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GPIO Programming

Electronics Department, HCMUT 1

 Topics
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• Start using STM32Cube

• GPIO Programming

Electronics Department, HCMUT 2

 Starting to use STM32Cube
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• Installing required software

• Create a project
• Clock configuration
• Peripheral configuration

Electronics Department, HCMUT 3

 BluePill board
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Electronics Department, HCMUT 4

 STM32F103C8 Pinout
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• Power supply pins

• Reset
• Oscillator pins
3.3V
+3.3V 48 +3.3V
VDD_3 +3.3V
36
VDD_2
24VDD VDD
VDD_1 VDD
9
VDDA
10K 10K 10K

STM32
NRST NRST NRST
47 Reset Reset
35
VSS_3 Button Button
23
VSS_2
VSS_1
8
VSSA

(a) (b) (c)

Electronics Department, HCMUT 5

 System Clock
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PLLMUL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Multiplication X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16

Electronics Department, HCMUT 6

 STM32F10X Clock
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Electronics Department, HCMUT 7

 APB1, APB2, and AHB
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Electronics Department, HCMUT 8

 Enabling Clocks
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Label Description Label Description

IOPx I/O port x clock enable ADCnEN ADCn clock enable
USARTnEN USARTn clock enable DACnEN DACn clock enable
USBEN USB clock enable TIMnEN TIMn timer clock enable
CANEN CAN clock enable SPInEN SPI n clock enable
PWREN Power interface clock enable BKPEN Backup interface clock enable
WWDG Window watchdog clock enable SDIOEN SDIO clock enable
DMAnEN DMAn clock enable FSMCEN FSMC clock enable
CRCEN CRC clock enable I2CnEN I2Cn clock enable
Note: (0: clock disabled, 1: clock enabled)
Electronics Department, HCMUT 9
 Reset, Power, and Crystals
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3.3V STM32F103
48 VDD_3 20pF
36 OSC_OUT
6
Vcc VDD_2
24 VDD_1
8MHz
9
VDDA 5
OSC_IN
10K
20pF

7
NRST
20pF
OSC32_OUT
4
47
VSS_3
Reset 35
Button VSS_2 32.768KHz
23
VSS_1 3
8 OSC32_IN
VSSA
20pF

Electronics Department, HCMUT 10

 GPIO pins
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• PORTA (PAn)
• PORTB (PBn)
• PORTC (PCn)
• PORTD

Electronics Department, HCMUT 11

 I/O unit in ARM
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RAM Timers

PROGRAM
ROM

Program
Bus Bus
CPU

Interrupt Other
OSC I/O Port
Unit Peripherals

I/O
PINS

Electronics Department, HCMUT 12

 GPIO Registers
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Electronics Department, HCMUT 13

 CRL and CRH (Configuration Registers)
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Output (MODE>00)
CNFx bits MODEx bits Direction Max speed
00 General purpose output push-pull 00 Input
01 General purpose output Open-drain 01 10 MHz
10 Alternate function output Push-pull 10 Output 2 MHz
11 Alternate function output Open-drain 11 50 MHz

Input (MODE=00)
CNFx bits Configuration Description
00 Analog mode Select this mode when you use a pin as an ADC
input.
01 Floating input In this mode, the pin is high-impedance.
10 Input with pull- The value of ODR chooses if the pull-up or pull-
up/pull-down down resistor is enabled. (1: pull-up, 0:pull-down)
11 reserved

Electronics Department, HCMUT 14

 IDR (Input Data Reg.) and ODR (Output Data Reg.)
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GPIOx->ODR: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

GPIOx->IDR: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Px15 Px14 Px13 Px12 Px11 Px10 Px9 Px8 Px7 Px6 Px5 Px4 Px3 Px2 Px1 Px0

Electronics Department, HCMUT 15

 Toggle Port A
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#include "stm32f10x.h“

void delay_ms(uint16_t t) {
volatile unsigned long l = 0;
for(uint16_t i = 0; i < t; i++)
for(l = 0; l < 6000; l++)
{ }
}
int main() {
RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; //Enable the clocks for GPIO ports

GPIOA->CRL = 0x33333333; //PA0 to PA7 as outputs

GPIOA->CRH = 0x33333333; //PA8 to PA15 as outputs

while(1) {
GPIOA->ODR = 0x0000; //make all the pins of Port A low
delay_ms(1000); //wait 1000ms
GPIOA->ODR = 0xFFFF; //make all the pins of Port A high
delay_ms(1000); //wait 1000ms
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 16

 Toggling PC13
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#include <stm32f10x.h>

void delay_ms(uint16_t t);

int main()
{
RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; //Enable GPIO ports clocks

GPIOC->CRH = 0x44344444; //PC13 as output

while(1)
{
GPIOC->ODR ^= (1<<13); //toggle PC13
delay_ms(1000);
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 17

 Example: Input
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• The following code gets the data present at the pins of port A and
sends it to port B indefinitely, after adding the value 5 to it:

#include <stm32f10x.h>

int main()
{
RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; /* Enable GPIO ports clocks */

GPIOA->CRL = 0x33333333; /* PA0-PA7 as outputs */

GPIOA->CRH = 0x33333333; /* PA8-PA15 as outputs */
GPIOB->CRL = 0x44444444; /* PB0-PB7 as inputs */
GPIOB->CRH = 0x44444444; /* PB8-PB15 as inputs */

while(1)
{
GPIOA->ODR = GPIOB->IDR + 5;
/* read from port B and write to port A */
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 18

 Example
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• A switch is connected to pin PB10 and an LED to pin

PC13. Write a program to get the status of SW and send
it to the LED. VCC STM32F103

10K

#include <stm32f10x.h> PC13

PB10
int main() { 100

RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; /* Enable GPIO ports clocks */

GPIOB->CRH = 0x44444444; /* PB8-PB15 as inputs */

GPIOC->CRH = 0x44344444; /* PC13 as output */

while(1) {
if((GPIOB->IDR & (1<<10)) != 0) /* is PB10 high */
GPIOC->ODR |= (1 << 13); /* make PC13 high */
else
GPIOC->ODR &= ~(1 << 13); /* make PC13 low */
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 19

 Internal Pull-up/Pull-down resistor
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bit n of ODR

In CRH:CRL Pin n
0x4 = input bit n of IDR of port
(no pull-up/down)
0x8 = input with
pull-up/down

Electronics Department, HCMUT 20

 Example
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STM32F103
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• A switch is connected to pin

PB10 and an LED to pin
PC13. Write a program to get PB10 PC13
100
the status of SW and send it
to the LED.
#include <stm32f10x.h>
int main() {
RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; /* Enable GPIO ports clocks */

GPIOB->CRH = 0x44444844; // pull-up PB10

GPIOB->ODR |= (1<<10); //set bit 10 of ODR to pull-up
GPIOC->CRH = 0x44344444; /* PC13 as output */
while(1) {
if((GPIOB->IDR & (1<<10)) != 0) /* is PB10 high */
GPIOC->ODR |= (1 << 13); /* make PC13 high */
else
GPIOC->ODR &= ~(1 << 13); /* make PC13 low */
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 21

 Example
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STM32F103
BIHE university

• A switch is connected to pin

PB10 and an LED to pin PC13.
#include <stm32f10x.h>
Write a program
void delay_ms(uint16_t t); that toggles PB10 PC13
100
PC13 when the key is pressed.
int main() {
RCC->APB2ENR |= 0xFC; /* Enable GPIO ports clocks */
GPIOC->CRH = 0x44344444; /* PC13 as output */

GPIOA->CRL = 0x44444844; /* PA2 as input with pull-up */

GPIOA->ODR |= (1<<2); /* pull-up PA2 */

while(1) {
if((GPIOA->IDR&(1<<2)) == 0) /* is PA2 low? */
GPIOC->ODR ^= (1<<13); /* toggle PC13 */
else
GPIOC->ODR &= ~(1<<13);
delay_ms(500);
}
}

Electronics Department, HCMUT 22

 Clearing pins
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• BRR (Bit Reset Register)

• Examples:
– GPIOB->BRR = 1<<5; //make PB5 low
– GPIOA->BRR = (1<<3)|(1<<5); /* make PA3 and
PA5 low */

Electronics Department, HCMUT 23

 Setting & Clearing Pins
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• BSRR (Bit Set/Reset Register)

• Examples:
– GPIOC->BSRR = (1<<5); //make PC5 high
– GPIOB->BSRR = (1<<5)|(1<<19); /*makes PB5
high and PB3 low */

Electronics Department, HCMUT 24

 The structure of I/O pins
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IDR

BRR
BSRR

ODR

Electronics Department, HCMUT 25

 The structure of 5-volt tolerant I/O pins
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Electronics Department, HCMUT 26