Chapter 2:

Introduction to Enterprise Systems (Addition slide)

Learning Objectives

1. Discuss the evolution and key business benefits of enterprise

systems
2. Explain the role of enterprise systems in supporting business
processes
3. Architecture of Enterprise Systems.
4. Business process versus module in Enterprise System.
5. Differentiate the different categories of data within enterprise
systems
6. Introduce SAP ERP

2
Hãy liệt kê các Keywords trong chương 2: (1) Bạn cảm
thấy keyword đó quan trọng, hoặc (2) keyword bạn
không hiểu hoặc thấy khó hiểu.

ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide.

Part 1: Business process and Enterprise system

1. Overview fulfillment process, discuss the evolution and

key business benefits of enterprise systems
2. Explain the role of enterprise systems in supporting
business processes
3. Architecture of Enterprise Systems: from client- Server to
Service oriented.
4. Business process versus module in Enterprise System
Audience Q&A Session

ⓘ Start presenting to display the audience questions on this slide.

1. Quy trình bán hàng (fulfillment process) tại siệu thị điện máy

1 2

Bước 1: Nhận đơn đặt hàng Bước 2: Lấy hàng và giao hàng
3 4

Bước 3: Ghi nhận nghiệp vụ và xuất hóa đơn Bước 4: Ghi nhận thanh toán từ KH
Quy trình bán hàng (fulfillment process): Nếu khách hàng là doanh nghiệp.

Bổ sung hoạt động tạo và gửi báo giá (quotation)

Yêu cầu gởi báo giá Siêu thị điện máy A

Công ty X cần
mua máy tính Siêu thị điện máy B
cho nhân viên Tạo và gởi báo giá
Siêu thị điện máy C

Giả sử công ty X chọn mua hàng từ siêu thị C.

Gởi đơn đặt hàng

Công ty X Siêu thị điện máy C

Sau khi nhận đơn hàng, siêu thị C tiến

hành quy trình bán hàng (Bước 1-4)
Quy trình bán hàng (fulfillment process) tại siêu thị điện máy

Bước 0: Nhận yêu cầu

báo giá và gửi báo giá

Bước 1: Bước 2: Bước 3: Bước 4:

Nhận đơn hàng Xuất kho & vận chuyển Lập hóa đơn, chứng từ Thu tiền & Ghi nhận

Sales Warehouse Accountant Accountant

Paper-based process ( ~ 50 years ago)

Sales Warehouse Accounting

Receive
Prepare Send Send Receive
Customer
Shipment Shipment Invoice Payment
Order

Create/ Create/ Create/

Update Send Paperwork Update Send Paperwork Update
Paperwork Paperwork Paperwork

Delay! Delay! Delay! Delay! Delay!

Process using functional systems ( from ~ 30 years ago)
2. Role of Enterprise System
3. Architecture of Enterprise Systems

From Client-Server to Service-Oriented

Client-Server Architecture
3.1 Three layers of the Client-Server Architecture

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3.2 Service-Oriented Architecture (open system)

Web services
Used to expose ES (and other system) functionality
Standard interface – input and output

Composite applications
Connect multiple applications via Web services
Build new capabilities without changing the underlying applications

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4. Business process VS Enterprise system module

Fulfillment process (quy trình bán hàng)

• SAP ERP: Sales and Distribution (SD)

module.
• Oracle ERP Cloud: Order Management,
Inventory Management, and Shipping
modules.
• Microsoft Dynamics 365: Sales, Inventory,
and Warehouse Management module.
Part 2: Type of Data in enterprise system

5. Differentiate the different categories of data within

enterprise systems
• Master data
• Transaction data
• Organization data
Tình huống mua hàng tại siêu thị điện máy

Tình huống giả định:

Ngày 28/02/2024
Khách hàng Nguyễn Y
Vân đến mua laptop
tại Siêu thị điện máy ở
Linh Xuân, Thủ Đức.
Ví dụ về dữ liệu bán hàng

Date: February 28, 2024

Store Location: Linh Xuan, Thu Duc
Employee: Vũ Như Cẫn

Customer Name: Nguyễn Y Vân

Product Details:
- Product ID: LT4567
- Description: Laptop, thinkpad X, 15.6" screen, 256GB SSD, 8GB RAM
- Unit Price: $999.00
- Quantity: 1
- Total Price: $999.00

Payment Method: Cash

Transaction Total: $999.00
Status: Completed
Master data vs Transaction data

Master data
Dữ liệu nhân viên: Dữ liệu sản phẩm Dữ liệu Khách hàng
- NV Vũ Như Cẫn (NV01) - Laptop ThinkPad (ID: Prod01) - Khách hàng Nguyễn Y Vân (Cus01)
- NV Nguyen Van A - Samsung S24 - Khách hàng ABC

Xem xét các tình huống sau:

Dữ liệu bán hàng: 1. Một khách hàng khác mua cùng sản phẩm
28/02/2024: Bán cho sản phẩm ID : Prod01 Laptop ThinkPad (ID: Prod01) .
ID Nhân viên phụ trách : NV01 2. Nhân viên Cuong (NV01) bán tiếp Samsung
ID khách hàng: Cus01 S24 cho khách hàng ABC.
Số lượng : 01 3. Khách hàng Khánh Hà mua tieps Samsung
Giá : $999 S24.
Tổng tiền : $999

Transaction data
Data in an Enterprise System

• Master data
• Transaction data
Associated with process steps
• Organizational data (levels, elements)
• Defines the structure of the enterprise in terms of legal or
business purposes.
• Example: Legal entities, plants, storage areas, sales
organizations, profit centers

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Part 3: Introduce ERP and SAP ERP

6.1 History of ERP system

6.2 Introduce SAP ERP
6.3 Data type in SAP ERP
6.1 History of ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

• Focus primary on internal operations of an organization

• Integrate functional and cross-functional business processes
• SAP is a fully integrated, global ERP system
• Supports multiple languages and currencies

What are Resources of an Enterprise?

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6.2 Introduce SAP ERP: Who is SAP?

SAP SE
Founded in Walldorf, Germany in 1972
World’s Largest Business Software Company
World’s Third-largest Independent Software Provider

Company Statistics
Over 65,000 employees in more than 75 countries
232,000+ customers in more than 180 countries
200,000+ installations
2,500+ Business Partners

Source: SAP SE website

Slide 24
ERP market share

Source : Forbes
SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (SAP ERP)

Enables a company to support and optimize its business processes

Ties together disparate business functions (integrated business solution) such as

Finance (Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, Treasury, …)
Logistics (Sales, Procurement, Production, Fulfillment, …)
Human Resources etc.

Helps the organization run smoothly

Real-time environment

Scalable and flexible

Slide 26
SAP ERP Modules

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SAP Business Suite

SAP PLM

SAP SAP ERP SAP

SRM CRM

SAP SCM

SAP NetWeaver

• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

• Supply Chain Management (SCM)
• Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
• Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Slide 28
The ES Architecture Suite

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6.3 Data type in SAP ERP: Organizational Data

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Organizational Level: Client, company code, plant

Client:
Highest organizational level
Represents the enterprise; comprised of many companies

Company Code
• Central organizational element in financial accounting
• Books are maintained at this level for legal reporting
• Identifies legal entities in an enterprise (Client)
• Legally independent from other companies in the enterprise
• Client can have multiple company codes
• Company code must belong to only one client

Plant
• Performs multiple functions
• Used by many processes
• Represents factory, warehouse, office, distribution center, etc.
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Master Data

Long-term data that typically represent entities associated with various

processes?
Customer
Vendor
Material

Material master data is used in numerous processes

Procurement
Fulfillment
Production
Material planning
Asset management
Project systems
Lifecycle data management

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Material Master

Data are grouped based on

Process
Material type
Organization element

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Material Types

Raw materials
Purchased, not sold, used in production
Purchasing- and production-related views
No sales-related view

Semi-finished goods
Produced using other materials
Used in the production of other materials
Not purchased or sold

Finished goods
Produced using other materials
Sold to customers

Trading goods
Purchased and resold without additional processing
Numerous other types

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Transaction Data

Data generated during execution of process steps

Requires
Organizational data
Master data
Situational data
Example: Sales order creation
Organizational elements: Client, Company Code, Sales
Area
Master Data: Customer, Material
Situational data: Date, Time, Person

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Documents

Record of transactions
Transaction documents
Requisition, purchase order, invoice, delivery document, etc.
FI documents
Record the impact on financial accounting
CO documents
Record the impact on management accounting
Material documents
Record the impact on material status (value, location)

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Purchase Order

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Document Flow

The document flow as well as the order status allow the setting of the status at any point in time

SAP revises the status at every time a change in a document takes place

Slide 38