + 2
i
c. 1 ^
−i ^)
− 2^j + 8k
√69 (

1 ^
d. 69
(−i
− 2^j + 8k
^)
96. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, the set A = {x ≥ 0 : (+1)
tan−1 (2x) + tan−1 (3x) = π4 }
a. is an empty set
b. Contains more than two elements
c. Contains two elements
d. is a singleton
97. Let a circle C1 be obtained on rolling the circle x2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y + 11 = 0 upwards 4

(+1)
units on the tangent T to it at the point (3, 2) Let C2 be the image of C1 in T Let A

and B be the centers of circles C1 and C2 respectively, and M and N be

respectively the feet of perpendiculars drawn from A and B on the x -axis. Then
the area of the trapezium AMNB is:
a. 2(2 + 2)
b. 2(1 + 2)
c. 4(1 + 2)
d. 3 + 2 2
98. If (21)18 + 20·(21)17 + (20)2 · (21)16 + ……….. (20)18 = k (2119 – 2019) then k = (+1)
a. 21
20

b. 1
c. 20
21

d. 0
99. A vector v in the first octant is inclined to the x -axis at 60′ , to the y -axis at 45 and to (+1)
the z -axis at an acute angle If a plane passing through the points ( 2, −1, 1) and

(a, b, c) , is normal to v , then
a. 2a − b + c = 1

b. a + 2b + c = 1

c. 2a + b + c = 1

d. a + b + 2c = 1

 0 be in r.If α and β are the roots of the equation, then x2-x+2 λ =0 and α and
100. let λ = (+1)
γ are the roots of the equation, 3x2-10x+27 λ =0,then βγ
λ

=?
a. 36
b. 27
c. 9
d. 18
101. The number of solutions of cos4θ – 2cos2θ + 3sin6θ + 1 = 0 in [0,2π] is (+1)
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
sin2 x
102. lim equals : (+1)
2 − 1 + cos x

x→0
a. 2 2
b. 4 2
c. 2
d. 4
2
103. Let Z be the set of integers. If A = {x ∈ Z : 2(x+2)(x −5x+6)} = 1 and B = { x ∈ Z : −3 < (+1)
2x − 1 < 9} , then the number of subsets of the set A × B , is :
a. 218
b. 210
c. 215
d. 212
104. For a positive integer n , if the mean of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (+1)
(a + b) 2n−3
is 16, then n is equal to :
a. 5
b. 7
c. 9
d. 4
∣1 + sin2 x cos2 x sin 2x ∣

105. Let f (x) = sin x

2 2
1 + cos x sin 2x , x ∈ [ π6 , π3 ] If α and β respectively are the

(+1)
2
∣ sin x cos2 x 1 + sin 2x∣
maximum and the minimum values of f , then
a. β 2 + 2 α =
19
4

b. α2 + β 2 = 9
2

c. α2 − β 2 = 4 3
d. β 2 − 2 α =
19
4

2
+ 𝑦2 = 1 to the
2
106. Let 'd' be the perpendicular distance from the centre of the ellipse 𝑥 (+1)
2
𝑎 𝑏
tangent drawn at a point P on the ellipse. If F1 and F are two foci of the ellipse, then
(PF1 - PF) 2 is equal to;
2
a. (A) 41 - 𝑏2
𝑑
2 2
b. (B) 4𝑎 1 - 𝑏2 Your Answer
𝑑
c. (C) 4𝑏2 1 - 𝑎2
2
d. (D) None of these
107. Let a1 = 1, a2 , a3 , a4 , … be consecutive natural numbersThen tan−1 ( 1+a11 a2 ) +

(+1)
tan−1 ( 1+a12 a3 ) + … + tan−1 ( 1+a2021

1
a2022 ) is equal to
a. cot−1 (2022) − π
4

b. π
4
− cot−1 (2022)
c. tan−1 (2022) − π
4

d. π
4
− tan−1 (2022)
108. For two groups of 15 sizes each, mean and variance of first group is 12, 14 (+1)
respectively, and second group has mean 14 and variance of σ2. If combined
variance is 13 then find variance of second group?
a. 9
b. 11
c. 10
d. 12
109. Let A = [aij ] 2×2 be a matrix and A2 = I where aij 

= 0 . If a sum of diagonal elements

(+1)
and b=det(A), then 3a2 + 4b2 is
a. 10
b. 12
c. 4
d. 8
x
110. If ϕ(x) = 1
x
∫ π (4 2 sin t − 3ϕ′ (t)) dt, x > , then ∅′ ( π4 ) is equal to :
(+1)

4
4
a. 6+ π

b. 8
6+ π

8
c. π

d. 4
6− π

Aptitude
111. If the third day of the month was Monday, then which day will fall on fourth day after (+1)
21 st ?
a. Wednesday
b. Tuesday
c. Friday
d. Monday
112. Select a figure from amongst the four alternatives that when placed in the blank (+1)
space (?) of figure X will complete the pattern. (Rotation is not allowed).
a.
b.
c.
d.
113. A piece of paper is folded and cut as shown below in the question figure. From the (+1)
given answer figures, indicate how it will appear when opened.
a.
b.
c.
d.
114. C hoose the mirror image of the following figure along the XY axis. (+1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
115. Consider a square sheet of side 1 unit. The sheet is first folded along the main (+1)
diagonal. This is followed by a fold along its line of symmetry. The resulting folded
shape is again folded along its line of symmetry. The area of each face of the final
folded shape, in square units, equal to _____.
1
a.
4

1
b.
8

1
c.
32

1
d.
16

116. Select the correct mirror image of the given combination when the mirror is placed (+1)
at 'PQ' at shown.
a.
b.
c.
d.
117. Today is Thursday. What will be the 96th day after today? (+1)
a. Tuesday
b. Wednesday
c. Thursday
d. Friday
118. Given below are two statements 1 and 2, and two conclusions I and II. (+1)
Statement 1: All entrepreneurs are wealthy.
Statement 2: All wealthy are risk seekers.
Conclusion I: All risk seekers are wealthy.
Conclusion II: Only some entrepreneurs are risk seekers.
Based on the above statements and conclusions, which one of the following options
is CORRECT?
a. Only conclusion II is correct
b. Neither conclusion I nor II is correct
c. Both conclusion I and II are correct
d. Only conclusion I is correct
119. Ms. X came out of a building through its front door to find her shadow due to the (+1)
morning sun falling to her right side with the building to her back. From this, it can be
inferred that building is facing __________
a. South
b. North
c. East
d. West
120. Direction: In the question below are given three statements followed by (+1)
two conclusions I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if
they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions
and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given
statements disregarding commonly known facts.
Statements:
I. No red is black.
II. All black are grey.
III. No grey is blue.
Conclusions:
I. Certainly some red are blue.
II. Certainly no blue is red.
a. Neither I nor II follows
b. Only II follows
c. Either I or II follows
d. Both I and II follow

English
121. Read the passage and answer questions. (+1)
Independence by Chitra Banerjee Diwakaruni binds the reader in a spell. The
narration is beguilingly informal and taut, while the story line is immense yet
immediate. It is extremely rate that an author is established such a spontaneous
rapport with an unknown reader. With this novel, Divakaruni family marks her
territory among the foremost storytellers of this nation and of her destiny.
Independent tells the story of the birth of modern India. The demand for separate
Islamic nation by Mohammad Ali jinnah-led Muslim League led to the Direct Action
Day in August 1946. Shows of force by 2 communal groups escalated into a
bloodbath in Kolkata, the fires of which rapidly spread to other places. Today this is
India's one enduring political legacy and the horrors of partition are so profound
that no survivor uttersits full description.
Diwakaruni's work of fiction is set in these uneasy times. Ranipur a small nondiscript
village tucked away on the banks of River Sarasi, forms the backdrop to the deep
friendship between the wealthy landlord Somnath Babu and Dr Nabakumar
Ganguly, whose families are forever entwind by tragedy and the pain of loss. The
cost of character is sparse yet weaves a heartbreaking tale of an entire region's
history. What makes the narrative seep under the skin of the reader is that it is
fundamentally a paean to love in the wake of which comes a churn human
emotions-anger, rejection, jealousy-boundaries that may be broken or defeated by
elation strength, responsibility, devastation and a reason to live despite it all. It is
what binds this cast of characters and what wrecks their lives. So many tragedies
could have been averted but the human heart longs for what it longs for and
nothing may change that each character, spare and yet rendered almost in flesh, is
luminous. Even the villains reach out the menace pages with the deaths and their
are for too many of them are brutal. Each underlines the devastation of that
moment in time and also the devastation being committed to an idea or cause
may bring. The inferno of partition is not shied away from and it is extraordinary how
the engaging style of writing sustains both the historic and the domestic, the
catastrophic and the intimate.
Diwakaruni's work of fiction is set in these "uneasy times". The underlined phrase is
an example of
a. Metaphor
b. Hyperbole
c. Transferred Epithet
d. Allusion

emotions-anger, rejection, jealousy-boundaries that may be broken or defeated
by elation strength, responsibility, devastation and a reason to live despite it all. It is
nothing may change that each character, spare and yet rendered almost in flesh,
is luminous. Even the villains reach out the menace pages with the deaths and their
may bring. The inferno of partition is not shied away from and it is extraordinary
how the engaging style of writing sustains both the historic and the domestic, the
According to passage, the novel Independence tasks about

A. Partition of Indian subcontinent
B. Process of dicolinization
C. Demand for separate Muslim state
D. Birth of modern India
Choose the appropriate answer from the options given below:
a. A Only
b. All the above
c. A & C Only
d. B & D Only

Besed on your understanding, pick the most appropriate option from below:
a. The author has not try to romanticize the topic of partition
b. The author has tried to complicate the issue of partition by showing two
many deaths
c. The author has tried to challenge the history of partition through her
linguistic style
d. Both (A) and (B)

The expression "seep under the skin" could mean:
a. It is stimulates the curiosity of reader
b. Keeps the reader emotionally invested
c. Keeps the reader physically involved
d. Causes a sensory overload to the reader
125. Choose the one word for the following: (+1)

“Possessing unlimited powers.”
a. Omniscient
b. Omnipotent
c. Omnipresent
d. Omnicompetent
Answers
1. Answer: a
Explanation:
The balanced condition of Wheatstone bridge is

X (100 − l1 ) = Y × l1

Given l1 = 39.5cm; Y = 12.5□ . Therefore,

X(100 − 39.5) = 12.5(39.5)

⇒ X(60.5) = 12.5(39.5)
12.5×39.5
⇒X= 60.5
= 8.16Ω
Now, if X and Y are interchanged then balanced condition of Wheatstone bridge
becomes
Y (100 − l2 ) = Xl2

In this condition, Y = 12.5□; X = 8.16 . Therefore,

12.5 (100 − l1 ) = 8.16l2
⇒ 1250 − 12.5l2 = 8.16l2
⇒ 1250 = 20.66l2
1250
⇒ l2 =

20.66
= 60.6 cm
Concepts:
1. Current Electricity:
Current electricity is defined as the flow of electrons from one section of the circuit to
another.
Types of Current Electricity

There are two types of current electricity as follows:
Direct Current
The current electricity whose direction remains the same is known as direct current.
Direct current is defined by the constant flow of electrons from a region of high electron
density to a region of low electron density. DC is used in many household appliances and
applications that involve a battery.
Alternating Current
The current electricity that is bidirectional and keeps changing the direction of the
charge flow is known as alternating current. The bi-directionality is caused by a
sinusoidally varying current and voltage that reverses directions, creating a periodic
back-and-forth motion for the current. The electrical outlets at our homes and industries
are supplied with alternating current.
2. Answer: a
Explanation:
Light incident from particle P will be reflected at mirror u = −5cm, f = − R2 = −20cm
1 1 1
v
+ u
= f

v1 = + 20
3 cm

This image will act as object for light getting refracted at water surface
So, object distance d = 5 + 20
3 = 35
3 cm
below water surface.
After refraction, final image is at
d′ = d ( μμ21 )

= ( 35
3
) ( 4/3
1
)
35
= 4
= 8.75cm
≈ 8.8cm
Concepts:
1. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments:
Optics, deals with the determination of behaviour and the properties of light, along with
its interactions with the matter and also with the instruments that are used to detect it.
Ray optics is also known as the geometrical optics and it is a branch of science which
describes light propagation.
Reflection is the change in direction of light at an interface in-between two different

media so that the wave-front returns into a medium from which it was originated.
Speed of light is the rate at which the light travels in free space.
A phenomenal change in image formed when the light is passed from one medium to
another which is called Refraction.
Total Internal Reflection is the reflection of light when the light ray enters into a rarer
medium from a denser medium and the angle of incidence is higher than the critical
angle of incidence then that light ray will be reflected back to the denser medium.
Read More: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
3. Answer: c
Explanation:
Ig = 4 × 10−4 × 25 = 10−2 A

2.5 = (50 + R)10−2 ∴ R = 200Ω
Concepts:
1. Moving Charges and Magnetism:
Moving charges generate an electric field and the rate of flow of charge is known as curr
ent. This is the basic concept in Electrostatics. Another important concept related to
moving electric charges is the magnetic effect of current. Magnetism is caused by the
current.
Magnetism:
The relationship between a Moving Charge and Magnetism is that Magnetism is
produced by the movement of charges.
And Magnetism is a property that is displayed by Magnets and produced by moving
charges, which results in objects being attracted or pushed away.
Magnetic Field:
Region in space around a magnet where the Magnet has its Magnetic effect is called the
Magnetic field of the Magnet. Let us suppose that there is a point charge q (moving with a
velocity v and, located at r at a given time t) in presence of both the electric field E (r)
and the magnetic field B (r). The force on an electric charge q due to both of them can
be written as,
F = q [ E (r) + v × B (r)] ≡ E Electric +F magnetic

This force was based on the extensive experiments of Ampere and others. It is called the
Lorentz force.
4. Answer: b
Explanation:
Total energy of the system = kinetic energy + potential energy

Given that amplitude of oscillation is A .
Therefore, energy at extreme point is 12 kA2 = 12 mω 2 A2 .

When electric field is applied, new mean position is

qE
kx = qE ⇒ x = k

Thus, new total energy after electric field is applied is

1
2
mω 2 A2 + 12 kx2

2
= 12 mω 2 A2 + 12 k ( qE

k )
2 2
Total energy = 12 mω 2 A2 +
1q E
2 k

Concepts:
1. Electric charges and field:
What is Electric Charge

It is the property of subatomic particles that experiences a force when put in an electric
and magnetic field.
What is Electric Field

It is a property associated with each point in space when charge is present in any form.
The magnitude and direction of the electric field are expressed by E, called electric field
strength or electric field intensity.
Electric charges are of two types: Positive and Negative. It is commonly carried by
charge carriers protons and electrons.
Properties of Electric Charge

Various properties of charge include the following :-
Additivity of Electric Charge

Conservation of Electric Charge
Quantization of Electric Charge
Types of electric charge
Two kinds of electric charges are there :-
Negative Charge - When an object has a negative charge it means that it has more
electrons than protons.
Positive Charge - When an object has a positive charge it means that it has more
protons than electrons.
When there is an identical number of positive and negative charges, the negative and
positive charges would cancel out each other and the object would become neutral.
5. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct option is (B): 16

25
W
g ′ = [ gxR2
25
R2
]
16

g ′ = 16
25

W ′ = 16W 25

Concepts:
1. Gravitation:
In mechanics, the universal force of attraction acting between all matter is known as
Gravity, also called gravitation, . It is the weakest known force in nature.
Newton’s Law of Gravitation

According to Newton’s law of gravitation, “Every particle in the universe attracts every
other particle with a force whose magnitude is,
F ∝ (M1M2) . . . . (1)
(F ∝ 1/r 2) . . . . (2)
On combining equations (1) and (2) we get,
F ∝ M1M2/r 2
F = G × [M1M2]/r 2 . . . . (7)
Or, f(r) = GM1M2/r 2
The dimension formula of G is [M-1L3T -2].
6. Answer: b
Explanation:
τ = RC = 100 × 103 × 250 × 10−12 s

2.5 × 10−5 s
The higher frequency which can be detected with tolerable distortion is
1 1
f= 2πma RC
= 2π ×0.6 ×2.5

× 10 −5
Hz
100×10 4
25×1.2π
= Hz

= 1.2π × 104 Hz
4

= 10.61kHz
Concepts:
1. Communication Systems:
A system that describes the information exchange between two points is called the
communication system. The transmission and reception process of information is called
communication. The major elements of communication are such as:
The Transmitter of information

Channel or medium of communication
The Receiver of information
Examples Of Communication Systems:
The following are the examples of communication systems:
1. Internet
2. Public Switched Telephone network
3. Intranet and Extranet
4. Television
Types Of Communication Systems:

Turning on Signal specification or technology, the communication system is categorized
as follows:
1. Analog technology communicates data as electronic signals of differing frequencies

or amplitude. For instance Broadcast and telephone transmission.
2. In Digital technology, the data are created and processed in two states: High
(represented as 1) and Low (represented as 0). Also this technology stores and
transmits data in the form of 1's and 0's.
Elements of a Communication System:
7. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

A: Torque ⇒ IV : kg m2 s-2
B: Energy density ⇒ I : kg m-1 s-2
C: Pressure gradient ⇒ III : kg m-2 s-2
D: Impulse ⇒ II : kg ms-1
Concepts:
1. Units and Measurement:
Unit:
A unit of a physical quantity is an arbitrarily chosen standard that is broadly
acknowledged by the society and in terms of which other quantities of similar nature may
be measured.
Measurement:
The process of measurement is basically a comparison process. To measure a physical
quantity, we have to find out how many times a standard amount of that physical
quantity is present in the quantity being measured. The number thus obtained is known as
the magnitude and the standard chosen is called the unit of the physical quantity.
Read More: Fundamental and Derived Units of Measurement
System of Units:
1. CGS system
2. FPS system
3. MKS system
4. SI units
Types of Units:
Fundamental Units -
The units defined for the fundamental quantities are called fundamental units.
Derived Units -
The units of all other physical quantities which are derived from the fundamental units
are called the derived units.
8. Answer: b
Explanation:
x = 3t2 + 5
v= dx
dt

v = 6t + 0
at t = 0 v = 0
t = 5 sec v = 30 m/s
W.D. = Δ KE
2
W.D. = 12 mv 2 − 0 =

1
2
(2) (30) = 900J
Concepts:
1. Work, Energy and Power:
Work:
Work is correlated to force and the displacement over which it acts. When an
object is replaced parallel to the force's line of action, it is thought to be doing work.
It is a force-driven action that includes movement in the force's direction.
The work done by the force is described to be the product of the elements of the
force in the direction of the displacement and the magnitude of this displacement.
Energy:
A body's energy is its potential to do tasks. Anything that has the capability to work
is said to have energy. The unit of energy is the same as the unit of work, i.e., the
Joule.
There are two types of mechanical energy such as; Kinetic and potential energy.
Read More: Work and Energy
Power:
Power is the rate at which energy is transferred, conveyed, or converted or the rate
of doing work. Technologically, it is the amount of work done per unit of time. The SI
unit of power is Watt (W) which is joules per second (J/s). Sometimes the power of
motor vehicles and other machines is demonstrated in terms of Horsepower (hp),
which is roughly equal to 745.7 watts.
Power is a scalar quantity, which gives us a quantity or amount of energy consumed
per unit of time but with no manifestation of direction.
9. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct option is (A): Isothermal

Concepts:
1. Thermodynamics:
Thermodynamics in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature, and
their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter.
Important Terms
System
A thermodynamic system is a specific portion of matter with a definite boundary on

which our attention is focused. The system boundary may be real or imaginary, fixed or
deformable.
There are three types of systems:
Isolated System – An isolated system cannot exchange both energy and mass with
its surroundings. The universe is considered an isolated system.
Closed System – Across the boundary of the closed system, the transfer of energy
takes place but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place. Refrigerators and
compression of gas in the piston-cylinder assembly are examples of closed
systems.
Open System – In an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred
between the system and surroundings. A steam turbine is an example of an open
system.
Thermodynamic Process
A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some energetic change

within the system that is associated with changes in pressure, volume and internal
energy.
There are four types of thermodynamic process that have their unique properties, and
they are:
Adiabatic Process – A process in which no heat transfer takes place.

Isochoric Process – A thermodynamic process taking place at constant volume is
known as the isochoric process.
Isobaric Process – A process in which no change in pressure occurs.
Isothermal Process – A process in which no change in temperature occurs.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in equilibrium
with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with
each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The First law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy,

adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing three kinds of transfer of energy,
as heat, as thermodynamic work, and as energy associated with matter transfer, and
relating them to a function of a body's state, called internal energy.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second law of thermodynamics is a physical law of thermodynamics about heat and
loss in its conversion.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics states, regarding the properties of closed systems in

thermodynamic equilibrium: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value when
its temperature approaches absolute zero.
10. Answer: b
Explanation:
Centre of mass after the collision will be at O . Therefore, 2m L6 = m L3
Now, using conservation of angular momentum, we get 2m L6 × v + m L3 × 2v = Iω

[8m 12 + m ( L3 ) ] ω
2 2 2
Therefore, 2m L6 × v + m L3 × 2v =
L
+ 2m ( L6 )

⇒ ( L6 + 13 ) 2mv = [8m 12 ]ω
2 2 2
2mL

L
+
36
+ mL
9

3L
⇒ 6 × 2mV = 56 mL2 ω
⇒ Lmv = 56 mL2 ω
6Lmv
⇒ω= 5mL2
6 v
⇒ω= 5L

Concepts:
1. System of Particles and Rotational Motion:
1. The system of particles refers to the extended body which is considered a rigid bod
y most of the time for simple or easy understanding. A rigid body is a body with a
perfectly definite and unchangeable shape.
2. The distance between the pair of particles in such a body does not replace or alter.
Rotational motion can be described as the motion of a rigid body originates in such
a manner that all of its particles move in a circle about an axis with a common
angular velocity.
3. The few common examples of rotational motion are the motion of the blade of a
windmill and periodic motion.
11. Answer: b
Explanation:
0.1?400?(500 − T ) = 0.5 × 4200 × (T − 30) + 800(T − 30)

⇒ 40(500 − T ) = (T − 30)(2100 + 800)
⇒ 20000 − 40T = 2900T − 30?2900
⇒ 20000 + 30 × 2900 = T (2940)
T = 30.4∘ C
ΔT 6.4
T
× 100 = 30
× 100
≃ 20 %
Concepts:
1. Thermal Properties of Matter:
Anything that has mass or occupies space in the universe is commonly known as matter.
There are five properties of matters namely chemical, mechanical, thermal, dimensional,
and physical properties.
Read More: Thermal Properties of Matter
Heat Capacity:
The quantity of heat needed to change the temperature of the matter by 1° is known as
the heat capacity of a material. The temperature is indicated in kelvin or Celsius and the
amount of heat is shown in calories or joules. Specific heat capacity or molar heat
capacity is used to calculate the heat capacity of the matter with the stated dimension.
Linear expansion is the situation when change takes place in one dimension or
dimensional.
Thermal Expansion:
When heat is passed through the material, the change in the area, volume, and shape is
recognized as the thermal expansion property of the material. The expansion of the
railway tracks due to maximal heat which leads to accidents is an example of thermal
expansion.
Thermal Conductivity:
This property is interconnected to the conductivity of heat. The amount of heat

regulated by the material is directly proportional to the conductivity of the material. Not
all objects have the capacity to conduct heat throughout their bodies. Insulators are
such objects which do not have the property to conduct heat throughout their body.
Thermal Stress:
The stress due to thermal contraction or expansion of the body is known as thermal
stress. The explosion of materials takes place due to thermal stress which is dangerous.
The cracks on the truck tyres are caused by an outcome of thermal stress. Trucks at
high speed generate heat which is caused by the friction of the truck tyres and the road
surface.
12. Answer: a
Explanation:
Correct option is (A)
XL= 2πf L

⇒ XL∝ f
1
⇒ XL
∝ f1

i.e., graph between XL1and f will be a hyperbola.
Concepts:
1. AC Voltage:
When voltage changes its direction after every half cycle is known as alternating
voltage. The current flows in the circuit at that time are known as alternating current.
The alternating current(AC) follows the sine function which changes its polarity
concerning time. Most of the electrical devices are operating on the ac voltage.
13. Answer: b
Explanation:
70
v= T
μ
= 70×10 −3
= 100m/s
Concepts:
1. Waves:
Waves are a disturbance through which the energy travels from one point to another.
Most acquainted are surface waves that tour on the water, but sound, mild, and the
movement of subatomic particles all exhibit wavelike properties. inside the most
effective waves, the disturbance oscillates periodically (see periodic movement) with a
set frequency and wavelength.
Types of Waves:
Transverse Waves -
Waves in which the medium moves at right angles to the direction of the wave.
Examples of transverse waves:
Water waves (ripples of gravity waves, not sound through water)

Light waves
S-wave earthquake waves
Stringed instruments
Torsion wave
The high point of a transverse wave is a crest. The low part is a trough.
Longitudinal Wave -
A longitudinal wave has the movement of the particles in the medium in the same
dimension as the direction of movement of the wave.
Examples of longitudinal waves:
Sound waves
P-type earthquake waves
Compression wave
14. Answer: a
Explanation:
Velocity of 1 kg block just before it collides with 3 kg block = 2gh =

2000m/s

Applying momentum conversation just before and just after collision.

2000
1× 2000 = 4v ⇒ v =

4 m/s

initial compression of spring

1.25 × 106 x0 = 30 ⇒ x0 ≈ 0

applying work energy theorem,

Wg + Wsp = ΔKE

1
⇒ 40 × x + 2
× 1.25 × 106 (02 − x2 )
1
=0− 2
× 4 × v2
solving x ≈ 4 cm
Concepts:
1. Oscillations:
Oscillation is a process of repeating variations of any quantity or measure from its equilib
rium value in time . Another definition of oscillation is a periodic variation of a matter
between two values or about its central value.
The term vibration is used to describe the mechanical oscillations of an object. However,
oscillations also occur in dynamic systems or more accurately in every field of science.
Even our heartbeats also creates oscillations. Meanwhile, objects that move to and fro
from its equilibrium position are known as oscillators.
Read More: Simple Harmonic Motion
Oscillation- Examples
The tides in the sea and the movement of a simple pendulum of the clock are some of
the most common examples of oscillations. Some of examples of oscillations are
vibrations caused by the guitar strings or the other instruments having strings are also
and etc. The movements caused by oscillations are known as oscillating movements. For
example, oscillating movements in a sine wave or a spring when it moves up and down.
The maximum distance covered while taking oscillations is known as the amplitude. The
time taken to complete one cycle is known as the time period of the oscillation. The
number of oscillating cycles completed in one second is referred to as the frequency
which is the reciprocal of the time period.
15. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct option is (C)
Concepts:
1. Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic Induction is a current produced by the voltage production due to a

changing magnetic field. This happens in one of the two conditions:-
1. When we place the conductor in a changing magnetic field.

2. When the conductor constantly moves in a stationary field.
Formula:
The electromagnetic induction is mathematically represented as:-
e=N × d∅.dt
Where
e = induced voltage
N = number of turns in the coil
Φ = Magnetic flux (This is the amount of magnetic field present on the surface)
t = time
Applications of Electromagnetic Induction

1. Electromagnetic induction in AC generator
2. Electrical Transformers
3. Magnetic Flow Meter
16. Answer: d
Explanation:
Since height of water column is constant

therefore, water inflow rate (Qin )
= water outflow rate

Qin = 10−4 m3 s −1

Qout = Au = 10−4 ×
2gh

10−4 = 10−4 20 × h

1
h= 20
m
h = 5cm
∴ correct answer is (4)
Concepts:
1. Mechanical Properties of Fluid:
The science of the mechanical properties of fluids is called Hydrostatics. A fluid is a

substance that relents to the slightest pressure. Fluids are categorized into two classes
famed by the names of liquids, and elastic fluids or gases, which later comprehend the
air of the atmosphere and all the different kinds of air with which chemistry makes us
acquainted.
Streamline Flow:
A streamline is a curve the tangent to which at any point provides the direction of the
fluid velocity at that point. It is comparable to a line of force in an electric or magnetic
field. In steady flow, the pattern of the streamline is motionless or static with time, and
therefore, a streamline provides the actual path of a fluid particle.
Tube of Flow:
A tubular region of fluid enclosed by a boundary comprises streamlines is called a tube

of flow. Fluid can never cross the boundaries of a tube of flow and therefore, a tube of
flow acts as a pipe of the same shape.
Surface Tension and Viscosity:
The surface tension of a liquid is all the time a function of the solid or fluid with which the
liquid is in contact. If a value for surface tension is provided in a table for oil, water,
mercury, or whatever, and the contacting fluid is unspecified, it is safe to consider that
the contacting fluid is air.
17. Answer: c
Explanation:
Pi = N m ∪ î P f = −N mvi^

N is Number of balls strikes with wall

N = 100
Δ P = P f − P i = −2N mvi^

^
= −200N mi^^
F Total =
ΔP
Δt = − 200mvt
t
200mv
∣F ∣ = t

Concepts:
1. Laws of Motion:
The laws of motion, which are the keystone of classical mechanics, are three
statements that defined the relationships between the forces acting on a body and its
motion. They were first disclosed by English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s 1st law states that a body at rest or uniform motion will continue to be at rest
or uniform motion until and unless a net external force acts on it.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Newton's 2nd law of motion deals with the relation between force and acceleration.
According to the second law of motion, the acceleration of an object as built by a net
force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as
the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton's 3rd law of motion states when a body applies a force on another body that
there is an equal and opposite reaction for every action.
18. Answer: d
Explanation:
∵ = kA dT
dθ
dt

dx

( dθdt )
k = dT

A( dx )

[M L2 T −3 ]
[k] = [L2 ][KL−1 ]
= ⌊M LT −3 K −1 ⌋
Concepts:
1. Physical World:
The physical world includes the complications of the natural world around us. It is a type
of analysis of the physical world around us to understand how it works. The fundamental
forces that control nature are:
Gravitational Force is a universal force that exists as an outcome of mutual

attraction between any two objects with respect to their masses.
Electromagnetic Force can be understood as the force that is present between
the charged particles. The force is stated by Coulomb’s law.
Strong Nuclear Force is the force that ties the protons and neutrons in a nucleus. Of
all the elemental forces in nature, a strong nuclear force is the strongest as its
name suggests.
Weak Nuclear Force can only be noticed in some of the nuclear processes such as
the beta decay of the nucleus.
19. Answer: a
Explanation:
3C
q = ( C+3 )E
q = CV
q∝C
3C
q2 = ( C+3
) E ( 23 )

2C
q2 =
( C+3 )E

q2 =

( 1+2c3 ) E
q = CV
C

C ↑ q2 ↑
If C → ∞, q = constant value.
Concepts:
1. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance:
Electrostatic Potential
The potential of a point is defined as the work done per unit charge that results in
bringing a charge from infinity to a certain point.
Some major things that we should know about electric potential:
They are denoted by V and are a scalar quantity.

It is measured in volts.
Capacitance
The ability of a capacitor of holding the energy in form of an electric charge is defined as
capacitance. Similarly, we can also say that capacitance is the storing ability of
capacitors, and the unit in which they are measured is “farads”.
Read More: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
The capacitor is in Series and in Parallel as defined below;
In Series
Both the Capacitors C1 and C2 can easily get connected in series. When the capacitors a
re connected in series then the total capacitance that is Ctotal is less than any one of
the capacitor’s capacitance.
In Parallel
Both Capacitor C1 and C2 are connected in parallel. When the capacitors are connected
parallelly then the total capacitance that is Ctotal is any one of the capacitor’s
capacitance.
20. Answer: c
Explanation:
The direction of propogation of an EM wave is direction of E × B .

^
î = ^j × B

⇒ B ^ =k^
6
C= E
B
⇒B= E
C
= 3×10 8

B = 2 × 10−8 T along z direction.
Concepts:
1. Electromagnetic waves:
The waves that are produced when an electric field comes into contact with a
magnetic field are known as Electromagnetic Waves or EM waves. The constitution of an
oscillating magnetic field and electric fields gives rise to electromagnetic waves.
Types of Electromagnetic Waves:

Electromagnetic waves can be grouped according to the direction of disturbance in
them and according to the range of their frequency. Recall that a wave transfers
energy from one point to another point in space. That means there are two things going
on: the disturbance that defines a wave, and the propagation of wave. In this context
the waves are grouped into the following two categories:
Longitudinal waves: A wave is called a longitudinal wave when the disturbances in

the wave are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. For example,
sound waves are longitudinal waves because the change of pressure occurs
parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
Transverse waves: A wave is called a transverse wave when the disturbances in the
wave are perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction of propagation of the
wave.
21. Answer: c
Explanation:
U = 12 mw2 x2

mvx = nh
2π

2
mv
x
= mw2 x
v = wx
x2 ∝ n
x∝ n
So, the correct option is (C): n
Concepts:
1. Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom:
Niels Bohr introduced the atomic Hydrogen model in 1913. He described it as a positively
charged nucleus, comprised of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a negatively
charged electron cloud. In the model, electrons orbit the nucleus in atomic shells. The
atom is held together by electrostatic forces between the positive nucleus and negative
surroundings.
Read More: Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom
Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom and Hydrogen-like Atoms

A hydrogen-like atom consists of a tiny positively-charged nucleus and an electron
revolving around the nucleus in a stable circular orbit.
Bohr's Radius:
If 'e,' 'm,' and 'v' be the charge, mass, and velocity of the electron respectively, 'r' be the
radius of the orbit, and Z be the atomic number, the equation for the radii of the
permitted orbits is given by r = n2 ｘr 1, where 'n' is the principal quantum number, and r 1 is
the least allowed radius for a hydrogen atom, known as Bohr's radius having a value of
0.53 Å.
Limitations of the Bohr Model

The Bohr Model was an important step in the development of atomic theory. However, it
has several limitations.
1. Bohr’s model of the atom failed to explain the Zeeman Effect (effect of magnetic fi
eld on the spectra of atoms).
2. It failed to explain the Stark effect (effect of electric field on the spectra of atoms).
3. The spectra obtained from larger atoms weren’t explained.
4. It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
22. Answer: a
Explanation:
First order decay

N (t) = N0 e−λt
Given N (t)/N0 = 9/16 = e−λt
Now, N (t/2) = N0 e−λt/2
N (t/2)
N0
= e−λt
= 9/16
N (t/2) = 3/4N0
Concepts:
1. Nuclei:
In the year 1911, Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus along with his associates. It is
already known that every atom is manufactured of positive charge and mass in the
form of a nucleus that is concentrated at the center of the atom. More than 99.9% of
the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus. Additionally, the size of the atom is of the
order of 10-10 m and that of the nucleus is of the order of 10-15 m.
Read More: Nuclei

Following are the terms related to nucleus:
1. Atomic Number
2. Mass Number
3. Nuclear Size
4. Nuclear Density
5. Atomic Mass Unit
23. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : gR

Loss in PE = Gain in KE
1 2
(− GM
2R ) − (− R ) = 2 mv
m

GM m

⇒ v2 = GM
R = gR
⇒v= gR
Concepts:
1. Motion in a straight line:
The motion in a straight line is an object changes its position with respect to its
surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. It is a change in the position of an
object over time. It is nothing but linear motion.
Types of Linear Motion:
Linear motion is also known as the Rectilinear Motion which are of two types:
1. Uniform linear motion with constant velocity or zero acceleration: If a body travels
in a straight line by covering an equal amount of distance in an equal interval of
time then it is said to have uniform motion.
2. Non-Uniform linear motion with variable velocity or non-zero acceleration: Not like
the uniform acceleration, the body is said to have a non-uniform motion when the
velocity of a body changes by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time. The rate
of change of its velocity changes at different points of time during its movement.
24. Answer: b
Explanation:
P2 A = P1 A + mg

nRT.A
Aℓ2
= nRT.A
Aℓ2
+ mg
nRT ( ℓ12 −

1
ℓ1
)
= mg
m = nRT
g ( ℓℓ11.ℓℓ22 )

Concepts:
1. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases:
Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Gases consist of particles in constant, random motion. They continue in a straight

line until they collide with each other or the walls of their container.
Particles are point masses with no volume. The particles are so small compared to
the space between them, that we do not consider their size in ideal gases.
Gas pressure is due to the molecules colliding with the walls of the container. All of
these collisions are perfectly elastic, meaning that there is no change in energy of
either the particles or the wall upon collision. No energy is lost or gained from
collisions. The time it takes to collide is negligible compared with the time between
collisions.
The kinetic energy of a gas is a measure of its Kelvin temperature. Individual gas
molecules have different speeds, but the temperature and
kinetic energy of the gas refer to the average of these speeds.
The average kinetic energy of a gas particle is directly proportional to the
temperature. An increase in temperature increases the speed in which the gas
molecules move.
All gases at a given temperature have the same average kinetic energy.
Lighter gas molecules move faster than heavier molecules.
25. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : 15

vy =
2gh =
200
vnet = 25 + 200 =
225

= 15 m/s
Concepts:
1. Motion in a straight line:
The motion in a straight line is an object changes its position with respect to its
surroundings with time, then it is called in motion. It is a change in the position of an
object over time. It is nothing but linear motion.
Types of Linear Motion:
Linear motion is also known as the Rectilinear Motion which are of two types:
1. Uniform linear motion with constant velocity or zero acceleration: If a body travels
in a straight line by covering an equal amount of distance in an equal interval of
time then it is said to have uniform motion.
2. Non-Uniform linear motion with variable velocity or non-zero acceleration: Not like
the uniform acceleration, the body is said to have a non-uniform motion when the
velocity of a body changes by unequal amounts in equal intervals of time. The rate
of change of its velocity changes at different points of time during its movement.
26. Answer: a
Explanation:
vf
= 93

vi

∵ Density remains same

So, mass ∝ Volume
mf
mi
= 93

( Area )f
( Area )i
=
92
( Mass )×g
Stress = Area

( mfi ) ( AAfi )
σ2 m
=

σ1

3
9
= 92
=9
Concepts:
1. Mechanical Properties of Solids:
Mechanical properties of solids intricate the characteristics such as the resistance to

deformation and their strength. Strength is the ability of an object to resist the applied
stress, to what extent can it bear the stress.
Therefore, some of the mechanical properties of solids involve:
Elasticity: When an object is stretched, it changes its shape and when we leave, it
retrieves its shape. Or we can say it is the property of retrieving the original shape
once the external force is removed. For example Spring
Plasticity: When an object changes its shape and never attains its original shape
even when an external force is removed. It is the permanent deformation
property. For example Plastic materials.
Ductility: When an object is been pulled in thin sheets, wires or plates, it will be
assumed that it has ductile properties. It is the property of drawing into thin
wires/sheets/plates. For example Gold or Silver
Strength: The ability to hold out applied stress without failure. Many types of
objects have higher strength than others.
27. Answer: d
Explanation:
Voltage across R1 is given by

VR1 = V − Vz = 15 − 10 = 5V . Resistance R1 = 500 Ω

Concepts:
1. Semiconductors:
Semiconductors are a crystalline solid materials, whose electrical conductivity lies

between a conductor and an insulator. Semiconductors are mainly used in the
manufacturing of electronic devices like capacitors, transistors, diodes, Integrated
circuits, etc.
Properties of Semiconductor:
1. Semiconductor acts like an insulator at Zero Kelvin. On increasing the temperature,
it works as a conductor.
2. Due to their exceptional electrical properties, semiconductors can be modified by
doping to make semiconductor devices suitable for energy conversion, switches,
and amplifiers.
3. Lesser power losses.
Uses of Semiconductor:
1. Semiconductors are widely used in manufacturing electronics devices like
transistors, diodes, sensors, integrated circuits.
2. Semiconductors are widely used in all electronic devices, like mobile phones, digital
cameras, communication devices, trains, ATMs, etc.
28. Answer: d
Explanation:
qvB
a= m

ma m
B = ma =

qv 2k

m3/2 a (1.6×10−27 )3/2 ×1012

= e 2k

= 1.6×10 −19 2×1×10 6 ×1.6×10 −19

= 0.71 m T
Concepts:
1. Magnetic Field:
The magnetic field is a field created by moving electric charges. It is a force field that
exerts a force on materials such as iron when they are placed in its vicinity. Magnetic
fields do not require a medium to propagate; they can even propagate in a vacuum. Ma
gnetic field also referred to as a vector field, describes the magnetic influence on
moving electric charges, magnetic materials, and electric currents.
A magnetic field can be presented in two ways.

Magnetic Field Vector: The magnetic field is described mathematically as a vector
field. This vector field can be plotted directly as a set of many vectors drawn on a
grid. Each vector points in the direction that a compass would point and has length
dependent on the strength of the magnetic force.
Magnetic Field Lines: An alternative way to represent the information contained
within a vector field is with the use of field lines. Here we dispense with the grid
pattern and connect the vectors with smooth lines.
Properties of Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic field lines never cross each other
The density of the field lines indicates the strength of the field
Magnetic field lines always make closed-loops
Magnetic field lines always emerge or start from the north pole and terminate at
the south pole.
29. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct option is (B) : 6.28 × 10−4 m

mv sin60 ∘
R= qB

2πm
T− qB K.E = − 12 mv 2

pitch = v cosθ × ( 2πm

qB )

2K
M

=v
2K 1 2πm
M × 2 × qB

= π
eB .
2Km = 1.6×10 3.14
−19 ×1 × 2 × 2 × (1.6)2 × 10−46
3.14
= 1.6×10 −19
× 2 × 1.6 × 10−23

= 6.28 × 10−4 m
Concepts:
1. Magnetism & Matter:
Magnets are used in many devices like electric bells, telephones, radio, loudspeakers,
motors, fans, screwdrivers, lifting heavy iron loads, super-fast trains, especially in foreign
countries, refrigerators, etc.
Magnetite is the world’s first magnet. This is also called a natural magnet. Though
magnets occur naturally, we can also impart magnetic properties to a substance. It
would be an artificial magnet in that case.
Read More: Magnetism and Matter
Some of the properties of the magnetic field lines are:
The lines and continuous and outside the magnet, the field lines originate from the
North pole and terminate at the South pole
They form closed loops traversing inside the magnet.
But here the lines seem to originate from the South pole and terminate at the
North pole to form closed loops.
More number of close lines indicate a stronger magnetic field
The lines do not intersect each other
The tangent drawn at the field line gives the direction of the field at that point.
30. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct option is (B): 5A

2

Anet = A2 + A2
4

4A2 +A2
Anet = 4

5A2
Anet = 4

Concepts:
1. Motion in a Plane:
It is a vector quantity. A vector quantity is a quantity having both magnitude and

direction. Speed is a scalar quantity and it is a quantity having a magnitude only. Motion
in a plane is also known as motion in two dimensions.
Equations of Plane Motion
The equations of motion in a straight line are:
v=u+at
s=ut+½ at 2
v2-u2=2as
Where,
v = final velocity of the particle

u = initial velocity of the particle
s = displacement of the particle
a = acceleration of the particle
t = the time interval in which the particle is in consideration
31. Answer: c
Explanation:
Relation between intensities is IR = ( I20 )cos 2 (45∘ )

1
= I0
2

× 2
= I0
4

Therefore, The correct answer is (C) : I0

4

Concepts:
1. Wave Optics:
Wave optics are also known as Physical optics which deal with the study of various
phenomena such as polarization, interference, diffraction, and other occurrences
where ray approximation of geometric optics cannot be done. Thus, the section of
optics that deals with the behavior of light and its wave characteristics is known to
be wave optics.
In wave optics, the approximation is carried out by utilizing ray optics for the
estimation of the field on a surface. Further, it includes integrating a ray-estimated
field over a mirror, lens, or aperture for the calculation of the transmitted or
scattered field.
Wave optics stands as a witness to a famous standoff between two great scientific
communities who devoted their lives to understanding the nature of light. Overall,
one supports the particle nature of light; the other supports the wave nature.
Sir Isaac Newton stood as a pre-eminent figure that supported the voice of particle
nature of light, he proposed a corpuscular theory which states that “light consists
of extremely light and tiny particles, called corpuscles which travel with very high
speeds from the source of light to create a sensation of vision by reflecting on the
retina of the eye”.
32. Answer: d
Explanation:
Hmax =
v2

2g
= 136 m
v2
Rmax =

g
= 2Hmax
= 2(136)
= 272 m
Hence, the correct option is (D):272 m
Concepts:
1. Motion in a Plane:
It is a vector quantity. A vector quantity is a quantity having both magnitude and

direction. Speed is a scalar quantity and it is a quantity having a magnitude only. Motion in
a plane is also known as motion in two dimensions.
Equations of Plane Motion
The equations of motion in a straight line are:
v=u+at
s=ut+½ at 2
v2-u2=2as
Where,
v = final velocity of the particle

u = initial velocity of the particle
s = displacement of the particle
a = acceleration of the particle
t = the time interval in which the particle is in consideration
33. Answer: b
Explanation:
Frequency of sitar string A, f1 = 425 Hz . Frequency of sitar string B, f2 = (425 ± 5)Hz , that

is, either 420 Hz or 430 Hz . On increasing tension in string B , its frequency will increase as
n∝ T , where T is tension. If 430 Hz is correct, then on increasing tension number of

beats should have increased. But, the number of beats has decreased. It means 420 Hz is
correct. On increasing tension, frequency increases from 420 Hz to 422 Hz and number of
beats is 3.
Concepts:
1. Simple Harmonic Motion:
Simple Harmonic Motion is one of the most simple forms of oscillatory motion that
occurs frequently in nature. The quantity of force acting on a particle in SHM is exactly
proportional to the displacement of the particle from the equilibrium location. It is given
by F = -kx, where k is the force constant and the negative sign indicates that force
resists growth in x.
This force is known as the restoring force, and it pulls the particle back to its equilibrium
position as opposing displacement increases. N/m is the SI unit of Force.
Types of Simple Harmonic Motion
Linear Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a particle moves to and fro about a fixed point (called equilibrium position) along
with a straight line then its motion is called linear Simple Harmonic Motion. For Example
spring-mass system
Conditions:
The restoring force or acceleration acting on the particle should always be proportional
to the displacement of the particle and directed towards the equilibrium position.
– displacement of particle from equilibrium position.

– Restoring force
- acceleration
Angular Simple Harmonic Motion:
When a system oscillates angular long with respect to a fixed axis then its motion is
called angular simple harmonic motion.
Conditions:
The restoring torque (or) Angular acceleration acting on the particle should always be
proportional to the angular displacement of the particle and directed towards the
equilibrium position.
Τ ∝ θ or α ∝ θ
Where,
Τ – Torque
α angular acceleration
θ – angular displacement
34. Answer: d
Explanation:
As λ is increased, there will be a value of λ above which photoelectron will cease to

come out. So, photocurrent will be zero.
Concepts:
1. Photoelectric Effect:
When light shines on a metal, electrons can be ejected from the surface of the metal in
a phenomenon known as the photoelectric effect. This process is also often referred to
as photoemission, and the electrons that are ejected from the metal are called
photoelectrons.
Photoelectric Effect Formula:

According to Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect :
The energy of photon = energy needed to remove an electron + kinetic energy of the
emitted electron
i.e. hν = W + E
Where,
h is Planck’s constant.
ν is the frequency of the incident photon.
W is a work function.
E is the maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons: 1/2 mv².
Laws of Photoelectric Effect:

1. The photoelectric current is in direct proportion to the intensity of light, for a light
of any given frequency; (γ > γ Th).
2. There exists a certain minimum (energy) frequency for a given material, called
threshold frequency, below which the discharge of photoelectrons stops
completely, irrespective of how high the intensity of incident light is.
3. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons increases with the increase in
the frequency (provided frequency γ > γ Th exceeds the threshold limit) of the
incident light. The maximum kinetic energy is free from the intensity of light.
4. The process of photo-emission is an instantaneous process.
35. Answer: a
Explanation:
We know that:
μ2
Range R = g
sin 2θ
R is maximum for 2θ = 90o
⇒ θ = 45o
So, the correct option is (A): (A) and (R) both are true and (R) is correct explanation of
(A).
Concepts:
1. Projectile Motion:
Projectile
A projectile is an object set in flight by applying an external force. The projectile may be
thrown up vertically or at an angle to the horizontal. It may be dropped from a position
of rest. The only force acting on the projectile during its motion along the flight path is
the gravitational force and it is in motion due to its own inertia.
Examples of projectile are: a ball hit by a bat, bullet fired from a gun, shell launched from
a launcher, bomb dropped from a plane, etc. It must be noted that a rocket or a missile
cannot be considered as a projectile as they are propelled by power.
Trajectory path/ projectile motion

When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved
path under constant acceleration that is directed towards the centre of the earth (we
assume that the particle remains close to the surface of the earth). The path of such a
particle is called a projectile and the motion is called projectile motion or trajectory mot
ion.
In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:
1. Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion
of the particle.
2. Along y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards)
motion of the particle.
Acceleration in the horizontal projectile motion and vertical projectile motion of a

particle: When a particle is projected in the air with some speed, the only force acting
on it during its time in the air is the acceleration due to gravity (g). This acceleration acts
vertically downward. There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, which means
that the velocity of the particle in the horizontal direction remains constant.
The types of Projectile Motion Formula are:
Horizontal Distance – x = Vx0t

Horizontal Velocity – Vx = Vx0
Vertical Distance, y – Vy0t – ½ gt 2
Vertical Velocity, Vy – Vy0 – gt
36. Answer: d
Explanation:
ΔTf = Kf m
where m = molality
273 - 268= 1.86 x w
M ×V

5 = 1.86 × w
32×10

5×32×10
W = 1.86
= 860.2 ≈ 868.06g
Concepts:
1. Solutions:
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components in which the particle

size is smaller than 1 nm.
For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be
categorized into several components.
Types of Solutions:
The solutions can be classified into three types:
Solid Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Solid-state.

Liquid Solutions- In these solutions, the solvent is in a Liquid state.
Gaseous Solutions - In these solutions, the solvent is in a Gaseous state.
On the basis of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent, solutions are divided into the
following types:
1. Unsaturated Solution- A solution in which more solute can be dissolved without

raising the temperature of the solution is known as an unsaturated solution.
2. Saturated Solution- A solution in which no solute can be dissolved after reaching a
certain amount of temperature is known as an unsaturated saturated solution.
3. Supersaturated Solution- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum
amount at a certain temperature is known as a supersaturated solution.
37. Answer: d
Explanation:
On adding inert gas at constant volume the total pressure of the system is increased,
but the partial pressure of each reactant and product remains the same. Hence no
effect on the state of equilibrium.
Concepts:
1. Equilibrium:
An equilibrium represents a state in a process when the observable properties such as

color, temperature, pressure, concentration etc do not show any change.
The word equilibrium means ‘balance’ which indicates that a chemical reaction
represents a balance between the reactants and products taking part in the reaction.
The equilibrium state is also noticed in certain physical processes such as the melting po
int of ice at 0℃, both ice and water are present at equilibrium.
In the case of physical processes such as the melting of solid, dissolution of salt in water
etc., the equilibrium is called physical equilibrium while the equilibrium associated with
chemical reaction is known as chemical equilibrium.
Equilibrium in Chemical changes

The chemical equilibrium in a reversible reaction is the state at which both forward and
backward reactions occur at the same speed.
The stage of the reversible reaction at which the concentration of the reactants and
products do not change with time is called the equilibrium state.
Read More: Calculating Equilibrium Concentration
Types of Chemical Equilibrium

There are two types of chemical equilibrium:
Homogeneous Equilibrium
Heterogeneous Equilibrium
Homogenous Chemical Equilibrium
In this type, the reactants and the products of chemical equilibrium are all in the same
phase. Homogenous equilibrium can be further divided into two types: Reactions in which
the number of molecules of the products is equal to the number of molecules of the
reactants. For example,
H2 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ 2HI (g)

N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2NO (g)
Reactions in which the number of molecules of the products is not equal to the total
number of reactant molecules. For example,
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)

COCl2 (g) ⇌ CO (g) + Cl2 (g)
Heterogeneous Chemical Equilibrium
In this type, the reactants and the products of chemical equilibrium are present in
different phases. A few examples of heterogeneous equilibrium are listed below.
CO2 (g) + C (s) ⇌ 2CO (g)

CaCO3 (s) ⇌ CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Thus, the different types of chemical equilibrium are based on the phase of the
reactants and products.
Check Out: Equilibrium Important Questions
38. Answer: c
Explanation:
Xenon undergo sp3 hybridization.

In the fourth excited state xenon atom, has 8 unpaired electrons
One s and three p orbital undergo sp3 hybridization. Four sp3 hybrid orbitals form four a
bonds with oxygen atoms. They are σsp3 − p . Four pπ − dπ bonds are also formed with
oxygen atoms by the unpaired electrons.
Concepts:
1. P-Block Elements:
P block elements are those in which the last electron enters any of the three p-
orbitals of their respective shells. Since a p-subshell has three degenerate p-
orbitals each of which can accommodate two electrons, therefore in all there are
six groups of p-block elements.
P block elements are shiny and usually a good conductor of electricity and heat as
they have a tendency to lose an electron. You will find some amazing properties of
elements in a P-block element like gallium. It’s a metal that can melt in the palm of
your hand. Silicon is also one of the most important metalloids of the p-block group
as it is an important component of glass.
P block elements consist of:
Group 13 Elements: Boron family

Group 14 Elements: Carbon family
Group 15 Elements: Nitrogen family
Group 16 Elements: Oxygen family
Group 17 Elements: Fluorine family
Group 18 Elements: Neon family
39. Answer: b
Explanation:
In the Hall-Heroult process the cathode is made of carbon.
Concepts:
1. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements:
What are Ores and Minerals?
Minerals are the naturally occurring, homogeneous inorganic solid substances. They are
having a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure, hardness and color. For
example, copper pyrite, calamine, etc.
Impurities in an ore are called gauge. The removal of a gauge from the ore is called
concentration ore.
Several steps are involved in the extraction of pure metal from ores. Major steps are as
follows –
Concentration of the ore

Isolation of the metal from its concentrated ore
Purification of the metal
40. Answer: b
Explanation:
CX HY + (x + Y4 )O2 → xCO2 + Y2 H2 O

15 mL 15(x+ y4 )mL

15 x mL
20
VO2 =

100
× 375 = 75 mL = 15(x + 4y )
y
⇒ x +4 =5
⇒ C3 H8
Concepts:
1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry:
Chemistry is a vast subject and for understanding its significance we can

take help of following points:
Chemistry plays an important role in understanding various subjects like physics,

geology and biology.
Chemistry is a core branch of science that explains us about the various
compositional properties and interaction of matter. It also helps to understand
various chemical reactions.
Chemistry is important in order to understand the behaviour of fertilizers, alkenes,
acids, salts, dyes, polymers, drugs, soaps and alloys in organic and inorganic chemis
try.
Chemistry plays an important role in various fields like healthcare, industrial,
research, food, and farm activities.
Read More: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

Classification of Matter
There are two ways of classifying the matter:
(A) Physical Classification:
Matter can exist in three physical states:
1. Solids - have definite volume and definite shape

2. Liquids - have definite volume but not definite shape.
3. Gases - have neither definite volume nor definite shape.
(B) Chemical Classification:
Based upon the composition, matter can be divided into two main types:
1. Pure Substances are defined as a single substance (or matter) which cannot be
separated by simple physical methods. Pure substances can be further classified
as (i) Elements (ii) Compounds
2. Mixtures are the combination of two or more elements or compounds which are
not chemically combined together and may also be present in any proportion.
41. Answer: a
Explanation:
Sulphide is −ve charged colloid so cation with maximum charge will be most effective for
coagulation.
Al 3+ > Ba2+ > N a+ coagulating power.
Concepts:
1. Surface Chemistry:
The study of the chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two surfaces which
can be solid-liquid, solid-gas, solid-vacuum, liquid-gas, etc.
Read Also: Surface Chemistry
Applications of surface chemistry are:

Adsorption:
The process of attraction and aggregation of the molecules of a substance on the
surface of a solid is known as adsorption. For Example, N2 adsorbs on the surface of
activated charcoal
Two types of adsorption are:-
Chemisorption: It is also known as Chemical Adsorption.

Physisorption: It is also known as Physical Adsorption.
Corrosion:
The process through which the refined metals convert themselves into more stable
compounds is known as corrosion.
Crystallisation:
The type of technique used in order to purify the substances to separate Solids from
liquids is known as crystallisation.
Heterogeneous Catalysis:
The process wherein a catalyst is used in order to increase the rate of a chemical
reaction is known as catalysis. The catalyst does not undergo any transformation and
can be recovered in a chemically unchanged state.
There are two types of catalysis:-
When the catalyst involved and the reacting substances are same states of matter
or in the same phase, it is known as Homogeneous Catalysis.
When the catalyst involved and the reacting substances are in different states of
matter or different phases, it is known as Heterogeneous Catalysis.
42. Answer: c
Explanation:
The formula of Wilkinson's catalyst is RhCl (PP h3 )3 . It has square planar geometry with

dsp2 hybridisation.
Concepts:
1. Coordination Compounds:
A coordination compound holds a central metal atom or ion surrounded by various

oppositely charged ions or neutral molecules. These molecules or ions are re-bonded to
the metal atom or ion by a coordinate bond.
Coordination entity:
A coordination entity composes of a central metal atom or ion bonded to a fixed

number of ions or molecules.
Ligands:
A molecule, ion, or group which is bonded to the metal atom or ion in a complex or
coordination compound by a coordinate bond is commonly called a ligand. It may be
either neutral, positively, or negatively charged.
43. Answer: d
Explanation:
Explanation:
Given:Ionisation potential of the H-atom = 13.6𝑒𝑉We have to find out the longest
wavelength needed to remove an electron from the first Bohr's orbit of He+
ion.According to Bohr's model of an atom, the energy of a hydrogen-like ion is given as:
−18 𝑍2
𝐸𝑛 = − 2.18 × 10 ( 2 )𝐽 / atomwhere Z = Nuclear charge (equal to atomic number )n =
𝑛
No. of the orbitIonisation potential (I.P) is given as:𝐼 ⋅ 𝑃 = 𝐸∞ − 𝐸𝑛
2 −18 2
= 0 − [ −2.18 × 10−18 ( 𝑍2 )]𝐽 = 2.18 × 10 ( 𝑍2 )𝐽 / atom.....(i)For hydrogen atom, I.P.
𝑛 𝑛
−19 −19 −19
= 13.6eV = 13.6 × 1.6 × 10 𝐽(𝐴𝑠, 1𝑒𝑉 = 1.6 × 10 𝐽) = 21.76 × 10 𝐽For He+ ion,Number of
the orbit, n = 1Atomic number, Z of He+ ion = 2Substituting values in equation (i), we
−18 22 −18
getI.E = 2.18 × 10 ( 12 )𝐽 = 8.72 × 10 𝐽Now,According to Planck's quantum theory of
ℎ𝑐 ....(ii)where, −34
radiation, energy is givenas:𝐸 = 𝜆 ℎ = Planck's constant = 6.63 × 10 𝐽𝑠c =
8
Speed of light = 3 × 10 m / s𝜆 = WavelengthSubstituting the values in equation (ii), we
−18 −34
6.63 × 10
8
× 3 × 10
−34
6.63 × 10
8
× 3 × 10 −8 −10
get8.72 × 10 = 𝜆 𝜆max = −18 = 2.2809 × 10 m = 228.09 × 10 mÅÅ
8.72 × 10
−10
= 228.09Å (𝐴𝑠, 1Å = 10 𝑚)Hence, the correct option is (D).
44. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct option is(C): 3-Hydroxy-4 -methylpentanoic acid
The given compound is a carboxylic acid with a hydroxy group and a methyl group
attached to its carbon chain. To determine its IUPAC name, let's break down the
structure and identify the substituents:
1. The main carbon chain contains five carbons, so it's a pentanoic acid.
2. There is a hydroxy group (-OH) attached to the third carbon. This is indicated by
the prefix "hydroxy" and the position number "3."
3. There is a methyl group (-CH3) attached to the fourth carbon. This is indicated by
the prefix "methyl" and the position number "4."
Putting it all together, the IUPAC name of the compound is "3-Hydroxy-4-

methylpentanoic acid."
Justification:
"3" indicates the position of the hydroxy group.

"Hydroxy" indicates the presence of the hydroxy group.
"4" indicates the position of the methyl group.
"Methyl" indicates the presence of the methyl group.
"Pentanoic acid" indicates the main carbon chain and the carboxylic acid
functional group.
45. Answer: d
Explanation:
Electronic configuration of H2 2− = (σs 2 ) (σ∗ s 2 )

Bond order of H22⊖ =

Nb −Na

2

= 2−2
2
= 0.
If a bond order of zero is obtained, that means that the molecule is too unstable and so
it will not exist.
Hence, H22⊖ does not exit, due to zero bond order.

Concepts:
1. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure:
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that
holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which
holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is
called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:

There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield
compounds.
Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer
of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of
chemical bonding.
Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and
hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally
since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and
away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:

Size of the Atom
Multiplicity of Bonds
Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
Bond Angle
46. Answer: a
Explanation:
Veronal is neurological medicine, Prontosil is antibiotic, rest all are disinfectants.

So, the correct option is (A): A, B, E
Concepts:
1. Chemistry in Everyday Life:

The scientific study of matter’s properties and behaviour is known as chemistry. It is a
natural science that studies the elements that makeup matter, as well as the
compounds, made up of atoms, molecules, and ions: their composition, structure,
qualities, and behaviour, as well as the changes that occur when they mix with other
things.
Importance of Chemistry in Food - Chemicals are the fundamental components of

everything. Chemical molecules make up all food, including carbs, vitamins, lipids,
proteins, and fibre, which are all safe and often desirable.
Importance of Chemistry in Medicines - Medicines or pharmaceuticals are
chemical substances that are used to treat diseases and relieve pain. Chemistry
has made significant contributions to health care. Chemistry, for example, aids in
the manufacture and application of surgical materials.
Importance of Chemistry in Cosmetics - In our daily lives, we use lotions,
fragrances, talcum powder, and a variety of other cosmetic goods. All of these
items are developed in laboratories using chemicals for our health and skin.
Importance of Chemistry in Soaps and Detergents - Soaps are sodium and
potassium salts of fatty acids with greater molecular weights, such as stearic acid,
palmitic acid, and oleic acid. Sodium salts of long-chain alkyl hydrogen sulphates or
sodium salts of long-chain alkyl benzene sulphonic acids are commonly used as
detergents.
47. Answer: d
Explanation:
hydrogen bond is dipole-dipole intraction
Concepts:
1. States of Matter:
The matter is made up of very tiny particles and these particles are so small that we
cannot see them with naked eyes.
There are three States of Matter:

The three states of matter are as follows:
Solid State:
The solid-state is one of the fundamental states of matter.

Solids differ from liquids and gases by the characteristic of rigidity.
The molecules of solids are tightly packed because of strong intermolecular forces;
they only oscillate about their mean positions.
Liquid State:
The molecules in a liquid are closely packed due to weak intermolecular forces.
These forces are weaker than solids but stronger than that of gases.
There is much space in between the molecules of liquids which makes their flowing
ability easy.
Gaseous State:
In this state of matter, distances between the molecules are large (intermolecular
distance is in the range of 10-7 -10-5 cm.
The intermolecular forces experienced between them are negligible.
Thus, translatory, rotatory and vibratory motions are observed prominently in
gases.
48. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Amines are organic compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more
alkyl or aryl groups. They are weak bases and react with acids to form salts.
The strength of a base is measured by its pKb value, which is the negative logarithm of
its base dissociation constant (Kb). The higher the pKb value, the weaker the base.
List I contains the names of different amines, while List II contains their respective pKb
values.
To match the amines with their correct pKb values, we need to compare their
structures and the effects of the different alkyl or aryl groups attached to the nitrogen
atom on their basicity.
Concepts:
1. Amines:
Amine is a type of compound which is derived from ammonia (NH3). According to

Organic chemistry, they are basically classified as the functional groups of the organic
nitrogen compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with a lone pair.
Amine - Types
Primary Amines:
It is formed when one hydrogen atom in ammonia is substituted by an alkyl or aromatic

group. Amino acids and methyl amine are the best examples that why aromatic amines
include aniline.
Secondary Amines:
Amines that have two organic substitutes either alkyl or aryl ones or both and are
bound to the nitrogen together with one hydrogen are termed as secondary amines.
For Example, Dimethylamine.
Tertiary Amines:
Tertiary Amines are the amines where the nitrogen consists of three organic
substitutes. For example, Trimethylamine and EDTA.
49. Answer: d
Explanation:
Tyrosine is not an essential amino acid. While it is an important amino acid in the body, it
is considered non-essential because it can be synthesized from the essential amino acid
phenylalanine. The essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the
body and must be obtained from the diet.
So, the correct option is (D): Tyrosine.
Concepts:
1. Biomolecules:
Biomolecules are the most essential organic molecules, which are involved in the
maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms. These non-living molecules
are the actual foot-soldiers of the battle of sustenance of life.
There are four major classes of Biomolecules – Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic acids
and Lipids.
1. Carbohydrates are chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or

compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.
2. Proteins are another class of indispensable biomolecules, which make up around
50per cent of the cellular dry weight. Proteins are polymers of amino acids
arranged in the form of polypeptide chains. The structure of proteins is classified
as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary in some cases.
3. Nucleic acids refer to the genetic material found in the cell that carries all the
hereditary information from parents to progeny. There are two types of nucleic
acids namely, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The main
function of nucleic acid is the transfer of genetic information and synthesis of
proteins by processes known as translation and transcription.
4. Lipids are organic substances that are insoluble in water, soluble in organic
solvents, are related to fatty acids and are utilized by the living cell.
50. Answer: d
Explanation:
The decomposition reaction is
We know a = 50 mm Hg At t = t50 min .a − x + 2x + 12 x = 87.5 a + 32 x = 87.5 32 x = 87.5 − 50 =

37.5 ⇒ x = 37.5×2
3 = 25 For first
order reaction, kt = 2.303 log ( a−x
a
) At 50 min, kt =
50
2.303 log ( 50−25 ) kt = 2.303 log 2
⇒k= 2.303×0.3010
50
At 100 min kt = 2.303 log ( a−y
a
) 100 ×
2.303×0.3010
50
= 2.303 log ( a−y
50
) 2 × 0.3010 = log ( a−y
50
)
50
a−y
=4 a−y = 50
4
= 12.5 50 − y = 12.5 ⇒
y = 37.5 Therefore, total pressure at 100min can be calculated as Total pressure = a −
y + 2y + 12 y = a + 32 y = 50 +

3
2

× 37.5 = 106.25 mm Hg
Concepts:
1. Chemical Kinetics:
Chemical kinetics is the description of the rate of a chemical reaction. This is the rate at
which the reactants are transformed into products. This may take place by abiotic or
by biological systems, such as microbial metabolism.
Rate of a Chemical Reaction:

The speed of a reaction or the rate of a reaction can be defined as the change in
concentration of a reactant or product in unit time. To be more specific, it can be
expressed in terms of: (i) the rate of decrease in the concentration of any one of the
reactants, or (ii) the rate of increase in concentration of any one of the products.
Consider a hypothetical reaction, assuming that the volume of the system remains
constant. R → P
Read More: Chemical Kinetics MCQ
Factors Affecting The Reaction Rate:

The concentration of Reactants - According to collision theory, which is discussed
later, reactant molecules collide with each other to form products.
Nature of the Reactants - The reaction rate also depends on the types of
substances that are reacting.
Physical State of Reactants - The physical state of a reactant whether it is solid,
liquid, or gas can greatly affect the rate of change.
Surface Area of Reactants - When two or more reactants are in the same phase
of fluid, their particles collide more often than when either or both are in the solid
phase or when they are in a heterogeneous mixture. In a heterogeneous medium,
the collision between the particles occurs at an interface between phases.
Compared to the homogeneous case, the number of collisions between reactants
per unit time is significantly reduced, and so is the reaction rate.
Temperature - If the temperature is increased, the number of collisions between
reactant molecules per second. Increases, thereby increasing the rate of the
reaction.
Effect Of Solvent - The nature of the solvent also depends on the reaction rate of
the solute particles.
Catalyst - Catalysts alter the rate of the reaction by changing the reaction
mechanism.
51. Answer: a
Explanation:
In case of 'Be' electron remove from '2s' orbital while in case of 'B' electron remove from
'2p' orbital. '2s' orbital have greater penetration effect then '2p' orbitals. So 'Be' having
more I.E. then 'B'
Concepts:
1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes - Classification:
Classification of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are as follows:
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are Classified on the Basis of the Number of Halogen Atoms:
These are further classified as mono, di, or polyhalogen (tri-,tetra-, etc.) compounds
depending on whether they contain one, two or more halogen atoms in their structures.
For example;
Monohaloalkane
Dihaloalkane
Trihaloalkane
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are Classified on Compounds Containing sp3 C—X Bond (X=
F, Cl, Br, I)
This class includes:
Alkyl halides or haloalkanes (R—X)

Allylic halides
Benzylic halides
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are Classified on Compounds Containing sp2 C—X Bond
This class includes:
Vinylic halides
Aryl halides
52. Answer: a
Explanation:
2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu
The stability of Cu2+ (aq) rather than Cu+ (aq) , is due to the much more negative Δhyd H of

Cu2+ (aq) than Cu+ (aq) , which more than compensates for the second ionisation
enthalpy of Cu .
Concepts:
1. d block elements:
The elements, in the columns of the periodic table in which d subshells are being
occupied are known as d block elements.
These are the elements that have the capability of forming stable cations with
incompletely filled d orbitals. Elements like mercury and Zinc are not considered
transition metals because they have electronic configurations: (n-1)d10 ns2. These
elements have filled d-orbitals in their ground state and, therefore, even in some of their
oxidation states.
General Properties Of d-Block Elements

Multiple oxidation states- The oxidation states of d block elements show very few
energy gaps; therefore, they exhibit many oxidation states. Also, the energy
difference between s and d orbital is very less. Therefore both the electrons are
involved in ionic and covalent bond formation, which ultimately leads to multiple
oxidation states.
Formation of complex compounds- Ligands show a binding behaviour and can
form so many stable complexes with the help of transition metals. This property is
mainly due to:
Availability of vacant d orbitals.
Comparatively small sizes of metals.
Hardness- Transition elements are tough and have high densities because of the
presence of unpaired electrons.
Melting and boiling points- Melting and boiling points of transition are very high. This
is because of the presence of unpaired electrons and partially filled d orbitals.
Because of these two things, they form strong bonds and therefore have high
melting and boiling points.
Atomic radii- The atomic and ionic radius of the transition elements decreases as
we move from Group 3 to group 6. However, it remains the same between group 7
and group 10, and from group 11 to group 12 increases.
Ionization enthalpy- The ionization enthalpies of the transition elements are
generally on the greater side as compared to the S block elements
53. Answer: a
Explanation:
Correct answer is (a)
Concepts:
1. Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids:
Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids are carbonyl compounds that contain a
carbon-oxygen double bond. These organic compounds are very important in the field
of organic chemistry and also have many industrial applications.
Aldehydes:
Aldehydes are organic compounds that have the functional group -CHO.
Preparation of Aldehydes
Acid chlorides are reduced to aldehydes with hydrogen in the presence of palladium
catalyst spread on barium sulfate.
Ketones:
Ketones are organic compounds that have the functional group C=O and the structure
R-(C=O)-R’.
Preparation of Ketones
Acid chlorides on reaction with dialkyl cadmium produce ketones. Dialkyl cadmium
themselves are prepared from Grignard reagents.
Carboxylic Acid:
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a (C=O)OH group attached to an
R group (where R refers to the remaining part of the molecule).
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
Primary alcohols are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids with common oxidizing agents
such as potassium permanganate in neutral acidic or alkaline media or by potassium
dichromate and chromium trioxide in acidic media.
54. Answer: c
Explanation:
pH of rain water is approximate 5.6
Concepts:
1. Acids and Bases:
Acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton

(hydrogen ion) to another substance. Base is an ion or molecule capable of accepting a
hydrogen ion from acid.
Physical Properties of Acids and Bases

Physical Properties ACIDS BASES
Taste Sour Bitter
Colour on Litmus paper Turns blue litmus red Turns red litmus blue
Ions produced on dissociation H+ OH-
pH <7 (less than 7) >7 (more than 7)
Strong acids HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 NaOH, KOH
Weak Acids CH3COOH, H3PO4 , H2CO3 NH4OH
Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

Type of Reaction Acid Bases
Base + Metal → Salt +

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
Hydrogen gas (H2)
gas (H2)
E.g.,
Reaction with Metals E.g.,
2NaOH +Zn →
Zn(s)+ dil. H2SO4 → ZnSO4 (Zinc
Na2ZnO2 (Sodium
Sulphate) + H2
zincate) + H2
Metal carbonate/Metal
hydrogen carbonate + Acid →
Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
E.g., HCl+NaOH → NaCl+ H2O
Reaction with hydrogen 2. Na2CO3+ 2 HCl(aq)

Base+ Carbonate/
carbonates →2NaCl(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) bicarbonate → No
(bicarbonate) and
reaction
carbonates 3. Na2CO3+ 2H2SO4 (aq)
→2Na2SO4 (aq)+ H2O(l) +
CO2(g)
4. NaHCO3+ HCl → NaCl+ H2O+

CO2
Base + Acid → Salt +

Base + Acid → Salt + Water
Water
Neutralisation Reaction E.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →
E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) →
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l)
Reaction with Oxides

Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Non- Metallic oxide +
Water Base → Salt + Water
E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl2 (aq)+ E.g., Ca(OH) 2+ CO2 →
H2O (l) CaCO3+ H2O
Acid gives H+ ions in water.

Base gives OH- ions in
Dissolution in Water E.g., HCl → H+ + Cl-
water.
HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl–
Read more on Acids, Bases and Salts
55. Answer: c
Explanation:
Mg forms basic carbonate
3M gCO3 ⋅ M g(OH)2 ⋅ 3H2 O but no such basic carbonate is formed by Li.

56. Answer: a
Explanation:
(1) M n2+ + 2e → M n; E ∘ = −1.18V ;
ΔG∘1 = −2F (−1.18) = 2.36F

(2) M n3+ + e → M n2+ ; E ∘ = +1.51 V ;
ΔG∘2 = −F (1.51) = −1.51 F

(1) − 2 × (2)
3M n2+ → M n + 2M n3+ ;
ΔG∘3 = ΔG∘1 − 2ΔG∘2

= [2.36 − 2(−1.51)]F
= (2.36 + 3.02)F
= 5.38 F
But ΔG∘3 = −2F E ∘

⇒ 5.38F = −2F E ∘
⇒ E ∘ = −2.69 V
As E ∘ value is negative reaction is non spontaneous
Concepts:
1. Electrochemical Cells:
An electrochemical cell is a device that is used to create electrical energy through the
chemical reactions which are involved in it. The electrical energy supplied to
electrochemical cells is used to smooth the chemical reactions. In the electrochemical
cell, the involved devices have the ability to convert the chemical energy to electrical
energy or vice-versa.
Classification of Electrochemical Cell:
Cathode
Denoted by a positive sign since electrons are consumed here

A reduction reaction occurs in the cathode of an electrochemical cell
Electrons move into the cathode
Anode
Denoted by a negative sign since electrons are liberated here

An oxidation reaction occurs here
Electrons move out of the anode
Types of Electrochemical Cells:
Galvanic cells (also known as Voltaic cells)
Chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy.

The redox reactions are spontaneous in nature.
The anode is negatively charged and the cathode is positively charged.
The electrons originate from the species that undergo oxidation.
Electrolytic cells
Electrical energy is transformed into chemical energy.

The redox reactions are non-spontaneous.
These cells are positively charged anode and negatively charged cathode.
Electrons originate from an external source.
57. Answer: a
Explanation:
∗ Oleic acid is also soluble in N aHCO3
∗ o-toluidine is not soluble in N aOH as well as N aHCO3
∗ Benzamide is also not soluble in N aOH N aHCO3
Concepts:
1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes - Chemical Reactions:
Chemical Reactions go with the breaking and bonding of covalent bonds which involve
of exchange of electrons. The functional groups of Organic compounds play a
consequential role in the process. Based on the above theory, reactions can be
classified into five main groups:
Rearrangement Reactions are the type of reactions in which products get formed
simply by the rearrangement of atoms and electrons in the reactant molecules.
||
NH4 CNO → NH2 –C – NH2
Substitution Reactions are the reactions in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced
by some other atom or group of atoms without any change in the structure of the
remaining part of the molecule.
CH3Br + KOH (aqueous) → CH3OH + KBr
Addition Reactions are the reactions in which products get formed by the addition of
some reagent to an unsaturated compound.
CH2 = CH2 + HCl → CH5Cl
Electrophilic Addition Reactions

Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Free Radical Addition Reactions
Elimination Reactions are the reactions in which the products get formed by the loss of
simple molecules like HX from the reactant molecules.
C2H5OH → C2H4
EN1 (Nucleophilic Elimination Unimolecular)

EN2 (Nucleophilic Elimination Bimolecular)
A polymerization Reaction is the union of two or more molecules of a substance that

form a single molecule with higher molecular weight.
n (CH = CH2) → (-CH2 – CH2 -) n
58. Answer: c
Explanation:
Explanation:
The order of 𝐶 - 𝑂 bond length in the given species can be determined by finding out the
number of bonds between the constituent atoms.The structures of the given species
- +
are as follows:1. 𝐶𝑂: 𝐶 ≡ 𝑂 There is a triple bond between 𝐶 and 𝑂 atoms.2.
2-
𝐶𝑂2 : 𝑂 ≡ 𝐶 = 𝑂There are two double bonds between 𝐶 and 𝑂 atoms.3. 𝐶𝑂3
There is a single, as well as a double-bond, showed between 𝐶 and 𝑂 atoms.From the

above structures, it is clear that bond order for the given compounds increases as:
2-
𝐶𝑂3 < 𝐶𝑂2 < 𝐶𝑂We know that Bond Length ∝ 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑑 1𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 Thus, the increasing order of 𝐶 - 𝑂
2-
bond length is:𝐶𝑂 < 𝐶𝑂2 𝑀 < 𝐶𝑂3 Hence, the correct option is (D).
59. Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the fraction of metal which exists as M 3+ be x .
Then the fraction of metal as M 2+ = (0.98 − x)

∴ 3x + 2(0.98 − x) = 2
x + 1.96 = 2
x = 0.04
∴ % of M 3+ = 0.04
0.98
× 100
= 4.08%
Concepts:
1. Solid State:
Solids are substances that are featured by a definite shape, volume, and high density. In
the solid-state, the composed particles are arranged in several manners. Solid-state, in
simple terms, means "no moving parts." Thus solid-state electronic devices are the ones
inclusive of solid components that don’t change their position. Solid is a state of matter
where the composed particles are arranged close to each other. The composed
particles can be either atoms, molecules, or ions.
Types of Solids:
Based on the nature of the order that is present in the arrangement of their constituent
particles solids can be divided into two types;
Amorphous solids behave the same as super cool liquids due to the arrangement
of constituent particles in short-range order. They are isotropic and have a broad
melting point (range is about greater than 5°C).
Crystalline solids have a fixed shape and the constituent particles are arranged in a
long-range order.
60. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : CaO + H2 O → Ca (OH )2

Due to smaller size of calcium hydration energy will be maximum.
Concepts:
1. Thermodynamics:
Thermodynamics in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature,
and their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter.
Important Terms
System
A thermodynamic system is a specific portion of matter with a definite boundary on

which our attention is focused. The system boundary may be real or imaginary, fixed or
deformable.
There are three types of systems:
Isolated System – An isolated system cannot exchange both energy and mass with
its surroundings. The universe is considered an isolated system.
Closed System – Across the boundary of the closed system, the transfer of energy
takes place but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place. Refrigerators and
compression of gas in the piston-cylinder assembly are examples of closed
systems.
Open System – In an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred
between the system and surroundings. A steam turbine is an example of an open
system.
Thermodynamic Process
A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some energetic change

within the system that is associated with changes in pressure, volume and internal
energy.
There are four types of thermodynamic process that have their unique properties, and
they are:
Adiabatic Process – A process in which no heat transfer takes place.

Isochoric Process – A thermodynamic process taking place at constant volume is
known as the isochoric process.
Isobaric Process – A process in which no change in pressure occurs.
Isothermal Process – A process in which no change in temperature occurs.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in
equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The First law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy,

adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing three kinds of transfer of energy,
as heat, as thermodynamic work, and as energy associated with matter transfer, and
relating them to a function of a body's state, called internal energy.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second law of thermodynamics is a physical law of thermodynamics about heat

and loss in its conversion.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics states, regarding the properties of closed systems in

thermodynamic equilibrium: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value
when its temperature approaches absolute zero.
61. Answer: b
Explanation:
Chlorine has the most negative ΔHeg (–349 kJ/mole) whereas Neon has the most
positive ΔHeg (116 kJ/mole)
Concepts:
1. Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties:
Since many elements were being discovered in the 19th century and the study of these
elements individually was proving difficult, classification of elements was made
necessary.
Classification by Johann Dobereiner - German chemist Johann Dobereiner classified

certain elements on the basis of their similar properties in the groups of continuing -
three elements each. These groups were called ‘triads’. In every triad, the atomic weight
of the middle element was equal to the average of the atomic weights of the first and
third elements.
Newlands Law of Octaves - The elements were arranged in increasing order of their
atomic weights and found that every 8th element shows similarity with the 1st element.
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table - The arrangement of all 63 elements in rows or columns in

order of their atomic weight was made by Mendeleev. He left some space for
corresponding elements in his periodic table which were not even discovered till then.
Although he predicted the properties of those elements through his periodic
classification of elements.
Modern Periodic Law - The properties of the elements of the modern periodic law are
periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
62. Answer: c
Explanation:
n2 n3 T1 n31 1
T ∝ r
v
∝ z
× n
z
∝ z2 T2

= n33

= 8
T2 = 8T1 = 8 × 1.6 × 10−16 = 12.8 × 10−16 f2 =

1
12.8×10 −16
≈
7.8 × 1014
Concepts:
1. Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom:

Niels Bohr introduced the atomic Hydrogen model in 1913. He described it as a positively
charged nucleus, comprised of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a negatively
charged electron cloud. In the model, electrons orbit the nucleus in atomic shells. The
atom is held together by electrostatic forces between the positive nucleus and
negative surroundings.
Read More: Bohr's Model of Hydrogen Atom
Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom and Hydrogen-like

Atoms
A hydrogen-like atom consists of a tiny positively-charged nucleus and an electron
revolving around the nucleus in a stable circular orbit.
Bohr's Radius:
If 'e,' 'm,' and 'v' be the charge, mass, and velocity of the electron respectively, 'r' be the
radius of the orbit, and Z be the atomic number, the equation for the radii of the
permitted orbits is given by r = n2 ｘr 1, where 'n' is the principal quantum number, and r 1 is
the least allowed radius for a hydrogen atom, known as Bohr's radius having a value of
0.53 Å.
Limitations of the Bohr Model

The Bohr Model was an important step in the development of atomic theory. However, it
has several limitations.
1. Bohr’s model of the atom failed to explain the Zeeman Effect (effect of magnetic fi
eld on the spectra of atoms).
2. It failed to explain the Stark effect (effect of electric field on the spectra of
atoms).
3. The spectra obtained from larger atoms weren’t explained.
4. It violates the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
63. Answer: c
Explanation:
BOD stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand

The amount of oxygen required by bacteria to break down the organic matter present
in a certain volume of a sample of water is called Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
BOD value of water
A BOD number of less than 5 ppm indicates that the water is clean.
A BOD value of 17 ppm or above indicates that the water is highly polluted.
64. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct option is (C): Aqueous neutral

KMnO4 in the aqueous neutral medium that reduces to MnO 2
2KMnO 4 + H 2 O → 2MnO 2 + 2KOH +

3
2
O2
∴ The oxidation state of Mn in KMnO4 that changes from +7 to +4 i.e., by 3 units.
Concepts:
1. Oxidation Number:
Oxidation number, also called oxidation state, the total number of electrons that an ato
m either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom.
Oxidation number of an atom is defined as the charge that an atom appears to have on
forming ionic bonds with other heteroatoms. An atom having higher electronegativity
(even if it forms a covalent bond) is given a negative oxidation state.
The definition, assigns oxidation state to an atom on conditions, that the atom –
1. Bonds with heteroatoms.

2. Always form ionic bonding by either gaining or losing electrons, irrespective of the
actual nature of bonding.
Oxidation number is a formalized way of keeping track of oxidation state.
Read More: Oxidation and Reduction
Way To Find Oxidation Number Of An Atom?

Oxidation number or state of an atom/ion is the number of electrons an atom/ion that
the molecule has either gained or lost compared to the neutral atom. Electropositive
metal atoms, of group I, 2 and 3 lose a specific number of electrons and have always
constant positive oxidation numbers.
In molecules, more electronegative atom gain electrons from a less electronegative

atom and have negative oxidation states. The numerical value of the oxidation state is
equal to the number of electrons lost or gained.
Oxidation number or oxidation state of an atom or ion in a molecule/ion is assigned by:
1. Summing up the constant oxidation state of other atoms/molecules/ions that are

bonded to it and
2. Equating, the total oxidation state of a molecule or ion to the total charge of the
molecule or ion.
65. Answer: b
Explanation:
Glyptal polymer is used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers
Concepts:
1. Polymers of Commercial Importance:
Polypropene is formed by the repetitive joining of propene. Propene is the

monomer of Polypropene. It is used in the preparation of different materials like
fibres, ropes, pipes etc.
Polystyrene is formed from aromatic hydrocarbons, styrene is its monomer. It is
used as a wrapping material to provide coverage to important materials, cabinets
of television, in making radios.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is formed by combining a large number of molecules of
vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is its monomer. It is used in making raincoats and
especially in water pipes.
Glyptal is a synthetic polymer that is formed by monomers of Ethylene glycol and
Phthalic acid. It is used in the manufacturing of paints, fabrics, lacquers etc.
Bakelite is known as Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride. Phenol and
Formaldehyde are used as monomers to produce bakelite which is formed by the
condensation reaction of these monomers.
Natural Rubber is composed of polyisoprene molecules linked together to form an
elastomeric structure. Natural rubber is used for various purposes like making
tyres, rubber bands, lid grippers etc.
Polypropylene is a hydrocarbon polymer that has a linear structure. It is a
multifaceted polymer as it has properties of plastic as well as fibre and hence is
used for multi-purposes. Propylene is the monomer of polypropylene.
Polyethylene Terephthalate also termed PET is a thermoplastic polymer. Ethylene
glycol and terephthalic acid are used in the preparation of Polyethylene
Terephthalate and in making different things like containers for packing food and
drinks.
Polytetrafluoroethylene also termed PTFE is a fluoropolymer. It is slippery in nature
and is highly resistant to heat. The monomer of polytetrafluoroethylene is
tetrafluoroethylene.
Neoprene is formed from chloroprene. It is prepared by free radical polymerisation. The

monomer of neoprene is chloroprene. It is used for preparing gaskets, conveyor belts
etc.
66. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is (C) HOCl + H2 O2 → H3 O+ + Cl − + O2

Read more from the chapter: Redox reaction

Concepts:
1. Hydrocarbons - Classification:
Types of Hydrocarbons:
Hydrocarbons are classified under the special heads as stated below:
Saturated hydrocarbons-
Those compounds where there is a single bond present between carbon atoms and are
saturated with atoms of hydrogen are saturated hydrocarbons. They are the prime
component of petroleum fuel. Carbon atoms bond themselves to as many hydrogen
atoms as they can. They undergo the process of hybridization, and also, do not have
double or triple bonds. The formula for alkanes which is the most common hydrocarbon
is CnH2n+2. Saturated hydrocarbons have an akin molecular formula as hydrocarbons.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons-
Hydrocarbons comprise at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms
known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes are organic compounds that comprise
double bonds, whereas alkynes are triple bonded. Here, the situation is the opposite of
saturated hydrocarbons as the carbon atoms don't bond themselves with as many
hydrogen atoms as possible. When it comes to hydrogen atoms, they are unsaturated.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons-
The term denotes the hydrocarbons formed as a result of the chemical degradation of
fats. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally chemical compounds. Their structure
includes one or more hydrogen atoms which are replaced with a halogen. They are
linked in chains in single, double, or triple bonds without any rings. Propane, butane,
methane, and ethane serve as good examples of aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Aromatic hydrocarbons-
They are discriminated against because of the benzene rings present in them. They give
away different types of aroma. These hydrocarbons comprise only hydrogen and
carbon atoms. They are used extensively in fields of medicine, hygiene, and fashion.
67. Answer: d
Explanation:
Correct answer is (d)
Concepts:
1. Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers:
Alcohol is formed when a saturated carbon atom bonds to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. It is
an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl functional group attached to a carbon
atom.
Phenol is formed when the -OH group replaces the hydrogen atom in benzene. It is an
organic compound in which a hydroxyl group directly attaches to an aromatic
hydrocarbon.
Ether is formed when oxygen atom bonds to two alkyl or aryl groups. It is an organic
compound that has an oxygen atom that is connected to two aryl and alkyl groups.
Read More: Alcohol, Phenol, and Ethers
68. Answer: c
Explanation:
Freons are chlorofluoro carbon. Other given statements are wrong. They are unreactive
and non toxic and are widely used as refrigeration fluids, as the propellant in aerosols,
and for washing computer boards.
So, the correct option is (C): Freons are chlorofluoro carbon.
Concepts:
1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes:
The hydrocarbons such as Haloalkanes and Haloarenes are the ones, in which one or
more hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. The main difference between
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes is that Haloalkanes are derived from open chained
hydrocarbons, also called alkanes, and Haloarenes are derived from aromatic
hydrocarbons.
Haloalkanes have hydrocarbons made up of aliphatic alkanes and one or more

hydrogen atoms replaced by halogens (elements such as Chlorine, Bromine,
Fluorine, Iodine, etc.) whereas, haloarenes consist of aromatic ring or rings and one
or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogens.
In haloalkanes, the halogen atom is attached to the sp3 hybridized carbon atom of
the alkyl group whereas, in haloarenes, the halogen atom is attached to the sp3
hybridized carbon atom of the alkyl group.
Haloalkanes are saturated organic compounds where all the chemical bonds are
attached to the carbon atom with single bonds and a single carbon atom is
attached to the Halogen atom, whereas, the haloarenes differ from Haloalkanes
by their method of preparation and properties.
Haloalkanes are made by aliphatic alkanes by the process of free radical
halogenation, whereas, haloarenes are made by direct halogenation of aromatic
rings.
Haloalkanes are odorless compounds, whereas, haloarenes have a sweet odor.
Haloalkanes precipitate in SN2 substitution reactions, whereas, haloarenes do not
precipitate in SN2 substitution reactions.
Example of haloalkanes is CH3Cl (Methyl Chloride) and CH3CH2Br (Ethyl Bromide)
and the example of haloarenes is Chlorobenzene, Bromobenzene.
69. Answer: b
Explanation:
Isostructural means same structure

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Concepts:
1. Molecular Orbital Theory:
The Molecular Orbital Theory is a more sophisticated model of chemical bonding where
new molecular orbitals are generated using a mathematical process called Linear Com
bination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO).
Molecular Orbital theory is a chemical bonding theory that states that individual atoms
combine together to form molecular orbitals. Due to this arrangement in MOT Theory, e
lectrons associated with different nuclei can be found in different atomic orbitals. In
molecular orbital theory, the electrons present in a molecule are not assigned to
individual chemical bonds between the atoms. Rather, they are treated as moving under
the influence of the atomic nuclei in the entire molecule.
Molecular Orbital Theory
70. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct answer is (B) : I2 &IO3−

In acidic medium
2M nO4− + 10I − + 16H + → 2M n2+ + 5I2 + 8H2 O

In neutral/faintly alkaline solution

2M nO4− + I − + H2 O → 2M nO2 + 2OH − + IO3−

Concepts:
1. D and F Block Elements:
The d-block elements are placed in groups 3-12 and F-block elements with 4f and 5f
orbital filled progressively. The general electronic configuration of d block elements and
f- block elements are (n-1) d 1-10 ns 1-2 and (n-2) f 1-14 (n-1) d1 ns2 respectively. They
are commonly known as transition elements because they exhibit multiple oxidation
states because of the d-d transition which is possible by the availability of vacant d
orbitals in these elements.
They have variable Oxidation States as well as are good catalysts because they provide
a large surface area for the absorption of reaction. They show variable oxidation states
to form intermediate with reactants easily. They are mostly lanthanoids and show
lanthanoid contraction. Since differentiating electrons enter in an anti-penultimate f
subshell. Therefore, these elements are also called inner transition elements.
Read More: The d and f block elements
71. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : 72

Numbers between 5000&10000
Using digits 1,3,5,7,9
Concepts:
1. Permutations:
A permutation is an arrangement of multiple objects in a particular order taken a few or

all at a time. The formula for permutation is as follows:
n
Pr =

n!
(n−r)!

nP r = permutation
n = total number of objects
r = number of objects selected
Types of Permutation
Permutation of n different things where repeating is not allowed
Permutation of n different things where repeating is allowed
Permutation of similar kinds or duplicate objects
72. Answer: d
Explanation:
Explanation:
It is given that, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} and R is a relation on A such that R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ A and

b is exactly divisible by a}The given R can be re-written in roaster form as R = {(1, 1), (1,
2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 6), (4, 4), (6, 6)}.As we know that, Range
(R) = {b: (a, b) ∈ R}Therefore, range (R) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6} = A⇒ n(A) = 5Hence, the correct
option is (D).
73. Answer: b
Explanation:
∣ ∣
∣log x log y log z ∣
1
∣A∣ = log x
log x⋅log y⋅log z
2 log y log z = 2

∣log x log y 3 log z∣

4
⇒ ∣adj (adj A )∣ = ∣∣A2 ∣∣
∣
2 ∣
= 28
Concepts:
1. Determinants:
Definition of Determinant
A determinant can be defined in many ways for a square matrix.
The first and most simple way is to formulate the determinant by taking into account
the top-row elements and the corresponding minors. Take the first element of the top
row and multiply it by its minor, then subtract the product of the second element and its
minor. Continue to alternately add and subtract the product of each element of the top
row with its respective min or until all the elements of the top row have been
considered.
For example let us consider a 1×1 matrix A.
A=[a1…….an]
Read More: Properties of Determinants
Second Method to find the determinant:
The second way to define a determinant is to express in terms of the columns of the
matrix by expressing an n x n matrix in terms of the column vectors.
Consider the column vectors of matrix A as A = [ a1, a2, a3, …an] where any element aj is a
vector of size x.
Then the determinant of matrix A is defined such that
Det [ a1 + a2 …. baj+cv … ax ] = b det (A) + c det [ a1+ a2 + … v … ax ]
Det [ a1 + a2 …. aj aj+1… ax ] = – det [ a1+ a2 + … aj+1 aj … ax ]
Det (I) = 1
Where the scalars are denoted by b and c, a vector of size x is denoted by v, and the
identity matrix of size x is denoted by I.
Read More: Minors and Cofactors
We can infer from these equations that the determinant is a linear function of the
columns. Further, we observe that the sign of the determinant can be interchanged by
interchanging the position of adjacent columns. The identity matrix of the respective
unit scalar is mapped by the alternating multi-linear function of the columns. This
function is the determinant of the matrix.
74. Answer: d
Explanation:
x2 − 4x + [x] + 3 = x[x]
⇒ x2 − 4x + 3 = x[x] − [x]
⇒ (x − 1)(x − 3) = [x].(x − 1)
⇒ x = 1 or x − 3 = [x]
⇒ x − [x] = 3
⇒ {x} = 3 (Not Possible)
Only one solution x = 1 in (−∞, ∞)
Concepts:
1. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations:
Complex Number: Any number that is formed as a+ib is called a complex number. For
example: 9+3i,7+8i are complex numbers. Here i = -1. With this we can say that i² = 1. So,
for every equation which does not have a real solution we can use i = -1.
Quadratic equation: A polynomial that has two roots or is of the degree 2 is called a
quadratic equation. The general form of a quadratic equation is y=ax²+bx+c. Here a≠0, b
and c are the real numbers.
75. Answer: d
Explanation:
The correct answer is (D) : (−∞, 92 )
f (x) = 2x3 + (2p − 7)x2 + 3(2p − 9)x − 6

f ′ (x) = 6x2 + 2(2p − 7)x + 3(2p − 9)
f ′ (0) < 0
∴ 3(2p − 9) < 0
9
p< 2

p ∈ (−∞, 92 )
Concepts:
1. Maxima and Minima:
What are Maxima and Minima of a Function?

The extrema of a function are very well known as Maxima and minima. Maxima is the
maximum and minima is the minimum value of a function within the given set of ranges.
There are two types of maxima and minima that exist in a function, such as:
Local Maxima and Minima

Absolute or Global Maxima and Minima
76. Answer: a
Explanation:
Equation two parabola are Y 2 = 3x and x2 = 3y Let equation of tangent to y 2 = 3x is y =
mx + 4m
3
is also tangent to x2 = 3y ⇒ x2 = 3mx +

9
4m
⇒ 4mx2 − 12m2 x − 9 = 0 have equal
roots ⇒ D = 0 ⇒ 144m4 = 4 (4m) (−9) ⇒ m4 + m = 0 ⇒ m = −1 Hence common tangent is
3
y = −x − 4
4 (x + y ) + 3 = 0
Concepts:
1. Parabola:
Parabola is defined as the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (called focus)
and a fixed-line (called directrix).
Parabola
Standard Equation of a Parabola
For horizontal parabola
Let us consider
Origin (0,0) as the parabola's vertex A,
1. Two equidistant points S(a,0) as focus, and Z(- a,0) as a directrix point,
2. P(x,y) as the moving point.
Let us now draw SZ perpendicular from S to the directrix. Then, SZ will be the axis of
the parabola.
The centre point of SZ i.e. A will now lie on the locus of P, i.e. AS = AZ.
The x-axis will be along the line AS, and the y-axis will be along the perpendicular to
AS at A, as in the figure.
By definition PM = PS
=> MP 2 = PS2
So, (a + x) 2 = (x - a) 2 + y2.
Hence, we can get the equation of horizontal parabola as y2 = 4ax.
For vertical parabola
Let us consider
Origin (0,0) as the parabola's vertex A
1. Two equidistant points, S(0,b) as focus and Z(0, -b) as a directrix point
2. P(x,y) as any moving point
Let us now draw a perpendicular SZ from S to the directrix.

Then SZ will be the axis of the parabola. Now, the midpoint of SZ i.e. A, will lie on P’s
locus i.e. AS=AZ.
The y-axis will be along the line AS, and the x-axis will be perpendicular to AS at A,
as shown in the figure.
By definition PM = PS
=> MP 2 = PS2
So, (b + y) 2 = (y - b) 2 + x2
As a result, the vertical parabola equation is x2= 4by.
77. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is option (C) : 178

Concepts:
1. Statistics:
Statistics is a field of mathematics concerned with the study of data collection, data
analysis, data interpretation, data presentation, and data organization. Statistics is
mainly used to acquire a better understanding of data and to focus on specific
applications. Also, Statistics is the process of gathering, assessing, and summarising data
in a mathematical form.
Mathematically there are two approaches for analyzing data in statistics

that are widely used:
Descriptive Statistics -
Using measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion, the descriptive

technique of statistics is utilized to describe the data collected and summarise the data
and its attributes.
Inferential Statistics -
This statistical strategy is utilized to produce conclusions from data. Inferential statistics
rely on statistical tests on samples to make inferences, and it does so by discovering
variations between the two groups. The p-value is calculated and differentiated to the
probability of chance() = 0.05. If the p-value is less than or equivalent to, the p-value is
considered statistically significant.
78. Answer: d
Explanation:
A : no. on 1st die < no. on 2nd die

A : no. on 1st die = even & no. of 2nd die = odd
C : no. on 1st die = odd & no. on 2nd die = even
n(A) = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
n(B) = 9
n(C) = 9
n((A ∪ B) ∩ C) = (A ∩ C) ∪ (B ∩ C)
= (3 + 2 + 1) + 0 = 6
Concepts:
1. Probability:
Probability is defined as the extent to which an event is likely to happen. It is measured

by the ratio of the favorable outcome to the total number of possible outcomes.
The definitions of some important terms related to probability are given

below:
Sample space
The set of possible results or outcomes in a trial is referred to as the sample space. For
instance, when we flip a coin, the possible outcomes are heads or tails. On the other
hand, when we roll a single die, the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Sample point
In a sample space, a sample point is one of the possible results. For instance, when using
a deck of cards, as an outcome, a sample point would be the ace of spades or the
queen of hearts.
Experiment
When the results of a series of actions are always uncertain, this is referred to as a trial
or an experiment. For Instance, choosing a card from a deck, tossing a coin, or rolling a
die, the results are uncertain.
Event
An event is a single outcome that happens as a result of a trial or experiment. For

instance, getting a three on a die or an eight of clubs when selecting a card from a deck
are happenings of certain events.
Outcome
A possible outcome of a trial or experiment is referred to as a result of an outcome. For

instance, tossing a coin could result in heads or tails. Here the possible outcomes are
heads or tails. While the possible outcomes of dice thrown are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
79. Answer: c
Explanation:
eq. of line PM 1x−2=2y+1=−1z−3=λ
any point on line=(λ+2,2λ−1,−λ+3)
for point ' m ’ (λ+2)+2(2λ−1)−(3−λ)=0
λ= 12
Point m( 12 + 2, 2 × 12 , −1
2 + 3)
=( 52 , 0, 52 )

For Image Q(α,β,γ)

α+2
2 = 52 , β−1
2 =0
γ+3 5
2 = 2
Q:(3,1,2)
3(3)+2(1)+2+29
d=∣ 3 2 +2 2 +1 2
∣

42
d= = 3 14
14

Concepts:
1. Three Dimensional Geometry:

Mathematically, Geometry is one of the most important topics. The concepts of
Geometry are derived w.r.t. the planes. So, Geometry is divided into three major
categories based on its dimensions which are one-dimensional geometry, two-
dimensional geometry, and three-dimensional geometry.
Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of Line:
Consider a line L that is passing through the three-dimensional plane. Now, x,y and z are
the axes of the plane and α,β, and γ are the three angles the line makes with these axes.
These are commonly known as the direction angles of the plane. So, appropriately, we
can say that cosα, cosβ, and cosγ are the direction cosines of the given line L.
80. Answer: b
Explanation:
(1−2 x)50 +(1+2 x)50 3 50 +1
for sum of integral power of x put x = 1 in ⇒ 2 .

2
Concepts:
1. Binomial Theorem:
The binomial theorem formula is used in the expansion of any power of a binomial in the
form of a series. The binomial theorem formula is
Properties of Binomial Theorem

The number of coefficients in the binomial expansion of (x + y) n is equal to (n + 1).
There are (n+1) terms in the expansion of (x+y) n.
The first and the last terms are xn and yn respectively.
From the beginning of the expansion, the powers of x, decrease from n up to 0, and
the powers of a, increase from 0 up to n.
The binomial coefficients in the expansion are arranged in an array, which is called
Pascal's triangle. This pattern developed is summed up by the binomial theorem
formula.
81. Answer: b
Explanation:
8 cos x ⋅ (cos π
6
− sin x − 12 ) = 1
(cos π2 +cos 2x− 12 )

⇒ 8 cos x =1

2

4 cos x cos 2x − 2 cos x = 1
2(cos 3x + cos 3x) = 2 cos x = 1
1
∴ cos 3x = 2

∴ 3x = 2nπ + π
3

∴ 2n π3 +
π
9

∴ [0, π]are π9 , 2 π3 − π9 , 2 π3 +

π
9

their sum is
π
9
+ 8 π9 + 7 π9 = 13 π9

13
k= 9

Concepts:
1. Trigonometric Functions:
The relationship between the sides and angles of a right-angle triangle is described by tr
igonometry functions, sometimes known as circular functions. These trigonometric
functions derive the relationship between the angles and sides of a triangle. In
trigonometry, there are three primary functions of sine (sin), cosine (cos), tangent (tan).
The other three main functions can be derived from the primary functions as cotangent
(cot), secant (sec), and cosecant (cosec).
Six Basic Trigonometric Functions:

Sine Function: The ratio between the length of the opposite side of the triangle to
the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle.
sin x = a/h
Cosine Function: The ratio between the length of the adjacent side of the triangle to
the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle.
cos x = b/h
Tangent Function: The ratio between the length of the opposite side of the triangle
to the adjacent side length.
tan x = a/b
Tan x can also be represented as sin x/cos x
Secant Function: The reciprocal of the cosine function.
sec x = 1/cosx = h/b
Cosecant Function: The reciprocal of the sine function.
cosec x = 1/sinx = h/a
Cotangent Function: The reciprocal of the tangent function.
cot x = 1/tan x = b/a
Formulas of Trigonometric Functions:

82. Answer: c
Explanation:
Given: x = and y =
−1 −1
2cose t 2sec t (∣t∣
≥ 1)
Now, dy dy/dt
dx
= dx/dt

ln( )
−1 t
1
2 sec 1
2 sec −1 t t2 −1

2
=
t
ln( )

1 −1 1
− 2 cosec
2cosec−1 t t2 −1

2
t
2 ec−1 t −y
=− −1 y

= x

2 omee
Concepts:
1. Continuity:
A function is said to be continuous at a point x = a, if
limx→a
f(x) Exists, and
limx→a
f(x) = f(a)
It implies that if the left hand limit (L.H.L), right hand limit (R.H.L) and the value of the
function at x=a exists and these parameters are equal to each other, then the function f
is said to be continuous at x=a.
If the function is undefined or does not exist, then we say that the function is
discontinuous.
Conditions for continuity of a function: For any function to be continuous, it must meet
the following conditions:
The function f(x) specified at x = a, is continuous only if f(a) belongs to real number.
The limit of the function as x approaches a, exists.
The limit of the function as x approaches a, must be equal to the function value at x
= a.
83. Answer: b
Explanation:
0+3+6+9+….n terms
Lim 2n4 +4n+3 − n4 +5n+4

n→∞
3n(n−1)
Lim 2 2n4 +4n+3
n→∞ ( − n4 +5n+4 )

3
= 2( 2 −1)
= 32 ( 2 + 1)
84. Answer: d
Explanation:
x2 y2
9 + 5 =1
a=3
b= 5
2 b2
e =1− a2
5 4
=1− 9 = 9
2
e= 3
2a2
now the quadrilateral formed will be a rhombu with area = e

2.9
= 2
×3
= 27
Concepts:
1. Applications of Integrals:
There are distinct applications of integrals, out of which some are as follows:
In Maths
Integrals are used to find:
The center of mass (centroid) of an area having curved sides

The area between two curves and the area under a curve
The curve's average value
In Physics
Integrals are used to find:
Centre of gravity
Mass and momentum of inertia of vehicles, satellites, and a tower
The center of mass
The velocity and the trajectory of a satellite at the time of placing it in orbit
Thrust
85. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct answer is (A) : π

2

In △CPB
cos 2θ =
PC
2
⇒ PC = 2 cos 2θ
⇒ (h − 4) + (k − 5) = 4 cos2 2 2 θ
2

2
Now (x − 4)2 + (y − 5)2 = (2 cos 2θ )
⇒ r1 = 2 cos π6 =
3
r2 = 2 cos θ22

r3 = 2 cos

π
3
=1
⇒ r12 = r22 + r32
⇒ 3 = 4 cos2 θ2
2

+1
⇒ 4 cos2 θ22 = 2
⇒ cos2 θ22 = 12

⇒ θ 2 = π2
Concepts:
1. Circle:
A circle can be geometrically defined as a combination of all the points which lie at an
equal distance from a fixed point called the centre. The concepts of the circle are very
important in building a strong foundation in units likes mensuration and coordinate
geometry. We use circle formulas in order to calculate the area, diameter, and
circumference of a circle. The length between any point on the circle and its centre is
its radius.
Any line that passes through the centre of the circle and connects two points of the
circle is the diameter of the circle. The radius is half the length of the diameter of the
circle. The area of the circle describes the amount of space that is covered by the
circle and the circumference is the length of the boundary of the circle.
Also Check:
Areas Related to Circles Perimeter and Area of Circle Circles Revision Notes
86. Answer: b
Explanation:
Given: N is set of all natural numbers

R1 = {(x, y) ∈ N × N : 2x + y = 10} and R2 = {(x, y) ∈ N × N : x + 2y = 10}

R1 = {(1, 8), (2, 6), (3, 4), (4, 2)} and R2 = {(8, 1), (6, 2), (4, 3), (2, 4)}

Therefore, range of R2 = {1, 2, 3, 4}

Concepts:
1. Functions:
A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the
property that each input is related to exactly one output. Let A & B be any two non-
empty sets, mapping from A to B will be a function only when every element in set A has
one end only one image in set B.
Kinds of Functions
The different types of functions are -
One to One Function: When elements of set A have a separate component of set B, we
can determine that it is a one-to-one function. Besides, you can also call it injective.
Many to One Function: As the name suggests, here more than two elements in set A are
mapped with one element in set B.
Moreover, if it happens that all the elements in set B have pre-images in set A, it is
called an onto function or surjective function.
Also, if a function is both one-to-one and onto function, it is known as a bijective. This
means, that all the elements of A are mapped with separate elements in B, and A holds
a pre-image of elements of B.
Read More: Relations and Functions
87. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is (C) : 72

y = mx + m4
∣ m4 ∣ =
2 2

1+m2

∴ m = ±1
y = ±x ± 4 Point of contact on parabola
Let m = 1, ( ma2 , 2a
m)
R(4, 8)
Point of contact on circle Q(−2, 2)
∴ (QR)2 = 36 + 36 = 72
Concepts:
1. Functions:
A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the
property that each input is related to exactly one output. Let A & B be any two non-
empty sets, mapping from A to B will be a function only when every element in set A has
one end only one image in set B.
Kinds of Functions
The different types of functions are -
One to One Function: When elements of set A have a separate component of set B, we
can determine that it is a one-to-one function. Besides, you can also call it injective.
Many to One Function: As the name suggests, here more than two elements in set A are
mapped with one element in set B.
Moreover, if it happens that all the elements in set B have pre-images in set A, it is
called an onto function or surjective function.
Also, if a function is both one-to-one and onto function, it is known as a bijective. This
means, that all the elements of A are mapped with separate elements in B, and A holds
a pre-image of elements of B.
Read More: Relations and Functions
88. Answer: b
Explanation:
I =∫ x dx
2−x2 + 2−x2

1
Put t = 2 − x2 , dx
dt
= 2 2−x2
. (−2x)

⇒ −t dt = x dx
(−t)dt 1
∴I =∫ t2 +t
= −∫ t+1
dt
= −log ∣t + 1∣
= −log ∣∣ 2 − x2 + 1∣∣ + c

Concepts:
1. General Solutions to Differential Equations:
A relation between involved variables, which satisfy the given differential equation is
called its solution. The solution which contains as many arbitrary constants as the order
of the differential equation is called the general solution and the solution free from
arbitrary constants is called particular solution.
For example,
Read More: Formation of a Differential Equation

89. Answer: a
Explanation:
y(x − 2)(x − 3) = x + 6
At y-axis, x = 0, y = 1
Now, on differentiation.
dy
dx
(x − 2) (x − 3) + y (2x − 5) = 1
dy
dx
(6) + 1 (−5) = 1
dy 6
dx
= 6
=1
Now slope of normal = −1
Equation of normal y − 1 = −(x − 0)
y + x − 1 = 0 ... (i)
Line(i) passes through ( 12 , 12 )
Concepts:
1. Application of Derivatives:
Various Applications of Derivatives-
Rate of Change of Quantities:
If some other quantity ‘y’ causes some change in a quantity of surely ‘x’, in view of the
fact that an equation of the form y = f(x) gets consistently pleased, i.e, ‘y’ is a function of
‘x’ then the rate of change of ‘y’ related to ‘x’ is to be given by
△y y2 −y1
△x = x2 −x1

This is also known to be as the Average Rate of Change.
Increasing and Decreasing Function:
Consider y = f(x) be a differentiable function (whose derivative exists at all points in the
domain) in an interval x = (a,b).
If for any two points x1 and x2 in the interval x such a manner that x1 < x2, there holds
an inequality f(x1) ≤ f(x2); then the function f(x) is known as increasing in this
interval.
Likewise, if for any two points x1 and x2 in the interval x such a manner that x1 < x2,
there holds an inequality f(x1) ≥ f(x2); then the function f(x) is known as decreasing
in this interval.
The functions are commonly known as strictly increasing or decreasing functions,
given the inequalities are strict: f(x1) < f(x2) for strictly increasing and f(x1) > f(x2)
for strictly decreasing.
Read More: Application of Derivatives
90. Answer: a
Explanation:
Let two observations are x1 &x2
∑ xi
mean = = 5 ⇒ 1 + 3 + 8 + x1 + x2 = 25

5
⇒ x1 + x2 = 13

∑ x2i
variance (σ2 ) = − 25 = 9.20

5
⇒ ∑ x2i = 171
⇒ x21 + x22
= 97
by (1)&(2)
2
(x1 + x2 ) − 2x1 x2 = 97

or x1 x2 = 36
∴ x1 : x2 = 4 : 9

Concepts:
1. Mean Deviation:
A statistical measure that is used to calculate the average deviation from the mean
value of the given data set is called the mean deviation.
The Formula for Mean Deviation:

The mean deviation for the given data set is calculated as:
Mean Deviation = [Σ |X – µ|]/N
Where,
Σ represents the addition of values

X represents each value in the data set
µ represents the mean of the data set
N represents the number of data values
Grouping of data is very much possible in two ways:
1. Discrete Frequency Distribution

2. Continuous Frequency Distribution
91. Answer: b
Explanation:
Given, 2a1 = 2 sin θ
⇒ a1 = sin θ
and 3x2 + 4y 2 = 12
x2 y2
⇒ 4
+ 3
=1
Here, a = 4 and b2 = 3 2
∴ b2 = a2 (1 − e2 )
⇒ 3 = 4 (1 − e2 )
⇒ e2 = 1 − 3
4
= 1
4

1
⇒e= 2

Focus, F (ae, 0) = F (2 × 12 , 0)
= F (1, 0)
For hyperbola foci are same
∴ a1 e1 = ae = 1
∴ (sin θ)e1 = 1
⇒ e1 = cosec θ
and b21 = a21 (e21 − 1) = a21 e21 − a21
2
⇒ b21 = 1 − sin θ = cos θ 2
2
y2
x
a21
− b21
=1
2 y2
⇒ x
sin2 θ
− cos2 θ

=1
⇒ x cosec θ − y 2 sec2 θ = 1
2 2
Concepts:
1. Hyperbola:
Hyperbola is the locus of all the points in a plane such that the difference in their
distances from two fixed points in the plane is constant.
Hyperbola is made up of two similar curves that resemble a parabola. Hyperbola has
two fixed points which can be shown in the picture, are known as foci or focus. When we
join the foci or focus using a line segment then its midpoint gives us centre. Hence, this
line segment is known as the transverse axis.
92. Answer: d
Explanation:
The correct answer is (D) : 24

a + 6d = 3 .......................(1)
Z = a(a + 3d)
= (3 − 6d)(3 − 3d)
= 18d2 − 27d + 9
Differentiating with respect to d
⇒ 36d − 27 = 0
⇒ d = 34 , from (1)a =

−3
2
, (Z = minimum
)
Now, Sa =
n
2
(−3 + (n − 1) 34 ) = 0

⇒n=5
Now,
n! − 4an(n+2) = 120 − 4 (a35 )

= 120 − 4(a + (35 − 1)d)

= 120 − 4 ( −3
2
+ 34 ⋅ ( 34 ))
= 120 − 4 ( −6+102
4
)
= 120 − 96 = 24
Concepts:
1. Arithmetic Progression:
Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a mathematical series in which the difference between

any two subsequent numbers is a fixed value.
For example, the natural number sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... is an AP because the

difference between two consecutive terms (say 1 and 2) is equal to one (2 -1). Even
when dealing with odd and even numbers, the common difference between two
consecutive words will be equal to 2.
In simpler words, an arithmetic progression is a collection of integers where each term is

resulted by adding a fixed number to the preceding term apart from the first term.
For eg:- 4,6,8,10,12,14,16
We can notice Arithmetic Progression in our day-to-day lives too, for eg:- the number of
days in a week, stacking chairs, etc.
Read More: Sum of First N Terms of an AP
93. Answer: d
Explanation:
a17 (a4 +1)+b17 (b4 +1)
‘a’ and ‘b’ are roots of x2 − 7x − 2 = 0 to find a19 +b19

Considering one of the root ‘ α ’ for the equation;

α2 − 1 = 7α
⇒ α4 + 1 = 51α2
[Here, consider as α2 <a ]
19 29
∴ 51aa19 +51b
+b19 b

19 29
= 51( aa19 +b
+b19
)
= 51
Hence, The correct answer is the option (D) 51.
Concepts:
1. Quadratic Equations:
A polynomial that has two roots or is of degree 2 is called a quadratic equation. The
general form of a quadratic equation is y=ax²+bx+c. Here a≠0, b, and c are the real numb
ers.
Consider the following equation ax²+bx+c=0, where a≠0 and a, b, and c are real
coefficients.
The solution of a quadratic equation can be found using the formula, x=((-
b±√(b²-4ac))/2a)
Two important points to keep in mind are:
A polynomial equation has at least one root.

A polynomial equation of degree ‘n’ has ‘n’ roots.
Read More: Nature of Roots of Quadratic Equation
There are basically four methods of solving quadratic equations. They

are:
1. Factoring
2. Completing the square
3. Using Quadratic Formula
4. Taking the square root
94. Answer: b
Explanation:
For Symmetric (a, b), (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a), (c, b) ∈ R

For Transitive (a, b), (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R
Now
1. Symmetric
∴ (a, c) ∈ R ⇒ (c, a) ∈ R
2. Transitive
∴ (a, b), (b, a) ∈ R
⇒ (a, a) ∈ R&(b, c), (c, b) ∈ R
⇒ (b, b)&(c, c) ∈ R
∴ Elements to be added
{(b, a), (c, b), (a, c), (c, a), (a, a), (b, b), (c, c)}
Number of elements to be added = 7
Concepts:
1. Relations and functions:
A relation R from a non-empty set B is a subset of the cartesian product A × B. The

subset is derived by describing a relationship between the first element and the second
element of the ordered pairs in A × B.
A relation f from a set A to a set B is said to be a function if every element of set A has
one and only one image in set B. In other words, no two distinct elements of B have the
same pre-image.
Representation of Relation and Function

Relations and functions can be represented in different forms such as arrow
representation, algebraic form, set-builder form, graphically, roster form, and tabular
form. Define a function f: A = {1, 2, 3} → B = {1, 4, 9} such that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9.
Now, represent this function in different forms.
1. Set-builder form - {(x, y): f(x) = y2, x ∈ A, y ∈ B}

2. Roster form - {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}
3. Arrow Representation
95. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is option C) 1 ^

(−i ^)
− 2^j + 8k
√69

96. Answer: d
Explanation:
tan−1 (2x) + tan−1 (3x) = π/4

5x
⇒ 1−6x2 =1
2
⇒ 6x + 5x − 1 = 0
x = −1 or x = 1
6
1
x= 6 ∵x>0
Concepts:
1. Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
The inverse trigonometric functions are also called arcus functions or anti trigonometric
functions. These are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions with suitably
restricted domains. Specifically, they are the inverse functions of the sine, cosine,
tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant functions, and are used to obtain an angle
from any of the angle’s trigonometric ratios. Inverse trigonometric functions are widely
used in engineering, navigation, physics, and geometry.
Domain and Range Of Inverse Functions

Considering the domain and range of the inverse functions, following formulas are
important to be noted:
sin(sin−1x) = x, if -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
cos(cos−1x) = x, if -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
tan(tan−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤∞
cot(cot−1x) = x, if -∞≤ x ≤∞
sec(sec−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞
cosec(cosec−1x) = x, if -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞
Also, the following formulas are defined for inverse trigonometric functions.
sin−1(sin y) = y, if -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2

cos−1(cos y) =y, if 0 ≤ y ≤ π
tan−1(tan y) = y, if -π/2 <y< π/2
cot−1(cot y) = y if 0<y< π
sec−1(sec y) = y, if 0 ≤ y ≤ π, y ≠ π/2
cosec−1(cosec y) = y if -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2, y ≠ 0
97. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is (C) : 4(1 + 2)

C = (2, 3), r = 2
Centre of G=A = 2 + 2
4
,

4
3+ 2

= (2 + 2 2, 3 + 2 2)
A(2 + 2 2, 3 + 2 2)
B(4 + 2 2, 1 + 2 2)
x−(2+2 2 ) y−(3+2 2 )

1

= −1

=2
∴ area of trapezium:
= 12 ( 4 + 4 2)2

= 4(1 + 2)
Concepts:
1. Tangents and Normals:
A tangent at a degree on the curve could be a straight line that touches the curve
at that time and whose slope is up to the derivative of the curve at that point. From
the definition, you'll be able to deduce the way to realize the equation of the
tangent to the curve at any point.
Given a function y = f(x), the equation of the tangent for this curve at x = x0
Slope of tangent (at x=x0) m=dy/dx||x=x0
A normal at a degree on the curve is a line that intersects the curve at that time
and is perpendicular to the tangent at that point. If its slope is given by n, and also
the slope of the tangent at that point or the value of the derivative at that point is
given by m. then we got
m×n = -1
The normal to a given curve y = f(x) at a point x = x0

The slope ‘n’ of the normal: As the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, we have:
n=-1/m
Diagram Explaining Tangents and Normal:
98. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct answer is option (B): 1
20
a = (21)18 .r = 21 , n

= 19
(1−( 20 )19 )
S = (21)18 = 21

20
1− 21

19
(21)19
⇒ (21)19
(2119 − 2019 )
⇒ (2119 − 2019 ) = 1
Concepts:
1. Arithmetic Progression:
Arithmetic Progression (AP) is a mathematical series in which the difference between

any two subsequent numbers is a fixed value.
For example, the natural number sequence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,... is an AP because the

difference between two consecutive terms (say 1 and 2) is equal to one (2 -1). Even
when dealing with odd and even numbers, the common difference between two
consecutive words will be equal to 2.
In simpler words, an arithmetic progression is a collection of integers where each term

is resulted by adding a fixed number to the preceding term apart from the first term.
For eg:- 4,6,8,10,12,14,16
We can notice Arithmetic Progression in our day-to-day lives too, for eg:- the number of
days in a week, stacking chairs, etc.
Read More: Sum of First N Terms of an AP
99. Answer: b
Explanation:
^
v^ = cos 60∘î + cos 45∘ ^j + cos γk
1 1
⇒ 4

+ 2

+ cos2 γ = 1 (γ → Acute )
1
⇒ cos γ = 2

⇒ γ = 60∘
Equation of plane is
1 1
2 (x

− 2) +
2

(y + 1) + 12 (z − 1) = 0

⇒ x+ 2y + z = 1

(a, b, c) lies on it.

⇒ a+ 2b + c = 1

Concepts:
1. Plane:
A surface comprising all the straight lines that join any two points lying on it is called a pl
ane in geometry. A plane is defined through any of the following uniquely:
Using three non-collinear points

Using a point and a line not on that line
Using two distinct intersecting lines
Using two separate parallel lines
Properties of a Plane:
In a three-dimensional space, if there are two different planes than they are either
parallel to each other or intersecting in a line.
A line could be parallel to a plane, intersects the plane at a single point or is existing
in the plane.
If there are two different lines that are perpendicular to the same plane then they
must be parallel to each other.
If there are two separate planes which are perpendicular to the same line then
they must be parallel to each other.
100. Answer: d
Explanation:
The correct answer is option (D) : 18
101. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is option (C): 3
Given, cos2θ = sinθ

⇒ 1 − 2sin2 θ = sinθ
⇒ (2sinθ − 1)(sinθ + 1) = 0
⇒ sinθ = 12 , sinθ = −1

⇒ θ = { π6 , 5π

6
, 3π
2
} as θ ∈ (0, 2π)

The number of solutions is 3.
Concepts:
1. Trigonometric Equations:
Trigonometric equation is an equation involving one or more trigonometric ratios of

unknown angles. It is expressed as ratios of sine(sin), cosine(cos), tangent(tan),
cotangent(cot), secant(sec), cosecant(cosec) angles. For example, cos2 x + 5 sin x = 0
is a trigonometric equation. All possible values which satisfy the given trigonometric
equation are called solutions of the given trigonometric equation.
A list of trigonometric equations and their solutions are given below:
Trigonometrical equations General Solutions
sin θ = 0 θ = nπ
cos θ = 0 θ = (nπ + π/2)
cos θ = 0 θ = nπ
sin θ = 1 θ = (2nπ + π/2) = (4n+1) π/2
cos θ = 1 θ = 2nπ
sin θ = sin α θ = nπ + (-1) n α, where α ∈ [-π/2, π/2]
cos θ = cos α θ = 2nπ ± α, where α ∈ (0, π]
tan θ = tan α θ = nπ + α, where α ∈ (-π/2, π/2]
sin 2θ = sin 2α θ = nπ ± α
cos 2θ = cos 2α θ = nπ ± α
tan 2θ = tan 2α θ = nπ ± α
102. Answer: b
Explanation:
2
( sinx2 x )( 2+ 1+cos x)
limx→0

( 1−cos x
)

x2

(1 ) .(2 2 )
2
= =4 2

1
2

Concepts:
1. Limits And Derivatives:
Mathematically, a limit is explained as a value that a function approaches as the input,

and it produces some value. Limits are essential in calculus and mathematical analysis
and are used to define derivatives, integrals, and continuity.
Limits Formula:
Derivatives of a Function:
A derivative is referred to the instantaneous rate of change of a quantity with response

to the other. It helps to look into the moment-by-moment nature of an amount. The
derivative of a function is shown in the below-given formula.
Properties of Derivatives:
Read More: Limits and Derivatives
103. Answer: c
Explanation:
2
A = { x ∈ z : 2(x+2)(x −5x+6) = 1}
2
2(x+2)(x −5x+6) = 20 ⇒ x = −2, 2, 3
A = {−2, 2, 3}
B = x ∈ Z : −3 < 2x − 1 < 9
A × B = 3 × 15 = 15 has 15 elements so number of subsets
of A × B is 215
Concepts:
1. Sets:
Set is the collection of well defined objects. Sets are represented by capital letters, eg.
A={}. Sets are composed of elements which could be numbers, letters, shapes, etc.
Example of set: Set of vowels A={a,e,i,o,u}
Representation of Sets
There are three basic notation or representation of sets are as follows:
Statement Form: The statement representation describes a statement to show what

are the elements of a set.
For example, Set A is the list of the first five odd numbers.
Roster Form: The form in which elements are listed in set. Elements in the set is
seperatrd by comma and enclosed within the curly braces.
For example represent the set of vowels in roster form.
A={a,e,i,o,u}
Set Builder Form:
1. The set builder representation has a certain rule or a statement that specifically
describes the common feature of all the elements of a set.
2. The set builder form uses a vertical bar in its representation, with a text describing
the character of the elements of the set.
3. For example, A = { k | k is an even number, k ≤ 20}. The statement says, all the
elements of set A are even numbers that are less than or equal to 20.
4. Sometimes a ":" is used in the place of the "|".
104. Answer: a
Explanation:
Answer (a) 5
Concepts:
1. Binomial Expansion Formula:
The binomial expansion formula involves binomial coefficients which are of the form
(n/k)(or) nCk and it is calculated using the formula, nCk =n! / [(n - k)! k!]. The binomial
expansion formula is also known as the binomial theorem. Here are the binomial
expansion formulas.
This binomial expansion formula gives the expansion of (x + y) n where 'n' is a natural
number. The expansion of (x + y) n has (n + 1) terms. This formula says:
We have (x + y) n = nC0 xn + nC1 xn-1 . y + nC2 xn-2 . y2 + … + nCn yn
General Term = T r+1 = nCr xn-r . yr
General Term in (1 + x) n is nCr xr

In the binomial expansion of (x + y) n , the rth term from end is (n – r + 2) th .
105. Answer: d
Explanation:
C1 → C1 + C2 + C3

∣2 + sin 2x cos2 x sin 2x ∣

2
f (x) = 2 + sin 2x 1 + cos x
sin 2x
2
∣2 + sin 2x cos x 1 + sin 2x∣
∣1 cos2 x sin 2x ∣
2
f (x) = (2 + sin 2x) 1 1 + cos x sin 2x
2
∣ 1 cos x 1 + sin 2x∣
R2 → R2 − R1

R3 → R3 − R1

∣1 cos2 x sin 2x∣

f (x) = 2 + sin 2x) 0 1 0
∣0 0 1 ∣
= (2 + sin 2x)(1) = 2 + sin 2x
[ ]
= sin 2x ∈ [ 2
3
, 1]
Hence 2 + sin 2x ∈ [2 + 2
3
, 3]
Concepts:
1. Integral:
The representation of the area of a region under a curve is called to be as integral. The
actual value of an integral can be acquired (approximately) by drawing rectangles.
The definite integral of a function can be shown as the area of the region bounded
by its graph of the given function between two points in the line.
The area of a region is found by splitting it into thin vertical rectangles and
applying the lower and the upper limits, the area of the region is summarized.
An integral of a function over an interval on which the integral is described.
Also, F(x) is known to be a Newton-Leibnitz integral or antiderivative or primitive of a

function f(x) on an interval I.
F'(x) = f(x)
For every value of x = I.
Types of Integrals:
Integral calculus helps to resolve two major types of problems:
1. The problem of getting a function if its derivative is given.

2. The problem of getting the area bounded by the graph of a function under given
situations.
106. Answer: c
Explanation:
Explanation:
2
𝑥
2 𝑦
Given:'d' is the perpendicular distance from the centre of the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 to the
𝑎 𝑏
tangent drawn at a point P on the ellipse.-- F1 and F are two foci of the ellipse.We have
to find the value of (PF1 - PF) 2.Consider,
2
𝑥
2 𝑦
Let P(x, y) be any point on the ellipse 2 + 2 = 1 (As shown in Fig).Then, by definition of
𝑎 𝑏
ellipse, we haveSP = e PM and S'P = e PM'⇒ S = e(NK) and S'P = e(NK')⇒ SP = e(CK - CN)
and S'P = e(CK' + CN)⇒ SP = 𝑒 𝑎𝑒 - 𝑥 and S'P = 𝑒 𝑎𝑒 + 𝑥⇒ SP = a - ex and S'P = a + ex
Consider, co-ordinate of point P in parametric form as (a cos θ, b sin θ).Since PF = a +

ex and PF = a - ex , thereforePF - PF = 2ex = 2ea cos θ∴ (PF - PF) 2 = 4a22cos2θ .........
𝑦
(i)Equation of tangent to ellipse at P(θ) is, 𝑥𝑎 cos𝜃 + 𝑏 sin𝜃 = 1 ⇒ d = 1
√ cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 [Using
2 2
𝑎 𝑏
perpendicular distance of a line from a point and trigonometric identities ]

𝑏 cos 2 ⁡𝜃 2
2 2 2 2
⇒ 1 = cos ⁡𝜃 + sin2 ⁡𝜃 ⇒ 𝑏 = + sin ⁡𝜃
2 2 2 2
𝑑 𝑎 𝑏 𝑑 𝑎
2 2 2
or 1 − 𝑏2 = 1 − 𝑏2 cos ⁡𝜃 − sin ⁡𝜃 = cos ⁡𝜃 − 𝑏 2 cos⁡𝜃
2 2 2
𝑑 𝑎 𝑎
2
= cos ⁡𝜃(1 − 𝑏2 )
2
𝑎
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= cos ⁡𝜃 ⋅ 𝑒 [ Using eccentricity of ellipse ] ⇒ 4𝑎 (1 − 𝑏2 ) = 4𝑎 cos ⁡𝜃 ⋅ 𝑒 So,
𝑑
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑏 )
(𝑃𝐹1 − 𝑃𝐹2 ) = 4𝑎 𝑒 cos ⁡𝜃 = 4𝑎 (1 − 𝑑
2 [Using(𝑖)]Hence, the correct option is (B).
107. Answer: b
Explanation:
a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = … .. = a2022 − a2021 = 1 .

∴ tan−1 ( 1+a
a2 − a1
)
+ tan−1 ( 1+a
a3 − a2

)
+ … .. + tan−1 ( 1+a
a2022 −a2021
)
1 a2 2 a3 2021 a2022

= [(tan−1 a2 ) − tan−1 a1 ] + [tan−1 a3 − tan−1 a2 ] + … .. + [tan−1 a2022 − tan−1 a2021 ]

= tan−1 a2022 − tan−1 a1
−1 −1
= tan (2022) − tan 1 = tan−1 2022 − π
4 (option 3)
= ( π2 − cot−1 (2022)) −

π
4
−1
= π
4 − cot (2022)( option 2)
So, the correct option is (B) : π
4 − cot−1 (2022)
Concepts:
1. Binomial Theorem:
The binomial theorem formula is used in the expansion of any power of a binomial in the
form of a series. The binomial theorem formula is
Properties of Binomial Theorem
The number of coefficients in the binomial expansion of (x + y) n is equal to (n + 1).

There are (n+1) terms in the expansion of (x+y) n.
The first and the last terms are xn and yn respectively.
From the beginning of the expansion, the powers of x, decrease from n up to 0,
and the powers of a, increase from 0 up to n.
The binomial coefficients in the expansion are arranged in an array, which is called
Pascal's triangle. This pattern developed is summed up by the binomial theorem
formula.
108. Answer: c
Explanation:
ˉ = 12, σ12 = 14, yˉ = 12, σ22 = σ2 , n1 = n2 = 15

x
x2i
σ12 = 14 = ∑ 15 − (12)2 ⇒ ∑ x2i = 2370, ∑ xi = 180

yi2
σ22 =∑ − (14) , ∑ yi = 210 2

15
2 2
∑ x2i ∑ yi2
13 = − ( 15xˉ30
+15 yˉ 2
)

30

2370+∑ yi2 2
− (13)

30

∑ yi2 = 3090 ⇒ σ22 = 3090

15
− (14)2 = 10
Concepts:
1. Variance and Standard Deviation:
Variance:
According to layman’s words, the variance is a measure of how far a set of data are
dispersed out from their mean or average value. It is denoted as ‘σ2’.
Variance Formula:
Read More: Difference Between Variance and Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation:
The spread of statistical data is measured by the standard deviation. Distribution
measures the deviation of data from its mean or average position. The degree of
dispersion is computed by the method of estimating the deviation of data points. It is
denoted by the symbol, ‘σ’.
Types of Standard Deviation:
Standard Deviation for Discrete Frequency distribution

Standard Deviation for Continuous Frequency distribution
Standard Deviation Formulas:
1. Population Standard Deviation
2. Sample Standard Deviation

109. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct answer is (C) : 4

Let A = [ ]
p q
r s

p2 + qr pq + qs
A2 = [ ]
pr + rs qs + s 2

⇒ p2 +qr=1 (1) pq + qs = 0
⇒ q(p+s) = 0 (3)
⇒ s2 + qr =1 (2) pr + rs = 0
⇒ r(p+s) = 0 (4)
From , eqn (1) - eqn (2)
p2 = s2 ⇒ p+s=0
Now 3a2 + 4b2
= 3(p+s) 2 + 4(ps-qr)
= 3.0 + 4(-p2-qr) 2
= 4(p2 + qr ) 2
=4
Concepts:
1. Matrix Transformation:
The numbers or functions that are kept in a matrix are termed the elements or the
entries of the matrix.
Transpose Matrix:
The matrix acquired by interchanging the rows and columns of the parent matrix is
termed the Transpose matrix. The definition of a transpose matrix goes as follows - “A
Matrix which is devised by turning all the rows of a given matrix into columns and vice-
versa.”
110. Answer: b
Explanation:
ϕ′ (x) = 1
x

[(4 2 sin x − 3ϕ′ (x)) ⋅ 1 − 0] − 12 x−3/2

x
∫ (4 2 sin t − 3ϕ′ (t)) dt

π
4

ϕ′ ( π4 ) =
2
π

[4 − 3ϕ′ ( π4 )] + 0
(1 + 6
π
) ϕ′ ( π4 )

= 8
π

ϕ′ ( π4 ) = π8+6

So, thr correct option is (B) : 8

6+ π

Concepts:
1. Methods of Integration:
Given below is the list of the different methods of integration that are useful in
simplifying integration problems:
Integration by Parts:
If f(x) and g(x) are two functions and their product is to be integrated, then the formula
to integrate f(x).g(x) using by parts method is:
∫f(x).g(x) dx = f(x) ∫g(x) dx − ∫(f′(x) [ ∫g(x) dx)]dx + C
Here f(x) is the first function and g(x) is the second function.
Method of Integration Using Partial Fractions:
The formula to integrate rational functions of the form f(x)/g(x) is:
∫[f(x)/g(x)]dx = ∫[p(x)/q(x)]dx + ∫[r(x)/s(x)]dx
where
f(x)/g(x) = p(x)/q(x) + r(x)/s(x) and
g(x) = q(x).s(x)
Integration by Substitution Method

Hence the formula for integration using the substitution method becomes:
∫g(f(x)) dx = ∫g(u)/h(u) du
Integration by Decomposition
Reverse Chain Rule
This method of integration is used when the integration is of the form ∫g'(f(x)) f'(x) dx. In
this case, the integral is given by,
∫g'(f(x)) f'(x) dx = g(f(x)) + C
Integration Using Trigonometric Identities
111. Answer: b
Explanation:
Given:
3rd of the month = Monday
Fourth day after 21st will be: 25th
10th of the month = Monday
25th of the month = Monday + 1 Day = Tuesday
Hence, Tuesday is correct.
112. Answer: b
Explanation:
The figure from amongst the four alternatives, that when placed in the blank space (?)
of figure X will complete the pattern when rotation is not allowed, is shown below:
Hence, ‘option B’ is the correct answer.
113. Answer: b
Explanation:
When the paper is unfolded it will appear like :-
Hence, answer is the figure given below:-
114. Answer: d
Explanation:
The image is flipped horizontally.
Hence, option 4 is the mirror image of the given image.

115. Answer: b
Explanation:
Explanation:
let us consider a square sheet of side 1 unit.
Now fold the sheet along the main diagonal.
Now fold this along their line of symmetry.
again fold this along their line of symmetry.
The side of the resulting shape = 1

2
unit
Area of resultant shape = 1

2
× side2
2
× 1
2
× 1
2


8

116. Answer: c
Explanation:
The mirror image is given below:-
Hence, "option 3" is the correct answer.
117. Answer: a
Explanation:
Since today is Thursday, the 7th day after today will also be a Thursday.
Hence, the 14th, 21st, 28th ... 98th day after today will also be a Thursday.
Hence, 96th day after today = Thursday − 2 = Tuesday
Hence, option 1.
118. Answer: b
Explanation:
Explanation:
The Venn diagram according to the given statements is as follows:

Conclusions:
All risk seekers are wealthy. → False (All wealthy are risk seekers but can't say vice versa
is also true)
Only some entrepreneurs are risk seekers → False (All entrepreneurs are wealthy and
All wealthy are risk seekers so all entrepreneurs will be risk seekers)
Hence neither conclusion I nor II is correct.
119. Answer: a
Explanation:
Concept:
Sunrises in the East and sets in the West.
The shadow always falls in opposite direction of the Sun.
Calculation:
Given:
The morning sun is falling from the East, therefore the shadow of Ms. X is on the West.
Given that the shadow is on the right side of Ms. X, therefore right side is West i.e. Ms X
building is facing South.
120. Answer: c
Explanation:
The least possible Venn diagram will be as follows:
Conclusions:
I. Certainly some red are blue → False (As there is no such relation given between red
and blue, it is possible but not definite)
II. Certainly no blue is red → False (As there is no such relation given between red and
blue, it is possible but not definite)
Conclusion I and II form a complementary pair.
Hence, Either I or II follows.
Key Points
Conditions for Either - Or
1. Subject and predicate should be same

2. Both the individual conclusions should be false
3. There should either one of the following pairs present in the conclusions
All + Some not

Some + No
121. Answer: d
Explanation:
The correct option is (D): Allusion.
122. Answer: a
Explanation:
The correct option is (A): A Only.
123. Answer: b
Explanation:
The correct option is (B): The author has tried to complicate the issue of partition by
showing two many deaths.
124. Answer: d
Explanation:
The correct option is (D): Causes a sensory overload to the reader.
125. Answer: c
Explanation:
The correct option is(C): Omnipresent

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VITEEE (MPCEA) Test 10

Total Time: 2 Hour : 30 Minute Total Marks: 125

Navigating & Answering a Question

from end A . What are the values of X and l2 ? ​

a. 8.16 Ω and 60.5 cm

b. 19.15 Ω and 39.5 cm

c. 8.16 Ω and 39.5 cm

d. 19.15 Ω and 60.5 cm

a. The new equilibrium position is at a distance qE

7. Match List I with List II: (+1)

A. Torque I. kg m-1 s-2

B. Energy Density II. kg ms-1

C. Pressure gradient III. kg m-2 s-2

D. Impulse IV. kg m2 s-2

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

a. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

b. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II

c. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

d. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

and are not to scale)

a. 6 × 10−8 T along z-direction

b. 6 × 10−8 T along x-direction

c. 2 × 10−8 T along z-direction

d. 2 × 10−8 T along y-direction

21. The potential energy of an electron is defined as U = 1

magnetic field : (Rest mass of proton is 1.6 × 10−27 kg )

30. Two forces of magnitude A and A

c. (A) is true and (R) is false

a. More product will form

b. Less product will form

c. More reactant will form

d. Equilibrium will remain unchanged

38. XeO4 molecule is tetrahedral having :

a. sp3 d , trigonal bipyramidal

c. dsp2 , square planar

d. (D) Both (B) and (C)

44. The IUPAC name of the following compound is : (+1)

b. 4,4-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy butanoic acid

c. 3-Hydroxy-4 -methylpentanoic acid

48. Match List I with List II (+1)

LIST I (Amines) LIST II (pKb​)

C N-Ethylethanamine III 9.38

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

a. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

b. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

c. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III

d. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

49. Which of the following is not an essential amino acid: (+1)

51. In comparison to boron, berylium has : (+1)

a. lesser nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy

b. lesser nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy

c. greater nuclear charge and greater first ionisation enthalpy

d. greater nuclear charge and lesser first ionisation enthalpy

b. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

d. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

53. 'R formed in the following sequence of reactions is : (+1)

54. The pH of rain water, is approximately : (+1)

a. Both form nitrides

b. Nitrates of both Li and M g yield N O2 and O2 on heating

from end A . What are the values of X and l2 ?

LIST I (Amines) LIST II (pKb)

c. BaO + H2 O → Ba (OH )2

⎡ 1 logx y logx z⎤

c. Both R1 and R2 are symmetric relations