Chemistry: Tuesday 16 January 2024

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Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

Tuesday 16 January 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper
reference WCH12/01
Chemistry
International Advanced Subsidiary/Advanced Level
UNIT 2: Energetics, Group Chemistry,
Halogenoalkanes and Alcohols
You must have: Total Marks

Scientific calculator, Data Booklet
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• IfFillpencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• centre number
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
and candidate number.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
Answer all questions.
• – there may be more space than you need.
• Show all your working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• – usemarks
The for each question are shown in brackets
this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• structure
In the question marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow on from each other where appropriate.
• There is a Periodic Table on the back cover of this paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• your answers if you have time at the end.
Check
Turn over
P75592A
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd.
S:1/1/1/
*P75592A0128*
SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.
For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box . If you change
your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
1 Which compound has intermolecular hydrogen bonding?
A HF
B H2Te
C AsH3
D SnH4
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)
2 In which process are intermolecular hydrogen bonds broken?

A H2(g) → 2H(g)
B H2O(l) → H2O(g)
C H2(l) → H2(g)
D H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(g)
3 A compound contains
• molecules with non-polar bonds
• permanent dipole-permanent dipole forces between its molecules.
What could be the formula of this compound?
Use the Data Booklet as a source of information.

A NO
B BeCl2
C PH3
D CI4
2
*P75592A0228*
4 Which alkane has the strongest London forces in the liquid phase?
A (CH3)4C
63
B CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
C (C2H5)4C NO
70
D CH3(CH2)7CH3
18
5 In which liquid solvent would the solubility of lithium chloride (LiCl) be lowest?
A ammoniapolar
B cyclohexane non polar

C methanol
D water polar
6 Which compound does not contain an element with an oxidation number of –1?
A HF
I
B NaH
C H2O2 0 l
t D CH4
it
metes positive (Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)
7 Which reaction involves the oxidation of a Group 7 element?
A Br2 + F2 → 2BrF
B U + 3ClF3 → UF6 + 3ClF

C 2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2
D KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
3
*P75592A0328* Turn over
8 Equal volumes of some 0.01 mol dm–3 solutions were mixed.
Which pair of solutions gave the greatest mass of precipitate? If mon

A BaCl2 and AgNO3
e B BaCl2 and Ag2SO4 volve x on Cindy

C BaCl2 and NaNO3
D BaCl2 and Na2SO4

9 Which test reagent could be used to identify an aqueous solution containing

hydrogencarbonate ions, HCO3– ?
A sodium carbonate
B sodium hydroxide
C nitric acid

D ammonia
10 Bromine, Br2(l), can be disposed of safely by reaction with

aqueous sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3(aq).
Br2(l) + 2Na2S2O3(aq) → 2NaBr(aq) + Na2S4O6(aq)
What is the minimum volume, in cm3, of 0.5 mol dm–3 Na2S2O3(aq) needed to react
completely with 0.01 mol of Br2(l)?
A 0.01
B 0.04
C 10

D 40
4
*P75592A0428*
mini
11 What is the mass of nitrogen atoms in 50 cm3 of a 2.0 mol dm–3 solution of
ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3(aq)?
manos maniminí
A 35 g
B 8.0 g
C 2.8 g conexpolare MM
D 1.4 g
240.05 0.1
12 Which row shows the correct trends down the group for the elements of Group 7?
Reactivity as
Boiling temperature Electronegativity
oxidising agent
A increases decreases decreases
B decreases increases increases

C increases decreases increases
D decreases increases decreases
13 Which statement best explains why the rate of a chemical reaction increases with
increasing temperature?
A the activation energy decreases
B the number of collisions increases
C the kinetic energy of the particles increases
tD the frequency of collisions with E Ea increases


5
14 Which statement is not true for a system at dynamic equilibrium?
t A the position of equilibrium is affected by temperature,

by pressure and by catalysts
B the concentration of reactants is constant
C the forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates
D the equilibrium can be reached from either direction

15 Silver nitrate, in aqueous ethanol, is added separately to four halogenoalkanes.

Which would form a silver halide precipitate in the shortest time?
A 1-bromobutane
B 1-chlorobutane
C 1-fluorobutane

D 1-iodobutane
16 What is the total number of structural isomers for cyclic alcohols with the molecular
formula C4H8O?
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5

6
*P75592A0628*
17 Which is a correct equation for the incomplete combustion of butan-1-ol?
A CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 6½O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

C CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 4O2 → 4CO + 5H2O
D CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 4½O2 → 4CO + 5H2O

18 Which reagent(s) could be used to produce a chloroalkane from a tertiary alcohol?

1 PCl5
2 concentrated HCl
3 concentrated H2SO4 and KCl
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1 only
19 What amount, in mol, of [O] is needed to convert 1 mol of pentane-1,3,5-triol into

3-oxopentanedioic acid and water?
OH OH O OH
HO OH O O
pentane-1,3,5-triol 3-oxopentanedioic acid

A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
7
20 Which compound gives this mass spectrum?

100

80
60
Relative
intensity
40
20
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

m/z
A CH3COOH
B CH3COCH3
C CH3CH2CHO
D CH3CH2CH2CH3
iban throw
TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

8
*P75592A0828*
Turn over
9
*P75592A0928*
BLANK PAGE
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

21 This question is about the element calcium and some of its compounds.
(a) Give the complete electronic configuration, using s, p, d notation, of a
calcium atom in the ground state.
(1)
1s 2s 2 3s 3p 4s
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
(b) Calcium reacts with chlorine to form calcium chloride.

0 0 2 1
Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → CaCl2(s)
(i) Explain, in terms of oxidation numbers, why this is a redox reaction.

(2)
Calcium panesfrom oxidation nube O to 2 It has
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
Choiin panes fromO to

2

lost electron sits oxidised
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
I meaning ithas gained 1 electron It hasbeen reduced

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
Bothoxidation and reduction has happened no its a REDO

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
reaction
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
(ii) Complete the table to indicate the type(s) of bonding and structure in the
species involved in this reaction.
(3)
Species Bonding Structure
Ca(s)
covalent
caiie giant
(iii) State the expected flame colour when CaCl2 is used in a flame test.
(1)
red
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
10
*P75592A01028*
(c) A sample of solid anhydrous calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2(s), is heated strongly for
several minutes in the apparatus shown.
alt
Calma
Ca(NO3)2(s) NO NO
heat
water containing
universal indicator
Cgl
(i) State two observations that would be made.
(2)
bourges
1 .... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
bubbles
2 .... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
(ii) Explain why the observations from (c)(i) would be made more quickly if
the experiment was repeated with solid anhydrous magnesium nitrate,
Mg(NO3)2(s).
(3)
became Mg NON n len

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
normally stable
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
Me Mgtion is smash
more polarising
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
no its easier t break te N O bad

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
Clemenergyneeded to break
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
11
*(d) Samples of calcium and magnesium are added to separate test tubes of
cold water containing a few drops of universal indicator.

State and explain the differences in the observations made in each experiment.
Include an equation in your answer.
(6)
Ca O
Casi 2h20m Maat Ha g
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
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lniversal indicator turn bleda to the CaLOH and

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
per s fitting too becare of Hz

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
Magnesium with water thee is no obseube remit ins

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..

Calcium has lower IE a than Magnesium it
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
her more shielding bits easier to ionize

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
te pH mill be darker bue Holcim

a it is no
y
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
e so the so stronger
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
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.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
12
*P75592A01228*
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(Total for Question 21 = 18 marks)
13
22 This question is about enthalpy changes.
A student wanted to use Hess’s Law to determine the enthalpy change, ΔrH1 ,

in kJ mol–1, for Reaction 1.
Reaction 1 Mg(s) + ½O2(g) → MgO(s) Δ r H1
(a) Explain why ΔrH1 can also be described as an enthalpy change of formation.
(2)
he enthalpy change when one mole

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a substance its foma for

yit
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llenan inter standard state

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(b) The student carried out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of
reaction, ΔrH2 , in kJ mol–1, for Reaction 2.
Reaction 2
0.189 g of solid magnesium oxide was added to excess hydrochloric acid in a
o
MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) ΔrH2

polystyrene cup and stirred until the reaction was complete.
The total mass of the solution formed was 25.0 g.
During the experiment, the temperature increased from 21.5°C to 28.0°C.
Calculate ΔrH2 , in kJ mol–1, including a sign.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[ Specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.18 J g–1 °C–1. ]
(4)
me ist
q mon
GLI DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
2574.18 6.5
ÉNSKIN
0.6791T
14
*P75592A01428*
(c) Calculate the enthalpy change of reaction, ΔrH1 , for Reaction 1.
Use your answer to (b), the data provided and the enthalpy cycle shown.
[If you did not calculate an answer to (b), use a value of –100 kJ mol–1.
This is not the correct answer.]
1Mt
(2)
Data
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) ΔrH = –462 kJ mol–1
H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(l) ΔfH = –286 kJ mol–1
Enthalpy cycle
Mg(s) + ½O2(g)
O Δ r H1
MgO(s)
145
2HCl 462kWh 2HCl
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) + ½O2(g) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
286
462 2867145
6035Mt
15
Y
*P75592A01628*
BLANK PAGE
16
µ a
23 This question is about bromoalkanes with the molecular formula C4H9Br.
mmpropanelÉ
(a) (i) Give the IUPAC name of the only C4H9Br tertiary bromoalkane.
(1)
hmm
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(ii) Draw the displayed formula of the only C4H9Br secondary bromoalkane.
H H
(1)
H H
C H
H C C C
H H
H B
(iii) Draw the skeletal formula of the only branched-chain C4H9Br
Efe
primary bromoalkane.
tina A (1)
ar
Y Equ
ME
(b) Give the structure of the C4H9Br bromoalkane that would react fastest with
aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol.

(1)
AN H H H F
e 1 1 y 1
H
Ca C G
µ
ABR
1
Í dotar
17
(c) Some reactions of CH3CH2CH2CH2Br are shown.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

R1
R4 R2
CH3CH2CH2CH2CN CH3CH2CH2CH2Br CH3CH2CH CH2
elimination
haptic R3
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2
(i) Complete the table. Mduphti

(4)

Formula
Reaction Name of mechanism of Condition(s)
reagent
R1 nucleophilic substitution KOH aqui

heat
R2 elimination KOH heat in ethanol
R3 nucleophilic NH3 hentadernal

substitution
Nucleophilic
R4
substitution
KEN heat in ethanol
18
*P75592A01828*
A (ii) Complete the mechanism for reaction R3.
Include curly arrows, and any relevant lone pairs, dipoles and charges.
(4)
NH3
H H H
H7C3 C nBr H7C3 C N H + Br–
H H H
NH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 + NH4+
A (iii) Give the wavenumber range of an absorption in the infrared spectrum of the
organic product of reaction R4, which is not present in the infrared spectrum
of CH3CH2CH2CH2Br.
Indicate the bond responsible for this absorption.
(2)
Wavenumber range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ........... ............... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... .... ............ ........ . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
Bond ..... .... ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ........... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... ............... .... ............ ....... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 40 MARKS
19
SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

24 The elements of Group 7, the halogens, have many important uses.
Fluorine is used to make sulfur hexafluoride, SF6 , a gas which is used
as an insulator in electrical equipment.
Chlorine is used as a bleach and as a disinfectant in water treatment.
Bromine is used to make organic chemicals that are used as fire retardants.
Iodine has been used in the catalyst in the manufacture of ethanoic acid.
(a) SF6 can be made from the reaction of sulfur, S8 , with fluorine.
S8(s) + 24F2(g) → 8SF6(g) ΔrH = –9672 kJ mol–1
The structure of S8(s) is shown.
EEE
S S

S S
S S F F
S S
Bond enthalpy data
Bond Mean bond enthalpy / kJ mol–1
S S 268
F F 151
(i) Calculate the mean bond enthalpy, in kJ mol–1, for a single S F bond.
(3)

Ebola 268 8 151 4

F
Earned 8 5
OH Formation Eran Ebooks
9672 5768 8 615 F
20
*P75592A02028*
322.7 S F
µ (ii) Give two reasons why your answer to (a)(i) is unlikely to accurately represent
the true S F bond enthalpy in SF6 .
(2)
because te bondenthalpy is he
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Mean large sorts not accurate

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(iii) SF6 is a potent greenhouse gas.

1.00 g of SF6 absorbs the same amount of infrared radiation as 23.9 kg of CO2 .
1 Calculate the number of molecules of CO2 , to the nearest whole number,
that absorb the same amount of infrared radiation as one molecule of SF6 in
the atmosphere.
(3)
h SE
É 00068mi
y
543.18
0,1 É
Ésa 86mlea
ftp
21
(b) Bleach, NaClO(aq), is formed by the reaction of chlorine
with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide.

O
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) → NaClO(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
The following species and equilibria are present in solutions of NaClO(aq).
Equilibrium 1 HClO(aq) H+(aq) + ClO–(aq)
Equilibrium 2 HClO(aq) + Cl–(aq) + H+(aq) Cl2(aq) + H2O(l)
Equilibrium 3 Cl2(aq) Cl2(g)

Household bleach is stored at a pH between 11 and 13.
Household bleach should not be stored near strong acid.
(i) Give the formula of the chlorine-containing species present at
highest concentration in household bleach at pH 12.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why mixing strong acid with bleach is dangerous.
Justify your answer using the equilibria shown.
(3)
Because
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22
*P75592A02228*
(iii) On heating, NaClO disproportionates to form sodium chloride and
sodium chlorate(V).
Give the equation for this disproportionation reaction.

State symbols are not required.
(2)
(c) The structure of a fire retardant is shown.
Br
Br Br
Br
CRH y BE Br
Br
Calculate the percentage by mass of bromine in this fire retardant.

Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(2)
RAM 18776779.9
641.4
y 100 75
mi
23
(d) The industrial manufacture of ethanoic acid first used an iodine-based catalyst.
Explain, with the aid of a labelled Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, how a catalyst

increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
(4)
rumbo
o
partida µ

Eat ACTINIO
KE
Hecatalyst provides an
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alternate route nite lower activation

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energy
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
perfile por partidos have sufficient

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..

eran to react
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .... ............... ............... ............... .............. ............... ............... ............... ............... ......... ....... ............ .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 20 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
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Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information

Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

You must have: Total Marks

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1 Which compound has intermolecular hydrogen bonding?

2 In which process are intermolecular hydrogen bonds broken?

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B cyclohexane non polar

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7 Which reaction involves the oxidation of a Group 7 element?

B U + 3ClF3 → UF6 + 3ClF

C 2F2 + 2H2O → 4HF + O2

D KCl + H2SO4 → HCl + KHSO4

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e B BaCl2 and Ag2SO4 volve x on Cindy

D BaCl2 and Na2SO4

9 Which test reagent could be used to identify an aqueous solution containing

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10 Bromine, Br2(l), can be disposed of safely by reaction with

Br2(l) + 2Na2S2O3(aq) → 2NaBr(aq) + Na2S4O6(aq)

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B decreases increases increases

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C increases decreases increases

D decreases increases decreases

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

A the activation energy decreases

B the number of collisions increases

C the kinetic energy of the particles increases

tD the frequency of collisions with E Ea increases

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

t A the position of equilibrium is affected by temperature,

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C the forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates

D the equilibrium can be reached from either direction

15 Silver nitrate, in aqueous ethanol, is added separately to four halogenoalkanes.

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A CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

B CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 6½O2 → 4CO2 + 5H2O

D CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + 4½O2 → 4CO + 5H2O

18 Which reagent(s) could be used to produce a chloroalkane from a tertiary alcohol?

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19 What amount, in mol, of [O] is needed to convert 1 mol of pentane-1,3,5-triol into

pentane-1,3,5-triol 3-oxopentanedioic acid

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(b) Calcium reacts with chlorine to form calcium chloride.

(i) Explain, in terms of oxidation numbers, why this is a redox reaction.