Educ 5312

RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE
North American University

Education Department
EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5312: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Name: Syed Rizvi Date: 04/16/2024
Instructional Project 3
Directions:
This is a research assignment. Use your textbook, web articles, and NAU library to conduct resear
when writing this paper.
Use APA style references and in-text- citations. You need to use at least 3 different resources
besides Castronova (2002), and Moore (2015).
Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

Download and read the following article:
 Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how
does it compare to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action
Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12. Retrieved from
https://www.myenglishpages.com/resources/1282044031.pdf
 After reading this article and conducting additional research, answer to the following
questions.
What is discovery learning?

Discovery learning is hands on learning approach that enables the student to foster their own
learning and be more hands on and facilitates their own learning.
How does this form of teaching compare to traditional, teacher-centered instruction?
This from of teaching is less hands on part of the teachers because they aren’t guiding the learnin
in same manner as they would be if it was traditional instruction. It helps foster growth and
understanding of the students and helps them learn better.
What educational theories support the discovery learning model?
Overall, the Discovery Method is highly supported by educational psychologists. They agree with Kant, Pia
Vygotsky and Bruner as well as educational philosopher Dewey that learning is based on knowing and doin
If a teacher takes into consideration that a child already has some prior knowledge, then that teacher will be
able to show students how their lives are connected to the content without having to work to create that
connection.
What is the most important thing you discovered about discovery learning?
Early research demonstrated that directed discovery had positive effects on retention of information at six weeks
after instruction versus that of traditional direct instruction. It is believed that the outcome of discovery based
learning is the development of inquiring minds and the potential for life-long learning.Discovery learning promote
student exploration and collaboration with teachers and peers to solve problems. Children are also able to direct
their own inquiry and be actively involved in the learning process which helps with student motivation. Discovery
learning is not without limitations, however. Some studies show that students in discovery situations are more lik
than those receiving direct instruction to encounter inconsistent or misleading feedback, encoding errors, causal
mi, and inadequate practice and elaborations. In these cases, direct instruction has been shown to be an efficien
way to teach procedures that are difficult for students to discover on their own, such as those involved in geome
algebra, and computer programming.
How can you apply this method to your future classroom?

One way to incorporate the “learning by doing” technique into the classroom is to give students frequent low
stakes quizzes. By design, these quizzes do not really assess performance. Instead they prompt students to
engage with the content and generate the learned information from their own minds. There are various differ
ways to gage the learning of students.
Part 2. ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS
 Select one of the following chapters to conduct research: Chapter 2, 3, 5 or 12. Revie
the chapter and respond to related questions for that chapter by conducting your ow
research.
Chapter 2- Teaching Diverse Students
1. Teaching all students. Remember that a teacher’s job is to teach all students and assume
an attitude that all students can learn. Research techniques and strategies that can be used to
accomplish this task. Sources of information include the library, the Internet, current journals,
and recent books.
2. Intelligence profile. Evaluate your own intelligence profile according to Gardner. In what
frames of mind (intelligence areas) do you come out strongest?
Chapter 3- Managing Classroom Environment
1. Discipline approaches. Analyze the three approaches to classroom management. Which

approach, if any, do you prefer? Can you put together parts of the different approaches and com
up with an eclectic approach that you think would work for you? Can you identify some basic
concepts that appear to be true of all three approaches?
2. Causes of misbehavior. Think back over the classes you have attended in which there ha
been disciplinary incidents. List the possible causes for any such misbehavior. How might
knowledge of the causes of these incidents influence a teacher’s actions? Some behavior
problems are teacher created and some are student-centered. Can you think of examples?
Chapter 5- Using Classroom Technology
1. How does technology enhance the teacher’s ability to plan instruction? Use one of the
available search engines to explore the web for technological tools such as lesson planning
software, worksheets, puzzle tools, poster and bulletin board production tools, and time
management tools that will assist you in planning.
2. Technology offers tools that can help students learn. To what technology should students
have access? Do you have any educational concerns about the use of these technologies
schools? If so, what are they? If not, why not?
Chapter 12- Teaching Effective Thinking Strategies

Teaching methods. What teaching methods and procedures can be used to improve students’
critical thinking abilities? Creative thinking abilities?
Encourage Students to Question Everything.
Activate Student Curiosity.
Incorporate Project-Based Learning.
Offer Diverse Perspectives.
Assign Tasks on Critical Writing.
Promote Collaboration.
Encourage Students to Question Everything.
Activate Student Curiosity.
Incorporate Project-Based Learning.
Offer Diverse Perspectives.
Assign Tasks on Critical Writing.
Promote Collaboration.
1. Thinking. What type of thinking is emphasized in most schools? Is critical thinking rewarde
Creative thinking? Is school success based on students’ ability to think critically? Creatively
While critical thinking analyzes information and roots out the true nature and facets of problems, it
is creative thinking that drives progress forward when it comes to solving these problems. Exception
creative thinkers are people that invent new solutions to existing problems that do not rely on past or
current solutions. They are the ones who invent solution C when everyone else is still arguing betwe
A and B. Creative thinking skills involve using strategies to clear the mind so that our thoughts and
ideas can transcend the current limitations of a problem and allow us to see beyond barriers that prev
new solutions from being found. So, what can we do to develop our critical and creative thinking
skills? Although many students may dislike it, group work is an excellent way to develop our thinkin
skills. Many times I have heard from students their disdain for working in groups based on schedulin
varied levels of commitment to the group or project, and personality conflicts too, of course. True—
not always easy, but that is why it is so effective. When we work collaboratively on a project or
problem we bring many brains to bear on a subject. These different brains will naturally develop var
ways of solving or explaining problems and examining information. To the observant individual we
that this places us in a constant state of back and forth critical/creative thinking modes.
2. The environment. What type of classroom environment would be conducive to developing

critical thinking? Creative thinking? What problems can you foresee in establishing this
environment?
“A creative learning environment is one that encourages students to learn through trial and error, use their
imagination, and to think critically to solve problems. By leveraging such learned skills as setting goals,
sharing knowledge, and building relationships, a creative learning environment can help students practice an
develop their own theories, and ideas, and set them in motion. Veteran teachers and colleagues are another
important resource for creative ideas. They can share ideas on how to promote creativity in the classroom
based on their experiences. Fellow teaches can also serve as a sounding board to listen to a teacher’s idea on
creative classroom assignment and provide feedback and advice.”
Part 3. REFERENCES:
 Cite at least 5 References in APA.
 You need to use at least 3 different resources besides Castronova (2002), and Moore
(2015).
 You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing your sourc
in APA style.
References:
Cox, J. (2014, September 10). Teaching Strategies to Promote Critical Thinking. TeachHUB.
https://www.teachhub.com/teaching-strategies/2014/09/teaching-strategies-to-promote-critical-thinking/
Drexel University School of Education. (2023, February 7). How to inspire creativity in the classroom. School of
Education. https://drexel.edu/soe/resources/teacher-resources/inspire-creativity-in-the-classroom/
Inventionland Education. (2018, April 23). Discovery Learning Method. Inventionland Education.
https://inventionlandeducation.com/discovery-learning-method
Mirzoyan, V. (2021, June 17). Discovery-Based Learning: Definition, Principles, and Techniques. Uteach.io.
https://uteach.io/articles/discovery-based-learning-definition-principles-and-techniques
Priester, T. (2015). Thinking Critically and Creatively. Geneseo.edu; Open SUNY Textbooks.
https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/foundations-of-academic-success/chapter/thinking-critically-and-
creatively/

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RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Name: Syed Rizvi Date: 04/16/2024

Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

What is discovery learning?

How can you apply this method to your future classroom?

Chapter 2- Teaching Diverse Students

Chapter 3- Managing Classroom Environment

1. Discipline approaches. Analyze the three approaches to classroom management. Which

Chapter 12- Teaching Effective Thinking Strategies

2. The environment. What type of classroom environment would be conducive to developing

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