Canterbury Institute of Management (CIM)

ITIS101 IT & BUSINESS PROCESSES

Tutorial Solutions – Week 11

1. Paradigm shifts are the most radical type of change because they require the
organisation to rethink the very nature of the business and the necessity for moving into
whole new markets. Paradigm shifts can cause major disruptions and extreme change
throughout the organization.

2. The largest single barrier to successful business process change is organisational culture.
Employees do not like unfamiliar routines, and often try to resist change. Business
process management efforts fail because of the high cost and extended time they take
to implement. Business process management involves rethinking work flows and
business processes. Too often businesses fail to plan for the changes their employees
and customers will experience. Many businesses simply don’t communicate with their
people enough to make it work.

3. Object-oriented development combines data and processes into a single object that
becomes the basic unit of systems analysis and design. Because processing logic resides
within objects rather than in separate software programs, objects must collaborate with
one another to make the system work. Object-oriented development reduces costs and
time because objects are reusable as building blocks for other objects.

4. Application software packages are prewritten programs and are convenient for
nontechnical person to use. The system documentation is prewritten and updates to the
program are easy to obtain from the vendor. Technical support, updates, bug fixes, and
enhancements are available from websites.

5. Web services use open standards that any piece of hardware or software program can
access. Web services can be written once and used many different times or different
ways. The open standards used by web services allow companies to connect their
business processes easier and more reliably. Web services also enable organisations to
tie together disparate systems foregoing the need to build new systems from scratch.

6. The user experience for mobile device interaction is fundamentally different from using
a desktop or laptop PC. Saving resources, bandwidth, screen space, memory, processing,
data entry, and user gestures are top priorities for mobile app design. Rather than
designing three different websites for three different types of computing devices,
responsive web design allows developers to design one website that automatically
changes layouts according to the user’s screen resolution, whether on a desktop, tablet,
or smartphone. Developers can choose from mobile websites, mobile web apps, or
native apps when designing for mobile device access.
Answers to Multiple Choice Questions:

1) The four kinds of structural organisational change enabled by IT, in order from least to
most risky, are:
A) rationalisation, automation, reengineering, and redesign.
B) rationalisation, automation, reengineering, and paradigm shift.
C) automation, rationalisation, redesign, and paradigm shift.
D) automation, redesign, restructuring, and paradigm shift.
E) paradigm shift, reengineering, rationalisation, and automation.
Answer: C

2) Which of the following offers the highest reward but also the most substantial chance of
failure?
A) Business process redesign
B) TQM
C) Automation
D) Six Sigma
E) Rationalization
Answer: A

3) An upscale restaurant supply business is implementing an information system that will

enable it to add same-day home delivery of groceries to consumers. This is an example of:
A) automation.
B) rationalisation of procedures.
C) paradigm shift.
D) business process redesign.
E) TQM.
Answer: C

4) The idea that the achievement of quality control is an end in itself describes a main
concept of:
A) BPM.
B) business process redesign.
C) Six Sigma.
D) TQM.
E) automation.
Answer: D

5) In order, what are the first three steps in BPM?

A) 1. identifying processes for change, 2. analysing existing processes, 3. designing the new
process.
B) 1. analysing existing processes, 2. identifying processes for change, 3. designing the new
process.
C) 1. identifying processes for change, 2. designing the new process, 3. implementing the
new process.
D) 1. analysing processes to change, 2. designing the new process, 3. measuring the
optimized process.
E) 1. designing new processes, 2. analysing existing processes, 3. identifying processes for
change.
Answer: A

6) BPM tools help businesses do all of the following except:

A) integrate existing systems to support business processes improvements.
B) capture and enforce business rules.
C) identify and document business processes.
D) complete a systems analysis study.
E) create models of improved processes.
Answer: D

7) As discussed in the chapter case, DP World used which of the following to enhance its
services?
A) Automation
B) TQM
C) Six Sigma
D) Business process redesign
E) Paradigm shift
Answer: D

8) A(n) ________ is an organisational change that involves rethinking the nature of the
business and the nature of the organisation itself.
A) automation program
B) rationalisation program
C) systems analysis
D) paradigm shift
E) business process redesign program
Answer: D

9) Which process develops a detailed description of the functions that a new information
system must perform?
A) Feasibility study
B) Requirements analysis
C) Systems design
D) Test plan development
E) Management plan
Answer: B

10) Which of the following steps in the system development process involves the process of
changing from an old system to a new system?
A) Programming
B) Testing
C) Maintenance
D) Conversion
E) Production
Answer: D
11) Unit testing:
A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules
will function together as planned.
C) involves testing the entire system with real-world data.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
E) tests each program separately.
Answer: E

12) System testing:

A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole in order to determine if discrete modules
will function together as planned.
C) tests each program separately.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
E) tests the information requirements of a system.
Answer: B

13) Acceptance testing:

A) includes all the preparations for the series of tests to be performed on the system.
B) tests the functioning of the system as a whole.
C) tests each program separately in the system.
D) provides the final certification that the system is ready to be used in a production setting.
E) tests the conversion of legacy data to the new system.
Answer: D

14) Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or production to a production system

to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiencies are termed:
A) acceptance.
B) production.
C) maintenance.
D) post-implementation.
E) implementation.
Answer: C

15) ________ provide(s) a detailed statement of the information needs that a new system
must satisfy; identifies who needs what information, and when, where, and how the
information is needed.
A) Systems analysis and design documents
B) Information requirements
C) A data flow diagram
D) A feasibility study
E) Requests for proposal
Answer: B

16) A(n) ________ is the model or blueprint for an information system solution and consists
of all the specifications that will deliver the functions identified during systems analysis.
A) feasibility study
B) data flow diagram
C) systems design document
D) information requirements document
E) request for proposal
Answer: C

17) Which of the following should drive the entire system-building effort?
A) Six Sigma
B) Feasibility studies
C) Documentation
D) User information requirements
E) Available information technology
Answer: D

18) In object-oriented development:

A) the class is used as the basic unit of systems analysis and design.
B) an object is a collection of data that is acted on by external processes.
C) processing logic resides within objects.
D) a strict, step-by-step development process is essential.
E) data and processes are separated.
Answer: C

19) In an object-oriented development framework for a university, how would the classes
Degree, Mathematics, and Physics be related?
A) Degree would be unrelated to Mathematics and Physics.
B) Degree is a superclass to Mathematics and Physics.
C) Mathematics and Physics would be common ancestors to Degree.
D) Degree would be a subclass to Mathematics and Physics.
E) Math, Physics and Degree are sister classes.
Answer: B

20) Which of the following statements about objects is not true?

A) Objects belonging to a certain class have the features of that class.
B) Classes of objects inherit all the structure and behaviors of a more general class.
C) An object combines data and the specifications of processes that operate on those data.
D) Programs pass data to procedures which then send a message to the object.
E) New classes of objects are created by choosing an existing class and specifying how the
new class differs from the existing class.
Answer: D

21) Object-oriented development could potentially reduce the time and cost of writing
software because:
A) object-oriented programming requires less training.
B) iterative prototyping is not required.
C) objects are reusable.
D) a single user interface object can be used for the entire application.
E) it's not necessary to use a formal methodology to design a system.
Answer: C

22) Which of the following statements about the traditional systems life cycle is not true?
A) the systems life cycle is predominantly a "waterfall" approach.
B) The systems life cycle is still used for building large, complex systems.
C) The systems life cycle approach is suitable for small desktop systems, which tend to be
less structured and more individualized.
D) The systems life cycle approach can be costly, time-consuming, and inflexible.
E) The systems life cycle methodology is a phased approach to building a system.
Answer: C

23) Which of the following statements about prototyping is not true?

A) Prototyping is least useful when there is some uncertainty about requirements or design
solutions.
B) Prototyping replaces unplanned rework with planned iteration, with each version more
accurately reflecting users' requirements.
C) The process of developing a prototype can be broken down into four steps.
D) Sometimes a prototype is adopted as the production version of a system.
E) Prototyping is often used for designing an information system's end-user interface.
Answer: A

24) As a technical project manager, you have decided to propose implementing a

prototyping methodology for a small web-based design project. What is the order of steps
you will follow in this project?
A) Develop the prototype; use the prototype; revise and enhance the prototype.
B) Identify basic requirements, develop the prototype, use the prototype, revise and
enhance the prototype.
C) Define the requirements, develop solutions, select the best prototype, and implement
the prototype.
D) Define the requirements, develop the prototype, revise and enhance the prototype.
E) Select the best prototype, define the requirements, and implement the prototype.
Answer: B

25) Which of the following is not a feature of agile development?

A) Sprints
B) Waterfall approach
C) Continuous integration
D) Cross-functional teams
E) Early testing
Answer: B