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    Hematocrit Determination (Packed Cell Volume, PCV) (Relative Corpuscular Volume)

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    abdoatefelsadany
    This document describes the process of determining hematocrit levels through microhematocrit and macrohematocrit methods. It details the principles, equipment, procedures, observations and clinical significance of hematocrit testing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hematocrit Determination (Packed Cell Volume, PCV) (Relative Corpuscular Volume)

    Uploaded by

    abdoatefelsadany
    28 views17 pages
    This document describes the process of determining hematocrit levels through microhematocrit and macrohematocrit methods. It details the principles, equipment, procedures, observations and clinical significance of hematocrit testing.

    Original Title

    PCV (1)

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    This document describes the process of determining hematocrit levels through microhematocrit and macrohematocrit methods. It details the principles, equipment, procedures, observations and clinical significance of hematocrit testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views17 pages

    Hematocrit Determination (Packed Cell Volume, PCV) (Relative Corpuscular Volume)

    Uploaded by

    abdoatefelsadany
    This document describes the process of determining hematocrit levels through microhematocrit and macrohematocrit methods. It details the principles, equipment, procedures, observations and clinical significance of hematocrit testing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 17

    Hematocrit determination

    (Packed Cell Volume, PCV)

    (Relative Corpuscular Volume)


    Principle :
    PCV determines the percentage (%) of red blood
    cells (RBCs) in the whole blood .

    Methods :
    can be performed by two methods:
    1. Microhematocrit method .
    2. Macrohematocrit method .
    Equipments :
    1. Wintrobe macrohematocrit tube

    2. Blood sample
    (5 ml venous blood + 4 mg potassium oxalate + 6 mg
    ammoniun oxalate).

    3. Pasteur pipette : a special pipette with a long narrow tip


    used in filling the wintrobe tube .

    4. Centrifuge .
    Wintrobe macrohematocrit tube:
    - A glass tube of 10 cm length and 3 mm
    diameter .
    - - It carries to graduations (from 0 to 10) one
    begins at the top of the tube and the other
    begins at the bottom .
    (pasteur pipette)
    Procedure :
    1. Mix the blood sample gently .

    2. Fill two macrohematocrit tubes by using pasteur


    pipette .

    3. Put the two tubes in the centrifuge opposite to each


    other (for balance) .

    4. Centrifuge at 3000 rpm for 30 minutes .

    5. Record the result .


    (Wintrobe macrohematocrit tube after blood separation )
    Equipments :
    1. Capillary tubes , plain or heparinized (contains
    heparin as an anticoagulant).

    2. A blood sample .

    3. Microhematocrit centrifuge .

    4. Microhematocrit reader .

    5. Clay sealant .
    (Microhematocrit tube)

    (Microhematocrit reader )
    Procedure:

    1. Fill ¾ of the capillary tube with blood by capillary


    attraction
    2. Seal one end of the tube with clay .
    3. Place the tube in the microhematocrit centrifuge
    4. Centrifuge at a speed of 10000 to 12000 rpm for 5
    minutes
    5. Place the tube in the microhematocrit reader and
    record the reading .
    (Microhematocrit tube after blood separation)
    The microhematocrite method is more proffered than
    the macrohematocrite method due to:

    1- It is more accurate due to less amount of plasma


    trapped between the cells .
    2- Needs less amount of blood
    3- Needs less time.
    Observation and Significance :
    The blood within the tube will be separated into three
    layers according to the specific gravity of the different
    cell types :
    1- Packed cell volume (PCV):
    § A red layer in the bottom of the tube containing RBCs
    only .
    § The % of PCV can be calculated by the following
    equation :

    PCV(%)= Height of RBCs column (mm) x100


    Height of blood column (mm)
    § the normal PCV values are :

    Species PCV (%)


    Horse 32-53
    Cow 24-46
    Sheep 27-45
    Goat 22-38
    Pig 32-50
    Dog 37-55
    Cat 24-45
    Man 40-50
    Human
    Women 35-45
    Newborn 40-65
    Ø Lower PCV than normal may indicates anemia or
    hemodilution .
    Ø Higher PCV than normal indicates polycythemia,
    hemoconcentration or dehydration (occurs in
    sever burns).
    Ø Hematocrit determination is useful in calculating
    blood indices .
    2- Buffy coat:
    § A gray layer at the middle of the tube containing
    leukocytes and thrombocytes .
    § The normal buffy coat is about 0.5 – 1.2mm.
    § Importance: used for rough estimation of leukocytic
    count;
    - the first mm indicates presence of 10000 leukocytes /
    cu.mm.
    - while the second mm indicates presence 5000
    leukocytes / cu.mm.

    § Lower buffy coat than 0.5 mm indicate leucopenia

    § Higher buffy coat than 1.5 mm indicate leukocytosis


    3- Plasma :
    § A straw yellow layer on the top of the tube .
    § Normally plasma layer is about 55% of blood .
    § Lower values indicate polycythemia, hemoconcentration
    or dehydration
    § Higher value indicate anemia or hemodilution
    § Abnormal colors of plasma may be observed :
    ü Reddish plasma → haemolysis
    ü Deep yellow → jaundice
    ü Turbid plasma → lipemia

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